{"id":26004,"date":"2016-11-13T17:57:31","date_gmt":"2016-11-13T22:57:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/?p=26004"},"modified":"2016-11-13T17:57:31","modified_gmt":"2016-11-13T22:57:31","slug":"there-is-real-election-fraud-just-not-what-you-think","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/2016\/11\/there-is-real-election-fraud-just-not-what-you-think\/","title":{"rendered":"There Is Real Election Fraud (Just Not What You Think)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Stamp_US_1977_3c_Americana.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-26005\" src=\"http:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Stamp_US_1977_3c_Americana.jpg\" alt=\"stamp_us_1977_3c_americana\" width=\"203\" height=\"237\" \/><\/a>I have been working on elections since 2000, when I helped organize a team to defend a potential recount of Wisconsin\u2019s narrow victory for Al Gore (never happened; see <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bush_v._Gore\"><em>Bush v. Gore<\/em><\/a>).\u00a0 Since 2004, I have trained thousands of attorneys to observe at polling places to ensure every eligible voter is allowed to cast a regular ballot.\u00a0 That is, and should be, the only goal of our election laws: enfranchisement!<\/p>\n<p>In 2005 I testified before Congress about Wisconsin\u2019s voting laws, the lack of any actual voter fraud, and the many real administrative problems caused by running a national election in one day.\u00a0 In subsequent years, I helped compile reports of Election Day issues, defended individuals accused of voting irregularities, and was part of the GAB committee to create formal rules for observers.<\/p>\n<p>So, I have some background in election law.<\/p>\n<p>To put it mildly, I was surprised to hear a candidate for President state: \u201cVoter fraud is very, very common.\u201d\u00a0 Not just common, but VERY, VERY common.<\/p>\n<p>The statement, if meant to suggest rampant fraudulent voting, is categorically false.\u00a0 Fraudulent conduct by voters is exceedingly rare. \u00a0A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2014\/08\/06\/a-comprehensive-investigation-of-voter-impersonation-finds-31-credible-incidents-out-of-one-billion-ballots-cast\/\">comprehensive study<\/a> published in 2014 confirmed 31 cases of in-person voter fraud from 2000 to 2014, out of more than a billion votes.\u00a0 In stark numerical terms, that is one act of fraud for every 32 million votes.\u00a0 When defending Wisconsin\u2019s harsh Voter ID law, the State \u201ccould not point to a single instance of known voter impersonation occurring in Wisconsin at any time in the recent past.\u201d\u00a0 Frank v. Walker.\u00a0 In other words, voter fraud is very, very, very uncommon.<\/p>\n<p>There is, however, an election fraud that has become common in the past decade: the suggestion that voting laws need to be tightened to combat voter fraud.\u00a0 This is the BIG LIE. It has been used across the country to justify a stunning array of laws designed to make it harder to vote.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Wisconsin has seen a flurry of voting legislation over the past six years.\u00a0 In every case, the legislation is designed to make voting harder, not easier.\u00a0 The efforts include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Voter ID, with no safeguard for persons without access to an ID<br \/>\nRequiring a form of student ID that did not exist, along with proof of enrollment<br \/>\nShortened early voting periods<br \/>\nElimination of \u201cvouching\u201d for another elector\u2019s residence<br \/>\nRequiring universities to confirm a student\u2019s citizenship<br \/>\nLengthening the time to establish residency for voting<br \/>\nLimiting the number of places a municipality can use for early voting<br \/>\nLimiting the way absentee ballots can be sent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>All these changes were premised upon the need to combat voter fraud.\u00a0 As far back as 2001, then State Legislator Scott Walker began pushing a Voter ID law, stating: \u201c&#8221;There is no legitimate reason why eligible voters cannot bring a photo ID. Only people interested in perpetuating voter fraud need fear such a requirement.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>To be sure, there have been occasional voting irregularities.\u00a0 One volunteer famously bought cigarettes to help entice individuals to register to vote; free Kringles (Racine, let\u2019s hope) were provided at a registration event; a handful of paid special registration deputies made up names to meet their targets; Milwaukee wards showed thousands more votes than voters in one election.\u00a0 In each instance, there was no evidence of a voter impersonating another person to cast an invalid ballot.\u00a0 The supposed stuffed Milwaukee ballots turned out to be the result of faulty record-keeping by poll workers \u2013 they split the poll books but one half did not use the \u201cpink slips\u201d to track voter numbers.<\/p>\n<p>Elected officials have shamelessly used these irregularities to repeatedly cry \u201cvoter fraud,\u201d and used the self-generated concerns about \u201cballot integrity\u201d to justify new laws to make it harder for some to vote.\u00a0 Do these officials really believe rampant fraud exists, and we just can\u2019t catch it?\u00a0 I have my doubts.\u00a0 Documents recently leaked to The Guardian from the John Doe investigative files show GOP strategists discussing in 2011 whether they should \u201cstart messaging \u2018widespread reports of election fraud\u2019 so we are positively set up for the recount regardless of the final number.\u201d\u00a0 Now that is a fraud.<\/p>\n<p>Still, the idea of Voter ID polls well. Most voters have an ID, so what is the big deal?<\/p>\n<p>I will tell you.\u00a0 The big deal is not all voters have a photo ID, and voting is a fundamental right.\u00a0 Judge Adelman found, after a vigorous and contested evidentiary hearing, that over 300,000 fully eligible Wisconsin residents lacked a qualifying ID to vote.\u00a0 Going back to statistics, that is 10,000 potentially disenfranchised voters for every case of in-person voter fraud in over a decade.<\/p>\n<p>Can this be fixed, while still requiring a voter to show ID?\u00a0 I think so.\u00a0 For starters, an affidavit option for those who do not have a photo ID despite reasonable efforts is a good safeguard.\u00a0 Other states offer such an option.\u00a0 Make any student ID generated by a college or University acceptable; no need to tell them how to structure their IDs.\u00a0 [Indeed, the manner in which the Legislature defined the requisite student ID, and accompanying proof of enrollment, is the best proof of the suppressive intent of the law. But I digress.]\u00a0 Or, best yet, scrap the whole thing and get back to trusting our better selves.<\/p>\n<p>Provisional ballots are not the answer.\u00a0 They are not counted on Election Day, and most often will never be counted.\u00a0 Case in point \u2013 the November 8, 2016 election.\u00a0 By 2:00am Wednesday, all the results were in; the races are over.\u00a0 How many provisional voters are going to take the time to deliver their photo IDs to the clerk\u2019s office?\u00a0 Not many; and that is disenfranchisement.<\/p>\n<p>America is a great country, but we have a tortured history when it comes to the right to vote.\u00a0 At our founding, that great and revered document, the Constitution, did not guarantee the right to vote.\u00a0 It took a Civil War before we extended the right to vote to African Americans in 1870. It took another 50 years before we extended the right to women.\u00a0 Poll taxes were banished in 1964.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s not back-track from that progress.\u00a0 No more fraudulent claims that voter fraud is \u201cvery, very common\u201d \u2013 or even common.\u00a0 Voter fraud happens, but it is very, very rare \u2013 a 1 in 32 million event.\u00a0 \u00a0We must not use it as an excuse to disenfranchise our fellow citizens.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I have been working on elections since 2000, when I helped organize a team to defend a potential recount of Wisconsin\u2019s narrow victory for Al Gore (never happened; see Bush v. Gore).\u00a0 Since 2004, I have trained thousands of attorneys to observe at polling places to ensure every eligible voter is allowed to cast a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":211,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[98,111,44,122],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-civil-rights","category-election-law","category-political-processes-rhetoric","category-public","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26004","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/211"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26004"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26004\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26004"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26004"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26004"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}