{"id":3637,"date":"2009-02-07T15:05:11","date_gmt":"2009-02-07T20:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/?p=3637"},"modified":"2009-02-07T15:05:11","modified_gmt":"2009-02-07T20:05:11","slug":"seventh-circuit-week-in-review-cloak-and-dagger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/2009\/02\/seventh-circuit-week-in-review-cloak-and-dagger\/","title":{"rendered":"Seventh Circuit Week in Review: Cloak and Dagger"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>The Seventh Circuit had only one new opinion in a criminal case last week: United States v. Latchin <\/a><\/em>(Nos. 07-4009 & 08-1085).\u00a0 Latchin emigrated from Iraq to the United States in the early 1990’s and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1998.\u00a0 However, documents seized by American forces in Baghdad in 2003 revealed that Latchin was in the employ of the Iraqi government.\u00a0 The documents indicated that Latchin had been sent to the U.S. as\u00a0a sleeper agent for the Saddam Hussein regime.\u00a0 It is not clear whether he\u00a0ever conducted any covert actitivities once inside the U.S., but, somewhat chillingly, he did manage to obtain a job\u00a0at O’Hare Airport in Chicago.\u00a0 In any event, once his connections to Saddam were exposed, Latchin was prosecuted for procuring citizenship illegally by making false statements on his naturalization application in violation of 18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1425(a).\u00a0 He was convicted and then appealed.<\/p>\n

The legal issues on appeal were not nearly so colorful as the underlying facts.\u00a0 Most significantly, the court had to determine what it means to “procure” citizenship through a false statement.\u00a0 <\/p>\n

In order to answer the question, the court sorted through the Supreme Court’s badly splintered set of opinions in Kungys v. United States, <\/em>485 U.S. 759 (1988).\u00a0 After counting the votes behind the various competing positions in Kungys, <\/em>the Seventh Circuit (per Judge Evans) decided that Justice Brennan’s concurrence stated the controlling test: “[T]he government only wins if it shows that the citizen misrepresented a material fact and <\/em>it is ‘fair to infer to infer that the citizen was actually ineligible.'”\u00a0<\/p>\n

The court had little difficulty concluding this test was satisfied by the evidence against Latchin: “It defies common sense to think that the INS would have naturalized a man who worked for years as a spy for a hostile regime and who had at least some ongoing relationship with the [Iraqi Intelligence Service].”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Seventh Circuit had only one new opinion in a criminal case last week: United States v. Latchin (Nos. 07-4009 & 08-1085).\u00a0 Latchin emigrated from Iraq to the United States in the early 1990’s and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1998.\u00a0 However, documents seized by American forces in Baghdad in 2003 revealed that Latchin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,28,56,23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-criminal-justice","category-criminal-law-process","category-immigration-law","category-seventh-circuit","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3637"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3637\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/law.marquette.edu\/facultyblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}