Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll January 9-20, 2023

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most of the time 387 39 39 39
Some of the time 361 36 36 75
Only now and then 170 17 17 92
Hardly at all 83 8 8 100

A2: vote or not

Did you vote in the elections for state and national offices on November 8?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 706 71 71 71
No 294 29 29 100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 108 11 11 11
Somewhat approve 323 32 32 43
Somewhat disapprove 201 20 20 63
Strongly disapprove 363 36 36 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 431 43 43 43
Disapprove 564 56 56 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 72 7 7 7
Somewhat approve 398 40 40 47
Somewhat disapprove 328 33 33 80
Strongly disapprove 199 20 20 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 470 47 47 47
Disapprove 527 53 53 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 23 2 2 2
Somewhat approve 297 30 30 32
Somewhat disapprove 415 42 42 73
Strongly disapprove 261 26 26 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 320 32 32 32
Disapprove 676 68 68 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B4: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 413 41 41 41
Unfavorable opinion 544 54 54 96
Haven't heard enough 40 4 4 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B5: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 338 34 34 34
Unfavorable opinion 625 63 63 96
Haven't heard enough 34 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 336 34 34 34
Unfavorable opinion 483 48 48 82
Haven't heard enough 178 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B7: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 332 33 33 33
Unfavorable opinion 397 40 40 73
Haven't heard enough 265 27 27 99
Web blank 5 1 1 100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Kemp

[Brian Kemp] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 124 12 12 12
Unfavorable opinion 195 19 19 32
Haven't heard enough 678 68 68 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Abbot

[Greg Abbott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 206 21 21 21
Unfavorable opinion 299 30 30 50
Haven't heard enough 491 49 49 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 324 32 32 32
Unfavorable opinion 538 54 54 86
Haven't heard enough 134 13 13 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B11: Fav/Unfav: Whitmer

[Gretchen Whitmer] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 176 18 18 18
Unfavorable opinion 241 24 24 42
Haven't heard enough 579 58 58 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Buttigieg

[Pete Buttigieg] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 253 25 25 25
Unfavorable opinion 318 32 32 57
Haven't heard enough 425 43 43 100
Web blank 3 0 0 100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Sanders

[Bernie Sanders] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 420 42 42 42
Unfavorable opinion 435 43 43 85
Haven't heard enough 142 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B14: Fav/Unfav: McCarthy

[Kevin McCarthy] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 185 19 19 19
Unfavorable opinion 418 42 42 60
Haven't heard enough 394 39 39 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B15: Fav/Unfav: Pelosi

[Nancy Pelosi] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 308 31 31 31
Unfavorable opinion 572 57 57 88
Haven't heard enough 116 12 12 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 79 8 8 8
Quite a lot 231 23 23 31
Some 378 38 38 69
Very little 226 23 23 91
None at all 86 9 9 100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 43 4 4 4
Quite a lot 86 9 9 13
Some 432 43 43 56
Very little 327 33 33 89
None at all 111 11 11 100

C3: Confidence in the Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 88 9 9 9
Quite a lot 173 17 17 26
Some 303 30 30 56
Very little 266 27 27 83
None at all 166 17 17 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

C4: Confidence in State Supreme Court

[Your state Supreme Court or highest court in your state] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 68 7 7 7
Quite a lot 240 24 24 31
Some 442 44 44 75
Very little 183 18 18 93
None at all 66 7 7 100

C5: Confidence in state legislature

[Your state legislature] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 73 7 7 7
Quite a lot 179 18 18 25
Some 459 46 46 71
Very little 200 20 20 91
None at all 89 9 9 100

C6: Confidence in the Police

[The police] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 168 17 17 17
Quite a lot 330 33 33 50
Some 290 29 29 79
Very little 132 13 13 92
None at all 79 8 8 100

C7: Confidence in the FBI

[The FBI] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 122 12 12 12
Quite a lot 273 27 27 39
Some 324 32 32 72
Very little 167 17 17 89
None at all 113 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

C8: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 42 4 4 4
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 183 18 18 23
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents 411 41 41 64
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents 359 36 36 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

C9: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics 487 49 49 49
Mainly the law 513 51 51 100

C10: consider public opinion

Should justices of the Supreme Court consider public opinion about a case when making decisions or should they ignore public opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Should consider public opinion 555 56 56 56
Should ignore public opinion 444 44 44 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C11: consider precedent

Should justices of the Supreme Court follow previous decisions whenever possible or should the Court overturn previous decisions if a majority of the Court believes the case was wrongly decided?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Follow previous decisions 281 28 28 28
Overturn if a majority think it was wrongly decided 718 72 72 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C12: heard about Russia/Ukraine

[The Russian invasion of Ukraine] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 692 69 69 69
A little 264 26 26 96
Nothing at all 43 4 4 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

C13: Heard about final Jan. 6th report

[The final report of the House Select Committee on January 6th] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 305 30 30 30
A little 447 45 45 75
Nothing at all 248 25 25 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C14: Heard about new Speaker

[The election of a new Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 527 53 53 53
A little 289 29 29 82
Nothing at all 184 18 18 100

C15: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 170 17 17 17
A little 470 47 47 64
Nothing at all 360 36 36 100

C16: Heard about independent legislature case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the powers of state legislatures to set the rules for federal elections for congress and president] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 160 16 16 16
A little 460 46 46 62
Nothing at all 380 38 38 100

C17: Heard about Zelenskyy’s speach

[Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s speech to a joint session of the U.S. Congress] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 315 32 32 32
A little 434 43 43 75
Nothing at all 251 25 25 100

C18: Republican majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 78 8 8 8
Somewhat approve 343 34 34 42
Somewhat disapprove 299 30 30 72
Strongly disapprove 268 27 27 99
Skipped/Ref 12 1 1 100

C18: Republican majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 421 42 42 42
Disapprove 567 57 57 99
Skipped/Ref 12 1 1 100

C19: Democratic majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 87 9 9 9
Somewhat approve 340 34 34 43
Somewhat disapprove 292 29 29 72
Strongly disapprove 272 27 27 99
Skipped/Ref 9 1 1 100

C19: Democratic majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 427 43 43 43
Disapprove 564 56 56 99
Skipped/Ref 9 1 1 100

C20: Can House Reps unite

Do you think the Republicans in the House of Representatives can unite to govern effectively, or were the divisions over the election of a Speaker of the House an indication that they cannot unite to govern effectively?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Can unite 411 41 41 41
Cannot unite 585 58 58 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 221 22 22 22
Somewhat conservative 367 37 37 59
Moderate 308 31 31 90
Somewhat liberal 80 8 8 98
Very liberal 19 2 2 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 33 3 3 3
Somewhat conservative 101 10 10 13
Moderate 260 26 26 40
Somewhat liberal 253 25 25 65
Very liberal 347 35 35 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 476 48 48 48
Somewhat conservative 296 30 30 77
Moderate 124 12 12 90
Somewhat liberal 44 4 4 94
Very liberal 55 5 5 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

D4: Democratic party ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 22 2 2 2
Somewhat conservative 83 8 8 11
Moderate 209 21 21 31
Somewhat liberal 295 29 29 61
Very liberal 386 39 39 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

D5: Republican party ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 405 40 40 40
Somewhat conservative 377 38 38 78
Moderate 150 15 15 93
Somewhat liberal 49 5 5 98
Very liberal 14 1 1 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 199 20 20 20
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 290 29 29 49
Favor 349 35 35 84
Oppose 162 16 16 100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 349 35 68 68
Oppose 162 16 32 100
(Missing) 490 49 NA NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 212 21 21 21
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 213 21 21 43
Heard of and favor the decision 245 24 24 67
Heard of and oppose the decision 328 33 33 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 245 24 43 43
Heard of and oppose the decision 328 33 57 100
(Missing) 427 43 NA NA

H3: Independent legislature theory

[Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 354 35 35 35
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 336 34 34 69
Heard of and favor the decision 87 9 9 78
Heard of and oppose the decision 224 22 22 100

H3: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 87 9 28 28
Heard of and oppose the decision 224 22 72 100
(Missing) 690 69 NA NA

J1: Expanded rights - LGBT

[Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 636 64 64 64
Reduced rights 169 17 17 81
Has not changed much either way 193 19 19 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J2: Expanded rights - religious people/orgs

[Religious people and organizations] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 329 33 33 33
Reduced rights 256 26 26 58
Has not changed much either way 415 42 42 100

J3: Expanded rights - gun owners

[Gun owners] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 356 36 36 36
Reduced rights 294 29 29 65
Has not changed much either way 347 35 35 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

J4: Expanded rights - abortion seekers

[Those seeking an abortion] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 106 11 11 11
Reduced rights 716 72 72 82
Has not changed much either way 174 17 17 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

J5: Expanded rights - minority voting rights

[Voting rights of racial or ethnic minorities] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 295 29 29 29
Reduced rights 259 26 26 55
Has not changed much either way 441 44 44 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

J6: Expanded rights - campaign donors

[Contributors to political campaigns] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 401 40 40 40
Reduced rights 139 14 14 54
Has not changed much either way 456 46 46 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

J7: overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 185 18 18 18
Somewhat favor 166 17 17 35
Somewhat oppose 156 16 16 51
Strongly oppose 484 48 48 99
Skipped/Ref 9 1 1 100

J8: same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 427 43 43 43
Somewhat favor 238 24 24 67
Somewhat oppose 120 12 12 79
Strongly oppose 209 21 21 100
Skipped/Ref 5 0 0 100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases 259 26 26 26
Legal in most cases 377 38 38 64
Illegal in most cases 282 28 28 92
Illegal in all cases 82 8 8 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P1: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Too much support 290 29 29 29
Not enough support 241 24 24 53
About the right amount of support 462 46 46 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

P2: Importance of Russia-Ukraine ward

How much do you think what happens in the Russia-Ukraine conflict matters to life in the United States?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 306 31 31 31
Some 470 47 47 78
Not much 157 16 16 93
Not at all 65 7 7 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P3: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs 585 59 59 59
Stay out of world affairs 407 41 41 99
Skipped/Ref 8 1 1 100

P4: Confidence in 2022 election

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for state and national offices were accurately cast and counted in the elections in November 2022?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very confident 353 35 35 35
Somewhat confident 304 30 30 66
Not too confident 226 23 23 88
Not at all confident 112 11 11 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

P5: Confidence in 2020 election

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very confident 367 37 37 37
Somewhat confident 225 22 22 59
Not too confident 220 22 22 81
Not at all confident 178 18 18 99
Skipped/Ref 10 1 1 100

P6: Donald Trump 2024

Would you like to see Donald Trump run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 293 29 29 29
No 698 70 70 99
Skipped/Ref 9 1 1 100

P7: Ron DeSantis 2024

Would you like to see Ron DeSantis run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 347 35 35 35
No 639 64 64 99
Skipped/Ref 15 1 1 100

P8: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 339 34 34 34
Ron DeSantis 648 65 65 99
Skipped/Ref 13 1 1 100

P9: Joe Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 308 31 31 31
No 686 69 69 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

P10: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 390 39 39 39
Joe Biden 381 38 38 77
Someone else 152 15 15 92
Wouldn't vote 77 8 8 100

P11: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 413 41 41 41
Joe Biden 356 36 36 77
Someone else 129 13 13 90
Wouldn't vote 100 10 10 100
Web blank 2 0 0 100

P12: Trump classified documents

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago this summer?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 707 71 71 71
No 286 29 29 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

P13: Trump Jan. 6th responsibility

How much responsibility, if any, should Donald Trump bear for the violence of some of his supporters in the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 466 47 47 47
A little 218 22 22 68
None at all 311 31 31 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

P14: Jan. 6th committee evidence

Has the House Select Committee on January 6th presented convincing evidence that Donald Trump sought to prevent or delay certification of the results of the 2020 presidential election or has the evidence not been convincing?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Has been convincing 517 52 52 52
Has not been convincing 478 48 48 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

P15: Fav/Unfav - Black Lives Matter Movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 383 38 38 38
Unfavorable opinion 465 46 46 85
Haven't heard enough 148 15 15 100
Skipped/Ref 5 0 0 100

P16: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A very big problem 356 36 36 36
A moderately big problem 349 35 35 71
A small problem 234 23 23 94
Not a problem at all 57 6 6 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Just about always 14 1 1 1
Most of the time 203 20 20 22
Only some of the time 615 61 61 83
Never 162 16 16 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted 572 57 57 57
Most people can't be trusted 428 43 43 100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 1000 100 100 100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 296 30 30 30
Democrat 302 30 30 60
Independent 257 26 26 86
Other/No preference 143 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strong 365 36 61 61
Not very strong 233 23 39 100
(Missing) 402 40 NA NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 105 11 26 26
Democratic 123 12 31 57
Neither 172 17 43 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100
(Missing) 599 60 NA NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
More than once a week 71 7 7 7
Once a week 184 18 18 25
Once or twice a month 88 9 9 34
A few times a year 128 13 13 47
Seldom 221 22 22 69
Never 308 31 31 100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, would 271 27 27 27
No, would not 729 73 73 100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 123 12 12 12
Somewhat conservative 226 23 23 35
Moderate 366 37 37 71
Somewhat liberal 157 16 16 87
Very liberal 120 12 12 99
Skipped/Ref 8 1 1 100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day 70 7 7 7
A few times a week 256 26 26 33
A few times a month 300 30 30 63
Once a month 90 9 9 72
Less than once a month 179 18 18 89
Not at all 105 11 11 100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 294 29 29 29
No 706 71 71 100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 296 30 30 30
Lean Republican 105 11 11 40
Independent 172 17 17 57
Lean Democrat 123 12 12 70
Democrat 302 30 30 100
Refused 1 0 0 100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 401 40 40 40
Independent 172 17 17 57
Democrat 426 43 43 100
Refused 1 0 0 100

gender

sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 473 47 47 47
Female 510 51 51 98
Another gender 14 1 1 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

age

age, 4 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18-29 180 18 18 18
30-44 257 26 26 44
45-59 236 24 24 67
60+ 326 33 33 100

education

education - 5 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than HS 86 9 9 9
HS graduate 296 30 30 38
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates 269 27 27 65
Bachelor's degree 165 17 17 82
Post grad study/professional degree 181 18 18 100
(Missing) 2 0 NA NA

income

income recode
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k 261 26 26 26
$30k to less than $50k 153 15 15 41
$50k to less than $75k 177 18 18 59
$75k to less than $100k 131 13 13 72
$100k or more 275 27 27 100
DK/NA/Ref 3 0 0 100

marital status

marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Married 488 49 49 49
Widowed 32 3 3 52
Divorced 101 10 10 62
Separated 29 3 3 65
Single, never married 222 22 22 87
Single, cohabitating 128 13 13 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
White 609 61 61 61
Black 114 11 11 72
Hispanic 174 17 17 90
Other/Multiple 87 9 9 98
Skipped/Ref 16 2 2 100

religious affiliation

religious identification
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant 191 19 19 19
Mainline Protestant 114 11 11 31
Roman Catholic 214 21 21 52
No religion 311 31 31 83
Other religion 163 16 16 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100