Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll January 9-20, 2023

Court items only

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove	n
sex
Male	8	44	28	21	473
Female	7	37	37	18	510
Another gender	0	0	39	61	14
age
18-29	3	34	39	24	180
30-44	5	39	33	23	257
45-59	6	42	36	15	236
60+	12	41	27	19	326
education
Less than HS	2	49	38	11	86
HS graduate	9	43	31	17	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	35	35	23	269
Bachelor's degree	10	39	37	14	165
Post grad study/professional degree	4	38	27	30	181
income
Less than $30k	7	38	37	18	261
$30k to less than $50k	6	39	34	19	153
$50k to less than $75k	7	38	29	26	177
$75k to less than $100k	9	40	35	16	131
$100k or more	8	43	30	19	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	14	55	24	7	401
Independent	4	31	46	17	172
Democrat	2	29	36	33	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	14	53	25	8	296
Independent	6	36	39	19	400
Democrat	2	32	33	33	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	14	53	25	8	296
Lean Republican	13	61	21	6	105
Independent	4	31	46	17	172
Lean Democrat	2	21	43	34	123
Democrat	2	32	33	33	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	20	53	20	7	185
Weak Republican	3	53	35	9	111
Lean Republican	13	61	21	6	105
Independent	4	31	46	17	172
Lean Democrat	2	21	43	34	123
Weak Democrat	0	37	40	23	123
Strong Democrat	4	29	28	39	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	5	30	40	25	222
Single, living with a partner	6	39	37	19	128
Married	9	45	26	20	488
Separated	5	41	49	5	29
Widowed	2	53	39	6	32
Divorced	5	34	38	19	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	10	43	27	20	609
Black Non-Hispanic	4	38	36	19	114
Hispanic	4	34	40	23	174
Other	3	23	55	19	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	7	55	26	8	71
Once a week	17	51	25	7	184
Once or twice a month	2	54	28	15	88
A few times a year	6	35	40	19	128
Seldom	7	40	36	17	221
Never	3	27	35	34	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	16	47	26	11	191
Mainline Protestant	3	48	32	18	114
Roman Catholic	7	51	34	8	214
No religion	4	27	36	33	311
Other religion	6	35	33	24	163
ideology
Very conservative	20	52	21	7	123
Somewhat conservative	12	61	20	6	226
Moderate	4	42	40	15	366
Somewhat liberal	1	18	47	34	157
Very liberal	4	10	29	57	120
voter registration status
Yes	8	39	32	20	790
No	3	42	36	17	205

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Approve	Disapprove	n
sex
Male	51	49	473
Female	44	55	510
Another gender	0	100	14
age
18-29	37	63	180
30-44	45	55	257
45-59	49	51	236
60+	53	46	326
education
Less than HS	51	49	86
HS graduate	52	48	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	42	58	269
Bachelor's degree	49	51	165
Post grad study/professional degree	42	56	181
income
Less than $30k	45	55	261
$30k to less than $50k	45	53	153
$50k to less than $75k	45	55	177
$75k to less than $100k	49	51	131
$100k or more	51	49	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	69	31	401
Independent	35	63	172
Democrat	31	69	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	67	33	296
Independent	42	58	400
Democrat	35	65	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	67	33	296
Lean Republican	74	26	105
Independent	35	63	172
Lean Democrat	23	77	123
Democrat	35	65	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	74	26	185
Weak Republican	57	43	111
Lean Republican	74	26	105
Independent	35	63	172
Lean Democrat	23	77	123
Weak Democrat	37	63	123
Strong Democrat	33	67	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	35	65	222
Single, living with a partner	45	55	128
Married	54	46	488
Separated	46	54	29
Widowed	55	45	32
Divorced	40	57	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	53	47	609
Black Non-Hispanic	42	55	114
Hispanic	38	62	174
Other	26	74	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	61	34	71
Once a week	68	32	184
Once or twice a month	56	44	88
A few times a year	41	59	128
Seldom	47	53	221
Never	31	69	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	63	37	191
Mainline Protestant	50	50	114
Roman Catholic	58	42	214
No religion	32	68	311
Other religion	41	57	163
ideology
Very conservative	72	28	123
Somewhat conservative	74	26	226
Moderate	45	55	366
Somewhat liberal	19	81	157
Very liberal	14	86	120
voter registration status
Yes	48	52	790
No	45	53	205

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	8	26	36	21	9	473
Female	8	21	40	23	7	510
Another gender	0	0	16	49	35	14
age
18-29	10	14	33	32	11	180
30-44	7	18	41	23	11	257
45-59	7	29	41	17	7	236
60+	8	28	36	21	6	326
education
Less than HS	4	23	36	24	13	86
HS graduate	9	23	39	20	9	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	9	21	37	25	8	269
Bachelor's degree	10	22	42	20	6	165
Post grad study/professional degree	6	28	34	25	8	181
income
Less than $30k	8	18	40	22	13	261
$30k to less than $50k	6	23	32	27	12	153
$50k to less than $75k	8	25	39	24	5	177
$75k to less than $100k	9	25	42	18	6	131
$100k or more	9	26	37	22	6	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	13	35	37	13	2	401
Independent	6	12	47	23	12	172
Democrat	4	16	34	32	13	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	14	35	37	12	2	296
Independent	5	19	42	24	10	400
Democrat	6	18	33	31	13	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	14	35	37	12	2	296
Lean Republican	9	37	39	13	2	105
Independent	6	12	47	23	12	172
Lean Democrat	0	12	38	34	14	123
Democrat	6	18	33	31	13	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	19	35	34	10	2	185
Weak Republican	6	34	42	15	2	111
Lean Republican	9	37	39	13	2	105
Independent	6	12	47	23	12	172
Lean Democrat	0	12	38	34	14	123
Weak Democrat	6	17	36	33	8	123
Strong Democrat	6	18	31	29	16	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	9	13	36	30	12	222
Single, living with a partner	5	18	38	28	11	128
Married	9	29	37	18	7	488
Separated	5	24	56	14	1	29
Widowed	11	24	41	22	1	32
Divorced	4	23	40	23	10	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	26	37	21	8	609
Black Non-Hispanic	8	17	40	23	13	114
Hispanic	7	22	36	28	6	174
Other	10	14	41	21	13	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	24	41	12	11	71
Once a week	12	39	34	12	3	184
Once or twice a month	11	26	44	16	3	88
A few times a year	7	22	40	23	8	128
Seldom	7	20	43	24	7	221
Never	4	16	33	33	15	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	13	33	33	17	4	191
Mainline Protestant	9	22	44	18	7	114
Roman Catholic	10	31	37	19	3	214
No religion	3	14	35	32	15	311
Other religion	8	19	43	20	10	163
ideology
Very conservative	16	30	37	13	4	123
Somewhat conservative	13	41	34	10	3	226
Moderate	6	20	47	22	5	366
Somewhat liberal	2	15	34	37	11	157
Very liberal	3	5	22	42	28	120
voter registration status
Yes	8	26	36	23	7	790
No	6	12	46	22	13	205

C4: Confidence in State Supreme Court

[Your state Supreme Court or highest court in your state] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	6	29	40	19	6	473
Female	7	20	49	17	6	510
Another gender	0	0	26	42	32	14
age
18-29	7	11	50	23	9	180
30-44	5	22	46	21	6	257
45-59	8	27	45	13	8	236
60+	7	31	40	17	5	326
education
Less than HS	4	23	37	24	12	86
HS graduate	6	21	43	22	9	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	23	44	21	5	269
Bachelor's degree	11	26	49	10	4	165
Post grad study/professional degree	6	30	46	13	5	181
income
Less than $30k	6	19	44	21	10	261
$30k to less than $50k	6	24	39	23	8	153
$50k to less than $75k	7	24	49	18	3	177
$75k to less than $100k	5	24	50	15	6	131
$100k or more	9	29	42	15	4	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	9	25	42	18	6	401
Independent	4	12	47	26	11	172
Democrat	6	27	45	16	6	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	10	26	38	20	5	296
Independent	3	18	48	20	10	400
Democrat	8	29	45	15	4	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	10	26	38	20	5	296
Lean Republican	5	23	51	12	8	105
Independent	4	12	47	26	11	172
Lean Democrat	2	22	47	18	10	123
Democrat	8	29	45	15	4	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	14	25	34	20	7	185
Weak Republican	5	28	46	20	1	111
Lean Republican	5	23	51	12	8	105
Independent	4	12	47	26	11	172
Lean Democrat	2	22	47	18	10	123
Weak Democrat	7	22	50	17	4	123
Strong Democrat	8	34	41	13	4	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	7	17	47	22	8	222
Single, living with a partner	2	17	49	22	10	128
Married	8	28	41	17	5	488
Separated	9	28	51	12	1	29
Widowed	10	32	43	13	2	32
Divorced	5	24	46	16	8	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	6	24	45	18	7	609
Black Non-Hispanic	4	27	44	16	9	114
Hispanic	8	22	42	25	4	174
Other	15	22	43	14	7	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	6	22	49	9	14	71
Once a week	14	29	39	15	3	184
Once or twice a month	9	34	36	15	6	88
A few times a year	7	19	50	18	6	128
Seldom	5	23	44	22	6	221
Never	3	21	47	21	8	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	9	26	40	20	4	191
Mainline Protestant	12	20	46	17	4	114
Roman Catholic	8	29	43	16	5	214
No religion	3	20	46	22	9	311
Other religion	6	27	45	12	10	163
ideology
Very conservative	11	28	33	17	12	123
Somewhat conservative	9	23	46	18	4	226
Moderate	5	25	48	19	3	366
Somewhat liberal	7	28	48	11	6	157
Very liberal	5	18	37	28	12	120
voter registration status
Yes	8	27	43	17	5	790
No	4	10	50	23	13	205

C8: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	n
sex
Male	3	14	37	46	473
Female	6	23	44	27	510
Another gender	0	0	73	27	14
age
18-29	5	22	46	26	180
30-44	6	22	44	28	257
45-59	6	21	38	34	236
60+	1	11	39	49	326
education
Less than HS	12	30	32	27	86
HS graduate	6	24	40	28	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	4	18	45	32	269
Bachelor's degree	1	11	49	40	165
Post grad study/professional degree	1	10	34	54	181
income
Less than $30k	6	31	41	21	261
$30k to less than $50k	5	20	41	33	153
$50k to less than $75k	5	15	40	39	177
$75k to less than $100k	5	15	37	43	131
$100k or more	1	8	44	47	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	4	21	40	34	401
Independent	5	25	48	20	172
Democrat	4	13	39	44	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	5	21	40	34	296
Independent	4	21	44	30	400
Democrat	4	12	38	46	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	5	21	40	34	296
Lean Republican	2	21	41	36	105
Independent	5	25	48	20	172
Lean Democrat	3	16	42	39	123
Democrat	4	12	38	46	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	5	15	38	41	185
Weak Republican	5	30	44	21	111
Lean Republican	2	21	41	36	105
Independent	5	25	48	20	172
Lean Democrat	3	16	42	39	123
Weak Democrat	4	16	48	32	123
Strong Democrat	4	9	32	55	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	5	19	47	28	222
Single, living with a partner	5	21	51	23	128
Married	4	14	37	44	488
Separated	8	23	24	44	29
Widowed	4	39	30	27	32
Divorced	1	26	43	30	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	3	18	40	38	609
Black Non-Hispanic	3	28	30	38	114
Hispanic	9	16	51	25	174
Other	3	13	45	38	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	2	28	34	33	71
Once a week	4	17	35	43	184
Once or twice a month	7	28	41	24	88
A few times a year	10	16	42	33	128
Seldom	2	19	47	31	221
Never	3	15	42	41	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	2	20	36	42	191
Mainline Protestant	2	16	44	38	114
Roman Catholic	8	17	47	27	214
No religion	3	16	43	38	311
Other religion	8	20	35	36	163
ideology
Very conservative	10	16	30	44	123
Somewhat conservative	5	20	45	29	226
Moderate	3	25	45	27	366
Somewhat liberal	0	14	45	41	157
Very liberal	7	2	31	59	120
voter registration status
Yes	3	17	40	39	790
No	10	21	45	23	205

C9: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Mainly politics	Mainly the law	n
sex
Male	44	56	473
Female	52	48	510
Another gender	95	5	14
age
18-29	60	40	180
30-44	54	46	257
45-59	48	52	236
60+	38	62	326
education
Less than HS	48	52	86
HS graduate	45	55	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	57	43	269
Bachelor's degree	51	49	165
Post grad study/professional degree	39	61	181
income
Less than $30k	52	48	261
$30k to less than $50k	53	47	153
$50k to less than $75k	50	50	177
$75k to less than $100k	46	54	131
$100k or more	43	57	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	34	66	401
Independent	54	46	172
Democrat	60	40	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	35	65	296
Independent	52	48	400
Democrat	59	41	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	35	65	296
Lean Republican	34	66	105
Independent	54	46	172
Lean Democrat	64	36	123
Democrat	59	41	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	27	73	185
Weak Republican	48	52	111
Lean Republican	34	66	105
Independent	54	46	172
Lean Democrat	64	36	123
Weak Democrat	58	42	123
Strong Democrat	59	41	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	62	38	222
Single, living with a partner	45	55	128
Married	45	55	488
Separated	45	55	29
Widowed	35	65	32
Divorced	43	57	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	45	55	609
Black Non-Hispanic	46	54	114
Hispanic	58	42	174
Other	63	37	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	43	57	71
Once a week	34	66	184
Once or twice a month	48	52	88
A few times a year	52	48	128
Seldom	50	50	221
Never	57	43	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	37	63	191
Mainline Protestant	45	55	114
Roman Catholic	42	58	214
No religion	60	40	311
Other religion	53	47	163
ideology
Very conservative	32	68	123
Somewhat conservative	36	64	226
Moderate	50	50	366
Somewhat liberal	59	41	157
Very liberal	70	30	120
voter registration status
Yes	48	52	790
No	51	49	205

C10: consider public opinion

Should justices of the Supreme Court consider public opinion about a case when making decisions or should they ignore public opinion?
	Should consider public opinion	Should ignore public opinion	n
sex
Male	49	51	473
Female	61	39	510
Another gender	89	11	14
age
18-29	78	21	180
30-44	60	40	257
45-59	52	48	236
60+	42	58	326
education
Less than HS	85	15	86
HS graduate	56	44	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	57	43	269
Bachelor's degree	41	59	165
Post grad study/professional degree	51	49	181
income
Less than $30k	73	27	261
$30k to less than $50k	63	37	153
$50k to less than $75k	53	47	177
$75k to less than $100k	41	58	131
$100k or more	42	58	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	30	70	401
Independent	67	33	172
Democrat	75	25	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	30	70	296
Independent	57	43	400
Democrat	78	22	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	30	70	296
Lean Republican	31	69	105
Independent	67	33	172
Lean Democrat	65	34	123
Democrat	78	22	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	23	77	185
Weak Republican	41	59	111
Lean Republican	31	69	105
Independent	67	33	172
Lean Democrat	65	34	123
Weak Democrat	80	20	123
Strong Democrat	78	22	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	78	21	222
Single, living with a partner	66	34	128
Married	45	55	488
Separated	66	34	29
Widowed	44	56	32
Divorced	44	56	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	46	54	609
Black Non-Hispanic	75	25	114
Hispanic	68	32	174
Other	73	27	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	44	56	71
Once a week	33	66	184
Once or twice a month	63	37	88
A few times a year	62	38	128
Seldom	58	42	221
Never	65	35	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	34	66	191
Mainline Protestant	54	46	114
Roman Catholic	55	44	214
No religion	67	33	311
Other religion	60	40	163
ideology
Very conservative	18	82	123
Somewhat conservative	36	64	226
Moderate	65	35	366
Somewhat liberal	75	25	157
Very liberal	79	21	120
voter registration status
Yes	51	48	790
No	72	28	205

C11: consider precedent

Should justices of the Supreme Court follow previous decisions whenever possible or should the Court overturn previous decisions if a majority of the Court believes the case was wrongly decided?
	Follow previous decisions	Overturn if a majority think it was wrongly decided	n
sex
Male	29	71	473
Female	27	73	510
Another gender	32	68	14
age
18-29	24	76	180
30-44	27	73	257
45-59	28	72	236
60+	31	69	326
education
Less than HS	24	76	86
HS graduate	26	74	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	27	73	269
Bachelor's degree	29	71	165
Post grad study/professional degree	34	66	181
income
Less than $30k	29	71	261
$30k to less than $50k	35	65	153
$50k to less than $75k	23	77	177
$75k to less than $100k	30	70	131
$100k or more	25	75	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	15	85	401
Independent	27	73	172
Democrat	41	59	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	13	87	296
Independent	30	70	400
Democrat	39	60	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	13	87	296
Lean Republican	21	79	105
Independent	27	73	172
Lean Democrat	44	56	123
Democrat	39	60	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	15	85	185
Weak Republican	10	90	111
Lean Republican	21	79	105
Independent	27	73	172
Lean Democrat	44	56	123
Weak Democrat	28	72	123
Strong Democrat	47	52	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	25	75	222
Single, living with a partner	27	73	128
Married	29	71	488
Separated	27	73	29
Widowed	27	73	32
Divorced	32	68	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	24	76	609
Black Non-Hispanic	36	64	114
Hispanic	32	68	174
Other	43	57	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	30	69	71
Once a week	19	81	184
Once or twice a month	27	73	88
A few times a year	36	64	128
Seldom	25	75	221
Never	32	68	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	22	78	191
Mainline Protestant	26	73	114
Roman Catholic	24	76	214
No religion	32	68	311
Other religion	34	66	163
ideology
Very conservative	18	82	123
Somewhat conservative	17	83	226
Moderate	30	70	366
Somewhat liberal	45	55	157
Very liberal	33	67	120
voter registration status
Yes	29	71	790
No	26	74	205

C15: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	20	49	31	473
Female	13	47	41	510
Another gender	57	13	30	14
age
18-29	13	42	45	180
30-44	14	43	43	257
45-59	19	43	38	236
60+	20	55	25	326
education
Less than HS	12	35	53	86
HS graduate	14	46	40	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	16	47	37	269
Bachelor's degree	19	47	34	165
Post grad study/professional degree	25	53	22	181
income
Less than $30k	13	43	45	261
$30k to less than $50k	17	48	36	153
$50k to less than $75k	18	42	40	177
$75k to less than $100k	13	61	25	131
$100k or more	23	48	29	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	17	46	37	401
Independent	11	43	46	172
Democrat	19	50	31	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	15	48	38	296
Independent	16	43	41	400
Democrat	21	51	28	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	15	48	38	296
Lean Republican	26	39	35	105
Independent	11	43	46	172
Lean Democrat	14	47	39	123
Democrat	21	51	28	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	16	49	35	185
Weak Republican	12	46	42	111
Lean Republican	26	39	35	105
Independent	11	43	46	172
Lean Democrat	14	47	39	123
Weak Democrat	21	49	30	123
Strong Democrat	22	52	26	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	14	47	39	222
Single, living with a partner	22	30	48	128
Married	19	51	30	488
Separated	12	48	40	29
Widowed	14	33	53	32
Divorced	13	51	37	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	15	46	39	609
Black Non-Hispanic	15	53	32	114
Hispanic	20	50	30	174
Other	28	41	31	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	15	41	44	71
Once a week	19	52	30	184
Once or twice a month	21	48	30	88
A few times a year	20	50	30	128
Seldom	19	46	35	221
Never	13	45	43	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	20	46	34	191
Mainline Protestant	10	59	31	114
Roman Catholic	17	52	30	214
No religion	18	43	39	311
Other religion	15	43	43	163
ideology
Very conservative	20	42	37	123
Somewhat conservative	16	52	32	226
Moderate	16	46	38	366
Somewhat liberal	17	45	37	157
Very liberal	20	50	30	120
voter registration status
Yes	19	49	32	790
No	10	39	51	205

C16: Heard about independent legislature case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the powers of state legislatures to set the rules for federal elections for congress and president] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	19	48	33	473
Female	12	44	43	510
Another gender	48	31	20	14
age
18-29	12	38	50	180
30-44	10	46	44	257
45-59	17	49	34	236
60+	22	48	30	326
education
Less than HS	14	39	47	86
HS graduate	14	42	44	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	17	50	34	269
Bachelor's degree	17	35	48	165
Post grad study/professional degree	19	60	21	181
income
Less than $30k	14	43	43	261
$30k to less than $50k	22	43	35	153
$50k to less than $75k	12	51	37	177
$75k to less than $100k	18	52	30	131
$100k or more	16	44	39	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	15	45	41	401
Independent	15	33	52	172
Democrat	18	52	30	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	13	45	43	296
Independent	17	38	45	400
Democrat	18	57	25	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	13	45	43	296
Lean Republican	21	45	35	105
Independent	15	33	52	172
Lean Democrat	17	41	43	123
Democrat	18	57	25	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	15	45	40	185
Weak Republican	8	44	48	111
Lean Republican	21	45	35	105
Independent	15	33	52	172
Lean Democrat	17	41	43	123
Weak Democrat	12	50	38	123
Strong Democrat	23	62	15	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	17	40	43	222
Single, living with a partner	12	46	43	128
Married	16	48	35	488
Separated	19	39	42	29
Widowed	18	55	27	32
Divorced	15	48	37	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	16	43	40	609
Black Non-Hispanic	16	54	30	114
Hispanic	12	53	35	174
Other	18	44	38	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	10	45	45	71
Once a week	19	48	33	184
Once or twice a month	19	49	32	88
A few times a year	17	48	35	128
Seldom	20	45	35	221
Never	11	44	45	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	18	48	35	191
Mainline Protestant	17	41	42	114
Roman Catholic	14	55	31	214
No religion	17	41	42	311
Other religion	15	46	39	163
ideology
Very conservative	23	48	29	123
Somewhat conservative	10	49	41	226
Moderate	15	44	42	366
Somewhat liberal	18	48	34	157
Very liberal	23	44	33	120
voter registration status
Yes	18	49	33	790
No	9	34	56	205

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Very conservative	Somewhat conservative	Moderate	Somewhat liberal	Very liberal	n
sex
Male	25	38	28	8	1	473
Female	19	34	34	8	3	510
Another gender	29	71	0	0	0	14
age
18-29	20	37	31	8	3	180
30-44	25	36	31	6	3	257
45-59	15	36	37	11	0	236
60+	26	38	26	8	2	326
education
Less than HS	13	23	48	13	3	86
HS graduate	17	37	32	10	3	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	21	33	35	10	2	269
Bachelor's degree	23	50	22	5	0	165
Post grad study/professional degree	37	36	22	1	2	181
income
Less than $30k	19	29	38	10	4	261
$30k to less than $50k	23	33	29	12	1	153
$50k to less than $75k	25	38	30	5	2	177
$75k to less than $100k	16	47	28	8	2	131
$100k or more	27	41	27	4	1	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	3	40	43	12	1	401
Independent	13	33	35	9	5	172
Democrat	44	35	17	3	1	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	3	39	43	14	1	296
Independent	21	35	31	8	3	400
Democrat	42	36	18	2	1	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	3	39	43	14	1	296
Lean Republican	4	43	42	8	3	105
Independent	13	33	35	9	5	172
Lean Democrat	48	30	17	5	0	123
Democrat	42	36	18	2	1	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	2	41	45	11	1	185
Weak Republican	4	37	41	18	1	111
Lean Republican	4	43	42	8	3	105
Independent	13	33	35	9	5	172
Lean Democrat	48	30	17	5	0	123
Weak Democrat	34	39	22	3	1	123
Strong Democrat	47	34	14	2	1	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	24	42	24	8	3	222
Single, living with a partner	26	33	29	5	6	128
Married	20	39	31	9	1	488
Separated	8	32	58	2	0	29
Widowed	14	31	49	6	0	32
Divorced	28	25	31	10	3	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	20	36	34	8	2	609
Black Non-Hispanic	26	36	28	4	3	114
Hispanic	24	34	29	10	2	174
Other	32	42	17	8	0	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	40	34	7	2	71
Once a week	14	48	26	11	1	184
Once or twice a month	10	33	47	6	5	88
A few times a year	21	29	39	8	3	128
Seldom	18	43	29	9	0	221
Never	36	29	26	6	3	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	15	42	31	11	1	191
Mainline Protestant	21	29	42	6	1	114
Roman Catholic	16	37	35	11	2	214
No religion	33	34	26	4	3	311
Other religion	21	41	24	10	2	163
ideology
Very conservative	2	47	33	18	0	123
Somewhat conservative	4	45	36	12	3	226
Moderate	20	32	39	7	2	366
Somewhat liberal	48	31	20	1	0	157
Very liberal	50	32	7	5	4	120
voter registration status
Yes	21	40	29	8	2	790
No	25	25	37	8	3	205

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Favor	Oppose	n
sex
Male	17	30	38	15	473
Female	23	27	33	16	510
Another gender	8	50	0	41	14
age
18-29	17	36	31	16	180
30-44	26	28	29	17	257
45-59	22	27	35	16	236
60+	15	28	41	16	326
education
Less than HS	23	40	25	12	86
HS graduate	23	31	35	10	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	21	26	36	17	269
Bachelor's degree	19	29	37	15	165
Post grad study/professional degree	12	25	36	27	181
income
Less than $30k	25	33	30	13	261
$30k to less than $50k	21	34	30	16	153
$50k to less than $75k	26	32	31	12	177
$75k to less than $100k	17	19	46	18	131
$100k or more	12	26	40	22	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	22	52	7	401
Independent	33	30	26	10	172
Democrat	15	35	22	28	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	23	49	8	296
Independent	24	29	34	13	400
Democrat	14	35	23	29	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	23	49	8	296
Lean Republican	15	19	62	4	105
Independent	33	30	26	10	172
Lean Democrat	19	36	20	24	123
Democrat	14	35	23	29	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	18	17	58	7	185
Weak Republican	25	32	35	8	111
Lean Republican	15	19	62	4	105
Independent	33	30	26	10	172
Lean Democrat	19	36	20	24	123
Weak Democrat	15	43	23	20	123
Strong Democrat	13	29	23	35	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	21	38	21	19	222
Single, living with a partner	26	26	30	18	128
Married	17	27	41	14	488
Separated	2	21	62	16	29
Widowed	30	22	31	17	32
Divorced	24	27	34	15	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	19	25	42	13	609
Black Non-Hispanic	22	34	23	21	114
Hispanic	22	35	20	23	174
Other	19	34	29	18	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	30	31	30	9	71
Once a week	19	25	45	11	184
Once or twice a month	11	35	37	17	88
A few times a year	15	27	35	22	128
Seldom	22	31	35	12	221
Never	21	29	29	21	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	23	17	47	13	191
Mainline Protestant	15	28	41	17	114
Roman Catholic	18	36	33	13	214
No religion	17	32	29	22	311
Other religion	26	27	32	15	163
ideology
Very conservative	21	19	58	2	123
Somewhat conservative	18	26	47	10	226
Moderate	22	32	32	14	366
Somewhat liberal	18	40	21	21	157
Very liberal	18	23	16	43	120
voter registration status
Yes	17	29	37	17	790
No	32	29	27	12	205

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Favor	Oppose	n
sex
Male	71	29	250
Female	67	33	253
Another gender	0	100	6
age
18-29	65	35	84
30-44	64	36	118
45-59	69	31	121
60+	72	28	187
education
Less than HS	68	32	32
HS graduate	77	23	136
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	68	32	143
Bachelor's degree	71	29	86
Post grad study/professional degree	57	43	114
income
Less than $30k	70	30	110
$30k to less than $50k	66	34	70
$50k to less than $75k	73	27	75
$75k to less than $100k	72	28	84
$100k or more	64	36	171
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	89	11	237
Independent	73	27	62
Democrat	44	56	211
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	86	14	168
Independent	72	28	186
Democrat	44	56	156
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	86	14	168
Lean Republican	93	7	69
Independent	73	27	62
Lean Democrat	45	55	55
Democrat	44	56	156
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	89	11	120
Weak Republican	81	19	48
Lean Republican	93	7	69
Independent	73	27	62
Lean Democrat	45	55	55
Weak Democrat	53	47	52
Strong Democrat	39	61	104
marital status
Single, that is never married	52	48	90
Single, living with a partner	62	38	62
Married	74	26	271
Separated	80	20	22
Widowed	64	36	15
Divorced	69	31	50
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	76	24	339
Black Non-Hispanic	53	47	50
Hispanic	46	54	74
Other	62	38	40
religious service attendance
More than once a week	76	24	28
Once a week	81	19	103
Once or twice a month	68	32	48
A few times a year	62	38	74
Seldom	74	26	103
Never	58	42	156
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	79	21	114
Mainline Protestant	71	29	65
Roman Catholic	72	28	97
No religion	57	43	157
Other religion	68	32	77
ideology
Very conservative	96	4	74
Somewhat conservative	83	17	127
Moderate	69	31	170
Somewhat liberal	49	51	66
Very liberal	27	73	70
voter registration status
Yes	69	31	427
No	70	30	80

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	19	20	29	32	473
Female	24	23	21	32	510
Another gender	4	13	0	83	14
age
18-29	28	15	16	40	180
30-44	24	20	17	39	257
45-59	23	25	26	25	236
60+	13	23	34	29	326
education
Less than HS	40	24	12	24	86
HS graduate	23	25	23	29	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	20	19	30	31	269
Bachelor's degree	19	21	29	30	165
Post grad study/professional degree	11	17	21	50	181
income
Less than $30k	26	23	19	32	261
$30k to less than $50k	21	28	19	32	153
$50k to less than $75k	25	15	21	39	177
$75k to less than $100k	17	20	37	27	131
$100k or more	16	21	30	34	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	24	21	46	9	401
Independent	35	27	14	24	172
Democrat	13	20	8	59	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	24	21	45	10	296
Independent	24	24	24	28	400
Democrat	14	18	5	62	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	24	21	45	10	296
Lean Republican	23	21	50	6	105
Independent	35	27	14	24	172
Lean Democrat	11	24	14	50	123
Democrat	14	18	5	62	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	22	19	53	7	185
Weak Republican	29	24	32	15	111
Lean Republican	23	21	50	6	105
Independent	35	27	14	24	172
Lean Democrat	11	24	14	50	123
Weak Democrat	20	24	5	52	123
Strong Democrat	10	14	6	70	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	25	24	14	37	222
Single, living with a partner	33	12	16	39	128
Married	18	22	31	30	488
Separated	2	21	30	42	29
Widowed	29	32	20	18	32
Divorced	18	23	25	33	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	20	20	29	32	609
Black Non-Hispanic	19	27	22	32	114
Hispanic	23	27	16	35	174
Other	28	16	14	42	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	17	34	43	6	71
Once a week	18	19	44	18	184
Once or twice a month	17	32	31	20	88
A few times a year	20	19	23	37	128
Seldom	23	20	20	37	221
Never	24	19	10	47	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	19	18	47	15	191
Mainline Protestant	22	25	18	35	114
Roman Catholic	21	31	22	25	214
No religion	21	17	16	46	311
Other religion	21	19	23	37	163
ideology
Very conservative	21	15	62	2	123
Somewhat conservative	21	24	42	12	226
Moderate	26	28	16	30	366
Somewhat liberal	19	15	4	62	157
Very liberal	10	10	3	77	120
voter registration status
Yes	17	21	27	35	790
No	38	21	16	25	205

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	47	53	286
Female	40	60	273
Another gender	0	100	12
age
18-29	28	72	101
30-44	30	70	144
45-59	51	49	121
60+	54	46	207
education
Less than HS	32	68	31
HS graduate	44	56	152
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	49	51	164
Bachelor's degree	49	51	98
Post grad study/professional degree	30	70	128
income
Less than $30k	37	63	132
$30k to less than $50k	38	62	78
$50k to less than $75k	35	65	105
$75k to less than $100k	58	42	83
$100k or more	46	54	175
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	84	16	221
Independent	36	64	66
Democrat	12	88	285
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	82	18	162
Independent	46	54	204
Democrat	8	92	206
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	82	18	162
Lean Republican	89	11	59
Independent	36	64	66
Lean Democrat	22	78	79
Democrat	8	92	206
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	89	11	110
Weak Republican	69	31	52
Lean Republican	89	11	59
Independent	36	64	66
Lean Democrat	22	78	79
Weak Democrat	8	92	69
Strong Democrat	8	92	136
marital status
Single, that is never married	27	73	114
Single, living with a partner	29	71	70
Married	51	49	296
Separated	42	58	21
Widowed	53	47	12
Divorced	43	57	59
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	47	53	368
Black Non-Hispanic	41	59	61
Hispanic	31	69	87
Other	25	75	48
religious service attendance
More than once a week	87	13	35
Once a week	71	29	115
Once or twice a month	61	39	45
A few times a year	39	61	77
Seldom	35	65	126
Never	18	82	176
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	76	24	118
Mainline Protestant	34	66	60
Roman Catholic	47	53	102
No religion	26	74	194
Other religion	38	62	98
ideology
Very conservative	97	3	79
Somewhat conservative	78	22	123
Moderate	35	65	167
Somewhat liberal	6	94	103
Very liberal	4	96	97
voter registration status
Yes	43	57	485
No	39	61	83

H3: Independent legislature theory

[Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	28	34	12	26	473
Female	43	32	6	19	510
Another gender	13	41	8	37	14
age
18-29	53	29	4	14	180
30-44	38	33	6	22	257
45-59	34	33	10	23	236
60+	24	37	12	27	326
education
Less than HS	43	36	6	15	86
HS graduate	42	28	10	20	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	34	34	12	20	269
Bachelor's degree	38	34	8	20	165
Post grad study/professional degree	21	40	3	37	181
income
Less than $30k	44	29	9	18	261
$30k to less than $50k	38	35	7	19	153
$50k to less than $75k	36	33	11	20	177
$75k to less than $100k	28	40	12	20	131
$100k or more	28	35	6	31	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	34	39	14	13	401
Independent	52	32	5	11	172
Democrat	30	29	6	35	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	34	42	12	11	296
Independent	39	32	9	20	400
Democrat	31	28	5	37	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	34	42	12	11	296
Lean Republican	34	30	17	19	105
Independent	52	32	5	11	172
Lean Democrat	27	32	8	33	123
Democrat	31	28	5	37	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	34	37	18	11	185
Weak Republican	35	51	3	11	111
Lean Republican	34	30	17	19	105
Independent	52	32	5	11	172
Lean Democrat	27	32	8	33	123
Weak Democrat	40	30	6	24	123
Strong Democrat	25	26	4	45	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	46	29	7	18	222
Single, living with a partner	49	27	6	19	128
Married	28	38	10	25	488
Separated	23	45	8	24	29
Widowed	36	33	9	21	32
Divorced	36	30	9	24	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	32	34	9	25	609
Black Non-Hispanic	43	27	6	23	114
Hispanic	40	32	12	16	174
Other	37	43	3	17	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	42	42	4	11	71
Once a week	30	40	13	17	184
Once or twice a month	35	37	17	10	88
A few times a year	28	41	9	23	128
Seldom	36	31	8	25	221
Never	40	26	5	29	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	36	35	13	16	191
Mainline Protestant	33	34	7	26	114
Roman Catholic	38	40	11	12	214
No religion	34	27	6	33	311
Other religion	33	36	7	23	163
ideology
Very conservative	26	43	19	12	123
Somewhat conservative	36	39	13	13	226
Moderate	41	33	6	20	366
Somewhat liberal	37	28	4	32	157
Very liberal	26	23	4	47	120
voter registration status
Yes	31	34	10	25	790
No	52	32	2	14	205

H3: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	32	68	178
Female	24	76	125
Another gender	18	82	7
age
18-29	23	77	33
30-44	22	78	74
45-59	32	68	78
60+	30	70	126
education
Less than HS	27	73	18
HS graduate	35	65	89
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	38	62	86
Bachelor's degree	28	72	46
Post grad study/professional degree	7	93	72
income
Less than $30k	33	67	71
$30k to less than $50k	27	73	41
$50k to less than $75k	36	64	55
$75k to less than $100k	36	64	42
$100k or more	17	83	102
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	51	49	107
Independent	31	69	28
Democrat	14	86	175
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	52	48	69
Independent	32	68	115
Democrat	11	89	125
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	52	48	69
Lean Republican	48	52	38
Independent	31	69	28
Lean Democrat	19	81	50
Democrat	11	89	125
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	61	39	54
Weak Republican	20	80	15
Lean Republican	48	52	38
Independent	31	69	28
Lean Democrat	19	81	50
Weak Democrat	20	80	37
Strong Democrat	8	92	88
marital status
Single, that is never married	28	72	57
Single, living with a partner	24	76	31
Married	29	71	169
Separated	24	76	9
Widowed	30	70	10
Divorced	27	73	34
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	27	73	206
Black Non-Hispanic	22	78	34
Hispanic	42	58	49
Other	15	85	18
religious service attendance
More than once a week	28	72	11
Once a week	43	57	56
Once or twice a month	62	38	24
A few times a year	28	72	41
Seldom	25	75	73
Never	14	86	106
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	44	56	54
Mainline Protestant	22	78	38
Roman Catholic	48	52	48
No religion	16	84	120
Other religion	24	76	50
ideology
Very conservative	62	38	38
Somewhat conservative	51	49	58
Moderate	23	77	97
Somewhat liberal	11	89	56
Very liberal	8	92	61
voter registration status
Yes	30	70	277
No	13	87	33

J1: Expanded rights - LGBT

[Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	64	17	19	473
Female	64	16	20	510
Another gender	24	66	10	14
age
18-29	57	19	23	180
30-44	64	17	19	257
45-59	71	15	15	236
60+	62	17	20	326
education
Less than HS	53	22	25	86
HS graduate	59	19	21	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	69	13	17	269
Bachelor's degree	69	15	15	165
Post grad study/professional degree	63	17	19	181
income
Less than $30k	55	20	24	261
$30k to less than $50k	61	16	23	153
$50k to less than $75k	61	22	17	177
$75k to less than $100k	68	17	15	131
$100k or more	72	11	16	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	78	4	18	401
Independent	58	15	27	172
Democrat	52	30	17	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	80	5	15	296
Independent	61	16	23	400
Democrat	51	31	18	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	80	5	15	296
Lean Republican	72	1	27	105
Independent	58	15	27	172
Lean Democrat	56	29	14	123
Democrat	51	31	18	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	81	3	16	185
Weak Republican	79	7	14	111
Lean Republican	72	1	27	105
Independent	58	15	27	172
Lean Democrat	56	29	14	123
Weak Democrat	54	23	23	123
Strong Democrat	48	36	16	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	59	20	21	222
Single, living with a partner	57	20	23	128
Married	69	14	17	488
Separated	52	28	20	29
Widowed	60	18	22	32
Divorced	62	15	22	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	68	14	18	609
Black Non-Hispanic	42	27	31	114
Hispanic	63	21	16	174
Other	62	22	16	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	72	6	21	71
Once a week	72	13	15	184
Once or twice a month	64	13	23	88
A few times a year	63	16	21	128
Seldom	67	14	20	221
Never	54	25	20	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	72	9	19	191
Mainline Protestant	70	9	22	114
Roman Catholic	66	15	20	214
No religion	53	28	19	311
Other religion	66	14	19	163
ideology
Very conservative	78	5	17	123
Somewhat conservative	74	6	20	226
Moderate	63	15	22	366
Somewhat liberal	56	32	12	157
Very liberal	42	36	22	120
voter registration status
Yes	65	17	17	790
No	58	15	27	205

J2: Expanded rights - religious people/orgs

[Religious people and organizations] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	36	23	40	473
Female	30	28	42	510
Another gender	25	35	41	14
age
18-29	38	20	43	180
30-44	37	20	43	257
45-59	25	33	41	236
60+	32	28	40	326
education
Less than HS	24	34	42	86
HS graduate	24	25	51	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	34	25	41	269
Bachelor's degree	39	30	31	165
Post grad study/professional degree	46	19	35	181
income
Less than $30k	29	25	46	261
$30k to less than $50k	28	25	47	153
$50k to less than $75k	44	22	34	177
$75k to less than $100k	23	34	43	131
$100k or more	37	24	39	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	21	35	44	401
Independent	20	24	57	172
Democrat	50	17	33	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	35	45	296
Independent	30	25	45	400
Democrat	49	17	33	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	35	45	296
Lean Republican	23	35	42	105
Independent	20	24	57	172
Lean Democrat	50	18	32	123
Democrat	49	17	33	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	18	36	46	185
Weak Republican	23	34	43	111
Lean Republican	23	35	42	105
Independent	20	24	57	172
Lean Democrat	50	18	32	123
Weak Democrat	44	17	39	123
Strong Democrat	53	17	30	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	41	23	37	222
Single, living with a partner	26	20	55	128
Married	34	27	38	488
Separated	17	40	43	29
Widowed	19	28	53	32
Divorced	28	26	46	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	32	25	42	609
Black Non-Hispanic	27	23	50	114
Hispanic	38	28	34	174
Other	41	27	32	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	11	52	37	71
Once a week	27	30	44	184
Once or twice a month	31	44	25	88
A few times a year	37	24	39	128
Seldom	37	16	48	221
Never	38	19	43	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	22	36	43	191
Mainline Protestant	27	23	50	114
Roman Catholic	30	30	40	214
No religion	42	16	42	311
Other religion	36	29	35	163
ideology
Very conservative	22	35	43	123
Somewhat conservative	21	38	41	226
Moderate	27	26	47	366
Somewhat liberal	53	11	36	157
Very liberal	61	10	29	120
voter registration status
Yes	37	24	40	790
No	19	32	49	205

J3: Expanded rights - gun owners

[Gun owners] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	38	28	33	473
Female	32	31	37	510
Another gender	70	4	27	14
age
18-29	40	26	33	180
30-44	30	34	36	257
45-59	29	33	37	236
60+	41	25	33	326
education
Less than HS	47	34	19	86
HS graduate	31	30	38	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	28	38	34	269
Bachelor's degree	43	23	34	165
Post grad study/professional degree	43	21	37	181
income
Less than $30k	35	36	29	261
$30k to less than $50k	30	32	38	153
$50k to less than $75k	42	22	36	177
$75k to less than $100k	31	30	39	131
$100k or more	37	27	36	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	18	40	41	401
Independent	35	36	30	172
Democrat	53	17	31	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	17	38	44	296
Independent	34	34	33	400
Democrat	56	15	29	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	17	38	44	296
Lean Republican	20	46	34	105
Independent	35	36	30	172
Lean Democrat	44	20	35	123
Democrat	56	15	29	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	16	36	47	185
Weak Republican	20	42	38	111
Lean Republican	20	46	34	105
Independent	35	36	30	172
Lean Democrat	44	20	35	123
Weak Democrat	48	22	31	123
Strong Democrat	61	11	28	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	39	32	29	222
Single, living with a partner	37	34	29	128
Married	34	28	38	488
Separated	35	31	33	29
Widowed	22	27	52	32
Divorced	39	27	34	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	31	31	38	609
Black Non-Hispanic	49	16	35	114
Hispanic	40	37	23	174
Other	41	18	41	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	39	16	41	71
Once a week	31	31	38	184
Once or twice a month	26	50	24	88
A few times a year	36	33	31	128
Seldom	33	26	42	221
Never	42	27	31	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	26	33	41	191
Mainline Protestant	33	27	39	114
Roman Catholic	34	33	33	214
No religion	43	29	28	311
Other religion	36	22	40	163
ideology
Very conservative	22	33	42	123
Somewhat conservative	18	40	42	226
Moderate	35	33	32	366
Somewhat liberal	51	15	34	157
Very liberal	63	17	21	120
voter registration status
Yes	37	27	36	790
No	30	39	31	205

J4: Expanded rights - abortion seekers

[Those seeking an abortion] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	9	69	21	473
Female	12	74	14	510
Another gender	0	100	0	14
age
18-29	12	76	13	180
30-44	8	74	18	257
45-59	13	67	19	236
60+	10	71	18	326
education
Less than HS	20	58	22	86
HS graduate	10	69	19	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	14	71	15	269
Bachelor's degree	7	77	16	165
Post grad study/professional degree	6	79	15	181
income
Less than $30k	13	69	17	261
$30k to less than $50k	15	67	18	153
$50k to less than $75k	10	82	7	177
$75k to less than $100k	10	70	20	131
$100k or more	6	71	23	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	15	56	28	401
Independent	9	65	25	172
Democrat	7	89	4	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	15	56	28	296
Independent	10	70	20	400
Democrat	6	89	4	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	15	56	28	296
Lean Republican	14	57	29	105
Independent	9	65	25	172
Lean Democrat	9	87	4	123
Democrat	6	89	4	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	16	51	31	185
Weak Republican	14	62	23	111
Lean Republican	14	57	29	105
Independent	9	65	25	172
Lean Democrat	9	87	4	123
Weak Democrat	8	87	5	123
Strong Democrat	5	91	3	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	8	79	13	222
Single, living with a partner	7	74	19	128
Married	11	69	20	488
Separated	31	67	2	29
Widowed	5	77	18	32
Divorced	17	65	17	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	10	69	20	609
Black Non-Hispanic	10	76	13	114
Hispanic	13	76	12	174
Other	11	75	13	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	67	15	71
Once a week	13	61	25	184
Once or twice a month	21	60	19	88
A few times a year	11	74	15	128
Seldom	9	75	15	221
Never	6	79	15	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	14	58	27	191
Mainline Protestant	16	66	18	114
Roman Catholic	11	72	18	214
No religion	4	82	14	311
Other religion	13	73	12	163
ideology
Very conservative	18	41	39	123
Somewhat conservative	12	62	26	226
Moderate	12	74	14	366
Somewhat liberal	3	94	3	157
Very liberal	6	88	5	120
voter registration status
Yes	11	73	16	790
No	9	67	23	205

J5: Expanded rights - minority voting rights

[Voting rights of racial or ethnic minorities] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	29	29	41	473
Female	30	22	48	510
Another gender	19	42	39	14
age
18-29	25	23	52	180
30-44	27	29	44	257
45-59	37	20	43	236
60+	29	29	41	326
education
Less than HS	26	22	52	86
HS graduate	28	23	47	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	30	24	46	269
Bachelor's degree	38	28	35	165
Post grad study/professional degree	26	33	41	181
income
Less than $30k	24	27	49	261
$30k to less than $50k	28	26	47	153
$50k to less than $75k	31	25	43	177
$75k to less than $100k	31	24	44	131
$100k or more	34	27	39	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	39	7	53	401
Independent	23	17	59	172
Democrat	23	48	29	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	41	7	50	296
Independent	25	23	52	400
Democrat	24	49	27	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	41	7	50	296
Lean Republican	33	5	62	105
Independent	23	17	59	172
Lean Democrat	19	46	35	123
Democrat	24	49	27	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	40	4	55	185
Weak Republican	45	12	42	111
Lean Republican	33	5	62	105
Independent	23	17	59	172
Lean Democrat	19	46	35	123
Weak Democrat	28	38	34	123
Strong Democrat	22	56	23	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	27	31	42	222
Single, living with a partner	24	29	47	128
Married	31	23	45	488
Separated	30	25	45	29
Widowed	31	17	52	32
Divorced	33	30	36	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	32	20	47	609
Black Non-Hispanic	18	37	45	114
Hispanic	28	31	40	174
Other	24	42	33	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	33	13	49	71
Once a week	37	20	43	184
Once or twice a month	33	30	37	88
A few times a year	32	28	40	128
Seldom	27	21	53	221
Never	24	35	41	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	36	17	47	191
Mainline Protestant	29	23	48	114
Roman Catholic	31	21	48	214
No religion	20	38	42	311
Other religion	36	23	39	163
ideology
Very conservative	35	3	59	123
Somewhat conservative	36	15	49	226
Moderate	32	24	44	366
Somewhat liberal	20	43	37	157
Very liberal	17	54	29	120
voter registration status
Yes	30	26	43	790
No	26	23	51	205

J6: Expanded rights - campaign donors

[Contributors to political campaigns] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	47	12	41	473
Female	34	16	50	510
Another gender	46	5	49	14
age
18-29	35	11	54	180
30-44	41	12	47	257
45-59	38	20	42	236
60+	43	13	43	326
education
Less than HS	35	22	43	86
HS graduate	34	10	55	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	42	12	46	269
Bachelor's degree	39	21	39	165
Post grad study/professional degree	51	13	37	181
income
Less than $30k	36	13	50	261
$30k to less than $50k	36	10	53	153
$50k to less than $75k	45	11	43	177
$75k to less than $100k	40	17	42	131
$100k or more	42	17	41	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	30	17	53	401
Independent	32	11	55	172
Democrat	53	12	35	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	29	19	52	296
Independent	40	10	50	400
Democrat	51	15	34	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	29	19	52	296
Lean Republican	32	10	57	105
Independent	32	11	55	172
Lean Democrat	57	7	36	123
Democrat	51	15	34	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	32	17	51	185
Weak Republican	24	22	53	111
Lean Republican	32	10	57	105
Independent	32	11	55	172
Lean Democrat	57	7	36	123
Weak Democrat	47	14	39	123
Strong Democrat	54	15	31	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	45	11	43	222
Single, living with a partner	29	15	56	128
Married	42	14	44	488
Separated	27	37	36	29
Widowed	21	13	62	32
Divorced	45	13	41	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	41	12	47	609
Black Non-Hispanic	35	19	47	114
Hispanic	36	15	48	174
Other	47	18	35	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	38	15	46	71
Once a week	33	19	48	184
Once or twice a month	42	25	33	88
A few times a year	46	11	42	128
Seldom	39	9	52	221
Never	42	12	45	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	32	17	51	191
Mainline Protestant	43	18	39	114
Roman Catholic	34	16	49	214
No religion	47	9	43	311
Other religion	41	14	45	163
ideology
Very conservative	34	12	55	123
Somewhat conservative	33	17	49	226
Moderate	37	18	44	366
Somewhat liberal	50	5	44	157
Very liberal	56	9	35	120
voter registration status
Yes	44	13	43	790
No	25	18	57	205

J7: overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	21	18	15	45	473
Female	17	16	16	50	510
Another gender	0	0	0	100	14
age
18-29	8	18	15	60	180
30-44	13	13	21	53	257
45-59	21	22	14	43	236
60+	27	16	13	42	326
education
Less than HS	7	31	17	45	86
HS graduate	21	18	17	43	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	20	14	18	49	269
Bachelor's degree	22	18	10	49	165
Post grad study/professional degree	15	11	15	58	181
income
Less than $30k	12	23	17	48	261
$30k to less than $50k	16	8	27	47	153
$50k to less than $75k	21	11	13	55	177
$75k to less than $100k	34	18	10	37	131
$100k or more	17	18	13	51	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	39	24	16	20	401
Independent	11	19	25	41	172
Democrat	2	8	11	78	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	41	22	15	20	296
Independent	13	17	21	47	400
Democrat	3	10	9	78	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	41	22	15	20	296
Lean Republican	31	31	20	18	105
Independent	11	19	25	41	172
Lean Democrat	1	3	16	79	123
Democrat	3	10	9	78	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	54	20	11	12	185
Weak Republican	19	25	22	33	111
Lean Republican	31	31	20	18	105
Independent	11	19	25	41	172
Lean Democrat	1	3	16	79	123
Weak Democrat	3	12	15	70	123
Strong Democrat	2	9	6	83	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	9	13	17	61	222
Single, living with a partner	8	21	23	48	128
Married	26	17	13	42	488
Separated	15	23	14	48	29
Widowed	25	15	18	43	32
Divorced	14	17	15	52	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	24	17	14	44	609
Black Non-Hispanic	4	13	25	54	114
Hispanic	10	18	17	54	174
Other	11	12	13	63	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	40	12	19	18	71
Once a week	42	20	16	22	184
Once or twice a month	11	36	23	30	88
A few times a year	13	21	12	54	128
Seldom	15	13	17	55	221
Never	7	11	13	70	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	48	17	11	24	191
Mainline Protestant	10	21	23	45	114
Roman Catholic	18	20	16	45	214
No religion	8	11	14	67	311
Other religion	11	18	17	48	163
ideology
Very conservative	71	11	4	11	123
Somewhat conservative	28	32	21	19	226
Moderate	7	18	23	52	366
Somewhat liberal	1	5	10	84	157
Very liberal	6	3	3	88	120
voter registration status
Yes	21	15	14	49	790
No	8	23	21	45	205

J8: same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	40	24	12	23	473
Female	43	24	12	20	510
Another gender	100	0	0	0	14
age
18-29	61	23	6	10	180
30-44	54	24	12	11	257
45-59	31	28	13	27	236
60+	32	21	15	31	326
education
Less than HS	34	37	6	23	86
HS graduate	39	23	15	24	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	40	23	14	23	269
Bachelor's degree	43	25	12	19	165
Post grad study/professional degree	58	20	8	14	181
income
Less than $30k	42	29	13	17	261
$30k to less than $50k	41	21	12	25	153
$50k to less than $75k	48	21	10	21	177
$75k to less than $100k	34	18	14	31	131
$100k or more	46	26	12	16	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	24	18	38	401
Independent	36	39	12	13	172
Democrat	68	17	7	8	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	17	22	18	43	296
Independent	42	31	12	14	400
Democrat	69	17	6	8	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	17	22	18	43	296
Lean Republican	26	32	17	25	105
Independent	36	39	12	13	172
Lean Democrat	65	18	9	8	123
Democrat	69	17	6	8	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	11	20	15	54	185
Weak Republican	27	24	22	24	111
Lean Republican	26	32	17	25	105
Independent	36	39	12	13	172
Lean Democrat	65	18	9	8	123
Weak Democrat	64	20	8	8	123
Strong Democrat	72	15	5	8	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	59	26	7	8	222
Single, living with a partner	55	29	7	9	128
Married	36	22	14	28	488
Separated	28	26	21	25	29
Widowed	29	24	14	28	32
Divorced	34	24	17	25	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	41	23	12	24	609
Black Non-Hispanic	29	30	19	21	114
Hispanic	49	29	9	12	174
Other	65	12	6	12	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	7	11	23	59	71
Once a week	18	25	18	37	184
Once or twice a month	26	32	20	22	88
A few times a year	39	34	8	19	128
Seldom	49	22	12	17	221
Never	68	21	5	6	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	15	19	17	48	191
Mainline Protestant	41	26	17	15	114
Roman Catholic	36	30	16	18	214
No religion	65	23	5	7	311
Other religion	41	23	11	24	163
ideology
Very conservative	7	12	11	70	123
Somewhat conservative	17	31	22	28	226
Moderate	43	32	13	11	366
Somewhat liberal	76	17	3	4	157
Very liberal	86	6	4	3	120
voter registration status
Yes	44	21	11	22	790
No	37	33	14	15	205

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
	Legal in all cases	Legal in most cases	Illegal in most cases	Illegal in all cases	n
sex
Male	25	38	30	7	473
Female	26	37	28	9	510
Another gender	57	43	0	0	14
age
18-29	36	33	24	8	180
30-44	33	40	21	6	257
45-59	20	43	27	9	236
60+	19	34	37	9	326
education
Less than HS	16	35	32	16	86
HS graduate	25	34	32	9	296
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	24	40	29	6	269
Bachelor's degree	29	34	28	9	165
Post grad study/professional degree	30	45	18	6	181
income
Less than $30k	28	35	28	8	261
$30k to less than $50k	27	36	28	9	153
$50k to less than $75k	31	34	23	12	177
$75k to less than $100k	20	33	37	10	131
$100k or more	23	46	26	5	275
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	7	30	50	13	401
Independent	21	46	24	10	172
Democrat	46	42	9	3	426
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	6	29	49	16	296
Independent	24	43	26	7	400
Democrat	48	39	11	3	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	6	29	49	16	296
Lean Republican	8	33	54	6	105
Independent	21	46	24	10	172
Lean Democrat	43	49	5	3	123
Democrat	48	39	11	3	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	4	20	58	19	185
Weak Republican	10	43	36	11	111
Lean Republican	8	33	54	6	105
Independent	21	46	24	10	172
Lean Democrat	43	49	5	3	123
Weak Democrat	34	49	15	2	123
Strong Democrat	57	32	8	3	180
marital status
Single, that is never married	40	38	16	7	222
Single, living with a partner	31	39	26	4	128
Married	19	36	35	9	488
Separated	21	44	21	14	29
Widowed	15	43	29	10	32
Divorced	25	40	25	10	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	24	33	34	9	609
Black Non-Hispanic	25	51	16	8	114
Hispanic	29	43	22	6	174
Other	39	42	18	2	87
religious service attendance
More than once a week	8	16	47	29	71
Once a week	7	28	48	17	184
Once or twice a month	7	43	42	8	88
A few times a year	27	41	31	2	128
Seldom	24	47	25	4	221
Never	48	39	9	4	308
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	12	21	50	17	191
Mainline Protestant	18	49	28	5	114
Roman Catholic	17	41	32	10	214
No religion	44	40	14	2	311
Other religion	25	40	25	10	163
ideology
Very conservative	2	9	59	29	123
Somewhat conservative	6	34	53	8	226
Moderate	22	56	20	2	366
Somewhat liberal	48	43	4	5	157
Very liberal	73	15	7	6	120
voter registration status
Yes	26	38	29	7	790
No	25	36	26	13	205