Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll November 15-22, 2022

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most of the time	371	37	37	37
Some of the time	381	38	38	75
Only now and then	175	17	17	92
Hardly at all	77	8	8	100

A2: vote or not

Did you vote in the elections for state and national offices on November 8?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	692	69	69	69
No	312	31	31	100

A3: Congress control importance

Did you vote in the elections for state and national offices on November 8?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	692	69	69	69
No	312	31	31	100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	128	13	13	13
Somewhat approve	325	32	32	45
Somewhat disapprove	204	20	20	65
Strongly disapprove	344	34	34	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	453	45	45	45
Disapprove	548	55	55	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	85	8	8	8
Somewhat approve	359	36	36	44
Somewhat disapprove	332	33	33	77
Strongly disapprove	226	23	23	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	444	44	44	44
Disapprove	558	56	56	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	28	3	3	3
Somewhat approve	297	30	30	32
Somewhat disapprove	447	45	45	77
Strongly disapprove	230	23	23	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	325	32	32	32
Disapprove	677	67	67	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B4: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	434	43	43	43
Unfavorable opinion	536	53	53	97
Haven't heard enough	35	3	3	100

B5: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	316	32	32	32
Unfavorable opinion	664	66	66	98
Haven't heard enough	23	2	2	100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	295	29	29	29
Unfavorable opinion	556	55	55	85
Haven't heard enough	152	15	15	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B7: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	302	30	30	30
Unfavorable opinion	362	36	36	66
Haven't heard enough	339	34	34	100
Web blank	1	0	0	100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Cruz

[Ted Cruz] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	237	24	24	24
Unfavorable opinion	561	56	56	80
Haven't heard enough	206	20	20	100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Bush

[George W. Bush] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	511	51	51	51
Unfavorable opinion	401	40	40	91
Haven't heard enough	92	9	9	100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	342	34	34	34
Unfavorable opinion	499	50	50	84
Haven't heard enough	163	16	16	100

B11: Fav/Unfav: Newsom

[Gavin Newsom] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	198	20	20	20
Unfavorable opinion	310	31	31	51
Haven't heard enough	496	49	49	100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Buttigieg

[Pete Buttigieg] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	261	26	26	26
Unfavorable opinion	288	29	29	55
Haven't heard enough	454	45	45	100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Obama

[Barack Obama] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	621	62	62	62
Unfavorable opinion	345	34	34	96
Haven't heard enough	37	4	4	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	80	8	8	8
Quite a lot	220	22	22	30
Some	365	36	36	66
Very little	236	23	23	90
None at all	102	10	10	100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	27	3	3	3
Quite a lot	141	14	14	17
Some	432	43	43	60
Very little	296	29	29	89
None at all	108	11	11	100

C3: Confidence in the Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	118	12	12	12
Quite a lot	185	18	18	30
Some	329	33	33	63
Very little	233	23	23	86
None at all	139	14	14	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C4: Confidence in State Supreme Court

[Your state Supreme Court or highest court in your state] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	88	9	9	9
Quite a lot	271	27	27	36
Some	406	40	40	76
Very little	171	17	17	93
None at all	68	7	7	100

C5: Confidence in state legislature

[Your state legislature] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	44	4	4	4
Quite a lot	237	24	24	28
Some	420	42	42	70
Very little	229	23	23	93
None at all	75	7	7	100

C6: Confidence in the Police

[The police] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	178	18	18	18
Quite a lot	307	31	31	48
Some	304	30	30	79
Very little	148	15	15	93
None at all	67	7	7	100

C7: Confidence in the FBI

[The FBI] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	126	13	13	13
Quite a lot	267	27	27	39
Some	338	34	34	73
Very little	167	17	17	89
None at all	106	11	11	100

C8: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	40	4	4	4
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	202	20	20	24
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	402	40	40	64
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	356	35	35	100
Skipped/Ref	4	0	0	100

C9: Heard about Russian/Ukraine

[The Russian invasion of Ukraine] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	704	70	70	70
A little	227	23	23	93
Nothing at all	73	7	7	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C10: Heard about Jan. 6th hearings

[The hearings of the House Select Committee on January 6th] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	436	43	43	43
A little	374	37	37	81
Nothing at all	193	19	19	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C11: Heard about 2nd Amendment case

[A Supreme Court decision on the right to possess a gun outside the home] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	252	25	25	25
A little	472	47	47	72
Nothing at all	279	28	28	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C12: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	204	20	20	20
A little	455	45	45	66
Nothing at all	343	34	34	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

C13: Heard about Dobbs

[A Supreme Court decision on abortion] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	767	76	76	76
A little	203	20	20	97
Nothing at all	32	3	3	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C14: Congress - 15 week abortion ban

[Pass a national law banning abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	412	41	41	41
Oppose	589	59	59	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

C15: Congress - transgender sports ban

[Ban transgender athletes from sports competition] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	515	51	51	51
Oppose	485	48	48	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

C16: Congress - changes to Medicare/Social Security

[Require Congress to reauthorize Social Security and Medicare every five years, rather than let the programs continue automatically] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	317	32	32	32
Oppose	683	68	68	100
Skipped/Ref	4	0	0	100

C17: Congress - limit prescription RX cost

[Limit the cost of prescription drugs] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	926	92	92	92
Oppose	77	8	8	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C18: Congress - fund 200k more cops

[Fund hiring of 200,000 more police officers nationwide] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	668	67	67	67
Oppose	333	33	33	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

C19: Congress - increase oil & gas

[Increase production of oil and gas in the US] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	742	74	74	74
Oppose	258	26	26	100
Skipped/Ref	4	0	0	100

C20: Congress - increase renewable energy

[Increase funding for renewable energy production, such as wind and solar] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	740	74	74	74
Oppose	263	26	26	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C21: Congress - increase border stops

[Increase efforts to stop illegal immigration along the southern border] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	688	69	69	69
Oppose	312	31	31	100
Skipped/Ref	4	0	0	100

C22: Congress - protect voting rights

[Pass a new voting rights law to protect every citizen’s right to vote] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	839	84	84	84
Oppose	160	16	16	100
Skipped/Ref	4	0	0	100

C23: Congress - reduce Ukraine aid

[Sharply reduce US military aid to Ukraine] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	450	45	45	45
Oppose	551	55	55	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

C24: Congress - increase teacher salaries

[Increase federal aid to states and school districts to increase teacher compensation] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	779	78	78	78
Oppose	224	22	22	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C25: Congress - support unions

[Pass laws making it easier for workers to form unions] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	700	70	70	70
Oppose	301	30	30	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

C26: Congress - increase taxes on wealthy

[Increase taxes on incomes over $500,000] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	744	74	74	74
Oppose	258	26	26	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

C27: Congress - increase low-income tax credits

[Increase tax credits for low-income workers] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	748	75	75	75
Oppose	254	25	25	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

C28: Congress - fund 2-year tuition

[Provide a tax credit to pay for tuition at 2-year colleges and technical schools] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	771	77	77	77
Oppose	231	23	23	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

C29: Congress - fund k-12 vouchers

[Provide national funding for vouchers allowing k-12 students to attend private or religious schools] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	556	55	55	55
Oppose	446	44	44	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

C30: Congress - impeach Biden

[Impeach Joe Biden] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	343	34	34	34
Oppose	660	66	66	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C31: Congress - investigate FBI

[Conduct a congressional investigation of the FBI] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	596	59	59	59
Oppose	407	41	41	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C32: Congress - block Biden nominated judges

[Block confirmation of any federal judges nominated by Joe Biden] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	339	34	34	34
Oppose	664	66	66	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C33: Congress - subsidize childcare costs

[Create federal subsidies for childcare costs] Here are things some people wish Congress would do next year. Regardless of whether you think Congress will actually do these things, which would favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	729	73	73	73
Oppose	273	27	27	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	247	25	25	25
Somewhat conservative	363	36	36	61
Moderate	318	32	32	92
Somewhat liberal	56	6	6	98
Very liberal	19	2	2	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	29	3	3	3
Somewhat conservative	70	7	7	10
Moderate	277	28	28	37
Somewhat liberal	292	29	29	67
Very liberal	335	33	33	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	489	49	49	49
Somewhat conservative	272	27	27	76
Moderate	130	13	13	89
Somewhat liberal	29	3	3	92
Very liberal	83	8	8	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

D4: Democratic party ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	23	2	2	2
Somewhat conservative	83	8	8	11
Moderate	225	22	22	33
Somewhat liberal	288	29	29	62
Very liberal	385	38	38	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D5: Republican party ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	467	47	47	47
Somewhat conservative	309	31	31	77
Moderate	146	15	15	92
Somewhat liberal	36	4	4	95
Very liberal	45	5	5	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D6: Should Court consider opinion

Should justices of the Supreme Court consider public opinion about a case when making decisions or should they ignore public opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Should consider public opinion	611	61	61	61
Should ignore public opinion	390	39	39	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

D7: Increase # of justices

[Increase the number of justices on the US Supreme Court] How much do you favor or oppose the following proposals affecting the Supreme Court?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	129	13	13	13
Somewhat favor	346	34	34	47
Somewhat oppose	249	25	25	72
Strongly oppose	279	28	28	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	184	18	18	18
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	242	24	24	42
Favor	414	41	41	84
Oppose	162	16	16	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	414	41	72	72
Oppose	162	16	28	100
(Missing)	428	43	NA	NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	200	20	20	20
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	148	15	15	35
Heard of and favor the decision	254	25	25	60
Heard of and oppose the decision	400	40	40	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision	254	25	39	39
Heard of and oppose the decision	400	40	61	100
(Missing)	350	35	NA	NA

H3: Independent legislature theory

[Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	423	42	42	42
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	283	28	28	70
Heard of and favor the decision	75	7	7	78
Heard of and oppose the decision	220	22	22	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

H3: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision	75	7	25	25
Heard of and oppose the decision	220	22	75	100
(Missing)	709	71	NA	NA

J1: Overturn Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	201	20	20	20
Somewhat favor	134	13	13	33
Somewhat oppose	143	14	14	48
Strongly oppose	522	52	52	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

J2: Expand 2nd Amendment

[In 2022 the Supreme Court ruled that the 2nd Amendment right to “keep and bear arms” protects the right to carry a gun outside the home.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	366	36	36	36
Somewhat favor	279	28	28	64
Somewhat oppose	192	19	19	83
Strongly oppose	165	16	16	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

J3: Allow gerrymandering

[In 2019 the Supreme Court ruled that federal courts had no role to play in adjudicating challenges to partisan gerrymandering, leaving this to state courts.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	104	10	10	10
Somewhat favor	418	42	42	52
Somewhat oppose	341	34	34	86
Strongly oppose	132	13	13	99
Skipped/Ref	9	1	1	100

J4: Protect same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	505	50	50	50
Somewhat favor	217	22	22	72
Somewhat oppose	114	11	11	83
Strongly oppose	166	17	17	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

J5: LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	588	59	59	59
Somewhat favor	244	24	24	83
Somewhat oppose	118	12	12	95
Strongly oppose	52	5	5	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases	296	29	29	29
Legal in most cases	364	36	36	66
Illegal in most cases	257	26	26	91
Illegal in all cases	87	9	9	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

K2: Dobbs author

Which justice wrote the Supreme Court’s opinion in the Dobbs case, this past June, overturning the 1973 ruling in Roe v. Wade that had made abortion legal in all 50 states?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Samuel Alito	252	25	25	25
Amy Coney Barrett	88	9	9	34
Stephen Breyer	59	6	6	40
Neil Gorsuch	48	5	5	45
Elena Kagan	20	2	2	47
Brett Kavanaugh	111	11	11	58
John Roberts	119	12	12	69
Sonia Sotomayor	49	5	5	74
Clarence Thomas	251	25	25	99
Skipped/Ref	6	1	1	100

P1: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	319	32	32	32
Not enough support	234	23	23	55
About the right amount of support	449	45	45	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P2: Importance of Russia-Ukraine ward

How much do you think what happens in the Russia-Ukraine conflict matters to life in the United States?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	391	39	39	39
Some	425	42	42	81
Not much	137	14	14	95
Not at all	50	5	5	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P3: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs	602	60	60	60
Stay out of world affairs	399	40	40	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

P4: Is college worth it?

Today, would you say that a college education is a smart investment in the future or is it more of a gamble that may not pay off in the end?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Smart investment	447	44	44	44
More of a gamble	556	55	55	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P5: Value of expertise

In general, would you say experts who study a subject for many years are…
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Usually BETTER at making good policy decisions about that subject than other people	594	59	59	59
Usually WORSE at making good policy decisions about that subject than other people	53	5	5	64
NEITHER BETTER NOR WORSE at making good policy decisions about that subject than other people	351	35	35	99
Skipped/Ref	6	1	1	100

P6: Confidence in 2022 election

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for state and national offices were accurately cast and counted in the elections this November, 2022?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very confident	370	37	37	37
Somewhat confident	338	34	34	70
Not too confident	212	21	21	92
Not at all confident	82	8	8	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P7: Confidence in 2020 election

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very confident	396	39	39	39
Somewhat confident	254	25	25	65
Not too confident	175	17	17	82
Not at all confident	176	18	18	100
Skipped/Ref	4	0	0	100

P8: Donald Trump 2024

Would you like to see Donald Trump run for president in 2024, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	317	32	32	32
No	686	68	68	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P9: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	358	36	36	36
Ron DeSantis	634	63	63	99
Skipped/Ref	12	1	1	100

P10: Joe Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	333	33	33	33
No	671	67	67	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P11: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	344	34	34	34
Joe Biden	388	39	39	73
Someone else	180	18	18	91
Wouldn't vote	91	9	9	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P12: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis	396	39	39	39
Joe Biden	375	37	37	77
Someone else	129	13	13	90
Wouldn't vote	101	10	10	100
Web blank	4	0	0	100

P13: Trump classified documents

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago this summer?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	663	66	66	66
No	339	34	34	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P14: Fav/Unfav - Black Lives Matter Movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	421	42	42	42
Unfavorable opinion	437	44	44	85
Haven't heard enough	145	14	14	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P15: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A very big problem	366	37	37	37
A moderately big problem	353	35	35	72
A small problem	234	23	23	95
Not a problem at all	49	5	5	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Just about always	18	2	2	2
Most of the time	231	23	23	25
Only some of the time	620	62	62	87
Never	134	13	13	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted	558	56	56	56
Most people can't be trusted	444	44	44	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	1004	100	100	100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	272	27	27	27
Democrat	317	32	32	59
Independent	259	26	26	85
Other/No preference	153	15	15	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strong	360	36	61	61
Not very strong	229	23	39	100
(Missing)	415	41	NA	NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	111	11	27	27
Democratic	145	14	35	62
Neither	157	16	38	100
(Missing)	591	59	NA	NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
More than once a week	86	9	9	9
Once a week	137	14	14	22
Once or twice a month	74	7	7	30
A few times a year	158	16	16	45
Seldom	245	24	24	70
Never	305	30	30	100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes, would	273	27	27	27
No, would not	731	73	73	100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	117	12	12	12
Somewhat conservative	231	23	23	35
Moderate	380	38	38	72
Somewhat liberal	160	16	16	88
Very liberal	115	11	11	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day	86	9	9	9
A few times a week	265	26	26	35
A few times a month	274	27	27	62
Once a month	110	11	11	73
Less than once a month	167	17	17	90
Not at all	103	10	10	100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	273	27	27	27
No	730	73	73	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	272	27	27	27
Lean Republican	111	11	11	38
Independent	157	16	16	54
Lean Democrat	145	14	14	68
Democrat	317	32	32	100
Refused	2	0	0	100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	383	38	38	38
Independent	157	16	16	54
Democrat	462	46	46	100
Refused	2	0	0	100

gender

sex
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Male	474	47	47	47
Female	505	50	50	98
Another gender	8	1	1	98
Skipped/Ref	17	2	2	100

age

age, 4 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
18-29	230	23	23	23
30-44	230	23	23	46
45-59	236	23	23	69
60+	308	31	31	100

education

education - 5 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than HS	96	10	10	10
HS graduate	284	28	28	38
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	270	27	27	65
Bachelor's degree	170	17	17	82
Post grad study/professional degree	182	18	18	100
(Missing)	2	0	NA	NA

income

income recode
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k	274	27	27	27
$30k to less than $50k	199	20	20	47
$50k to less than $75k	181	18	18	65
$75k to less than $100k	139	14	14	79
$100k or more	206	21	21	100
DK/NA/Ref	5	0	0	100

marital status

marital status
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Married	446	44	44	44
Widowed	37	4	4	48
Divorced	121	12	12	60
Separated	30	3	3	63
Single, never married	276	27	27	91
Single, cohabitating	94	9	9	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
White	605	60	60	60
Black	119	12	12	72
Hispanic	167	17	17	89
Other/Multiple	86	9	9	97
Skipped/Ref	27	3	3	100

religious affiliation

religious identification
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant	193	19	19	19
Mainline Protestant	138	14	14	33
Roman Catholic	198	20	20	53
No religion	310	31	31	84
Other religion	163	16	16	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100