Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll January 9-20, 2023

Registered voters only

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among registered voters only are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most of the time 352 44 44 44
Some of the time 288 36 36 81
Only now and then 113 14 14 95
Hardly at all 38 5 5 100

A2: vote or not

Did you vote in the elections for state and national offices on November 8?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 669 85 85 85
No 121 15 15 100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 94 12 12 12
Somewhat approve 256 32 32 44
Somewhat disapprove 128 16 16 60
Strongly disapprove 312 40 40 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 349 44 44 44
Disapprove 440 56 56 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 66 8 8 8
Somewhat approve 310 39 39 48
Somewhat disapprove 253 32 32 80
Strongly disapprove 161 20 20 100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 376 48 48 48
Disapprove 414 52 52 100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 17 2 2 2
Somewhat approve 225 29 29 31
Somewhat disapprove 328 42 42 72
Strongly disapprove 219 28 28 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 242 31 31 31
Disapprove 547 69 69 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B4: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 342 43 43 43
Unfavorable opinion 429 54 54 98
Haven't heard enough 19 2 2 100

B5: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 281 36 36 36
Unfavorable opinion 490 62 62 98
Haven't heard enough 19 2 2 100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 291 37 37 37
Unfavorable opinion 392 50 50 86
Haven't heard enough 107 14 14 100

B7: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 289 37 37 37
Unfavorable opinion 327 41 41 78
Haven't heard enough 173 22 22 100
Web blank 2 0 0 100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Kemp

[Brian Kemp] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 110 14 14 14
Unfavorable opinion 157 20 20 34
Haven't heard enough 523 66 66 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Abbot

[Greg Abbott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 179 23 23 23
Unfavorable opinion 246 31 31 54
Haven't heard enough 364 46 46 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 275 35 35 35
Unfavorable opinion 440 56 56 91
Haven't heard enough 74 9 9 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B11: Fav/Unfav: Whitmer

[Gretchen Whitmer] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 154 19 19 19
Unfavorable opinion 212 27 27 46
Haven't heard enough 424 54 54 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Buttigieg

[Pete Buttigieg] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 227 29 29 29
Unfavorable opinion 273 34 34 63
Haven't heard enough 290 37 37 100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Sanders

[Bernie Sanders] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 338 43 43 43
Unfavorable opinion 364 46 46 89
Haven't heard enough 89 11 11 100

B14: Fav/Unfav: McCarthy

[Kevin McCarthy] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 167 21 21 21
Unfavorable opinion 355 45 45 66
Haven't heard enough 268 34 34 100

B15: Fav/Unfav: Pelosi

[Nancy Pelosi] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 263 33 33 33
Unfavorable opinion 464 59 59 92
Haven't heard enough 63 8 8 100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 66 8 8 8
Quite a lot 203 26 26 34
Some 283 36 36 70
Very little 180 23 23 93
None at all 58 7 7 100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 32 4 4 4
Quite a lot 76 10 10 14
Some 334 42 42 56
Very little 267 34 34 90
None at all 80 10 10 100

C3: Confidence in the Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 75 10 10 10
Quite a lot 155 20 20 29
Some 230 29 29 58
Very little 189 24 24 82
None at all 140 18 18 100

C4: Confidence in State Supreme Court

[Your state Supreme Court or highest court in your state] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 60 8 8 8
Quite a lot 217 27 27 35
Some 338 43 43 78
Very little 136 17 17 95
None at all 40 5 5 100

C5: Confidence in state legislature

[Your state legislature] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 62 8 8 8
Quite a lot 153 19 19 27
Some 354 45 45 72
Very little 160 20 20 92
None at all 61 8 8 100

C6: Confidence in the Police

[The police] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 145 18 18 18
Quite a lot 284 36 36 54
Some 214 27 27 81
Very little 96 12 12 93
None at all 51 7 7 100

C7: Confidence in the FBI

[The FBI] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 103 13 13 13
Quite a lot 229 29 29 42
Some 245 31 31 73
Very little 122 15 15 89
None at all 91 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

C8: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 22 3 3 3
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 137 17 17 20
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents 317 40 40 60
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents 309 39 39 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

C9: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics 381 48 48 48
Mainly the law 409 52 52 100

C10: consider public opinion

Should justices of the Supreme Court consider public opinion about a case when making decisions or should they ignore public opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Should consider public opinion 407 51 51 51
Should ignore public opinion 383 48 48 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C11: consider precedent

Should justices of the Supreme Court follow previous decisions whenever possible or should the Court overturn previous decisions if a majority of the Court believes the case was wrongly decided?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Follow previous decisions 227 29 29 29
Overturn if a majority think it was wrongly decided 563 71 71 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C12: heard about Russia/Ukraine

[The Russian invasion of Ukraine] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 587 74 74 74
A little 182 23 23 97
Nothing at all 19 2 2 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

C13: Heard about final Jan. 6th report

[The final report of the House Select Committee on January 6th] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 269 34 34 34
A little 362 46 46 80
Nothing at all 159 20 20 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C14: Heard about new Speaker

[The election of a new Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 460 58 58 58
A little 228 29 29 87
Nothing at all 102 13 13 100

C15: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 148 19 19 19
A little 387 49 49 68
Nothing at all 256 32 32 100

C16: Heard about independent legislature case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the powers of state legislatures to set the rules for federal elections for congress and president] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 140 18 18 18
A little 388 49 49 67
Nothing at all 263 33 33 100

C17: Heard about Zelenskyy’s speach

[Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s speech to a joint session of the U.S. Congress] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 279 35 35 35
A little 352 45 45 80
Nothing at all 159 20 20 100

C18: Republican majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 68 9 9 9
Somewhat approve 273 35 35 43
Somewhat disapprove 215 27 27 70
Strongly disapprove 232 29 29 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

C18: Republican majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 341 43 43 43
Disapprove 447 57 57 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

C19: Democratic majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 76 10 10 10
Somewhat approve 275 35 35 44
Somewhat disapprove 203 26 26 70
Strongly disapprove 235 30 30 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C19: Democratic majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 351 44 44 44
Disapprove 438 55 55 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C20: Can House Reps unite

Do you think the Republicans in the House of Representatives can unite to govern effectively, or were the divisions over the election of a Speaker of the House an indication that they cannot unite to govern effectively?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Can unite 331 42 42 42
Cannot unite 458 58 58 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 168 21 21 21
Somewhat conservative 314 40 40 61
Moderate 231 29 29 90
Somewhat liberal 64 8 8 98
Very liberal 12 2 2 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 21 3 3 3
Somewhat conservative 56 7 7 10
Moderate 205 26 26 36
Somewhat liberal 202 26 26 61
Very liberal 304 38 38 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 399 50 50 50
Somewhat conservative 246 31 31 82
Moderate 93 12 12 93
Somewhat liberal 20 3 3 96
Very liberal 31 4 4 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D4: Democratic party ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 15 2 2 2
Somewhat conservative 56 7 7 9
Moderate 170 22 22 30
Somewhat liberal 217 27 27 58
Very liberal 331 42 42 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D5: Republican party ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 325 41 41 41
Somewhat conservative 310 39 39 80
Moderate 110 14 14 94
Somewhat liberal 33 4 4 99
Very liberal 10 1 1 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 133 17 17 17
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 230 29 29 46
Favor 292 37 37 83
Oppose 134 17 17 100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 292 37 69 69
Oppose 134 17 31 100
(Missing) 364 46 NA NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 135 17 17 17
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 169 21 21 39
Heard of and favor the decision 210 27 27 65
Heard of and oppose the decision 275 35 35 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 210 27 43 43
Heard of and oppose the decision 275 35 57 100
(Missing) 305 39 NA NA

H3: Independent legislature theory

[Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 245 31 31 31
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 268 34 34 65
Heard of and favor the decision 82 10 10 75
Heard of and oppose the decision 195 25 25 100

H3: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that under the Constitution, the state legislatures have the power to regulate federal elections and are not subject to review by state courts.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 82 10 30 30
Heard of and oppose the decision 195 25 70 100
(Missing) 513 65 NA NA

J1: Expanded rights - LGBT

[Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 516 65 65 65
Reduced rights 135 17 17 82
Has not changed much either way 138 17 17 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J2: Expanded rights - religious people/orgs

[Religious people and organizations] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 289 37 37 37
Reduced rights 189 24 24 60
Has not changed much either way 313 40 40 100

J3: Expanded rights - gun owners

[Gun owners] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 290 37 37 37
Reduced rights 213 27 27 64
Has not changed much either way 284 36 36 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

J4: Expanded rights - abortion seekers

[Those seeking an abortion] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 86 11 11 11
Reduced rights 573 73 73 84
Has not changed much either way 126 16 16 99
Skipped/Ref 4 1 1 100

J5: Expanded rights - minority voting rights

[Voting rights of racial or ethnic minorities] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 240 30 30 30
Reduced rights 209 26 26 57
Has not changed much either way 337 43 43 99
Skipped/Ref 4 1 1 100

J6: Expanded rights - campaign donors

[Contributors to political campaigns] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 346 44 44 44
Reduced rights 102 13 13 57
Has not changed much either way 339 43 43 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

J7: overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 166 21 21 21
Somewhat favor 119 15 15 36
Somewhat oppose 110 14 14 50
Strongly oppose 391 49 49 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

J8: same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 350 44 44 44
Somewhat favor 168 21 21 66
Somewhat oppose 90 11 11 77
Strongly oppose 178 22 22 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases 208 26 26 26
Legal in most cases 300 38 38 64
Illegal in most cases 227 29 29 93
Illegal in all cases 54 7 7 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P1: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Too much support 233 29 29 29
Not enough support 171 22 22 51
About the right amount of support 385 49 49 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P2: Importance of Russia-Ukraine ward

How much do you think what happens in the Russia-Ukraine conflict matters to life in the United States?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 248 31 31 31
Some 384 49 49 80
Not much 106 13 13 93
Not at all 52 7 7 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P3: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs 483 61 61 61
Stay out of world affairs 306 39 39 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

P4: Confidence in 2022 election

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for state and national offices were accurately cast and counted in the elections in November 2022?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very confident 306 39 39 39
Somewhat confident 225 28 28 67
Not too confident 173 22 22 89
Not at all confident 86 11 11 100

P5: Confidence in 2020 election

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very confident 320 41 41 41
Somewhat confident 165 21 21 61
Not too confident 157 20 20 81
Not at all confident 143 18 18 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

P6: Donald Trump 2024

Would you like to see Donald Trump run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 229 29 29 29
No 560 71 71 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P7: Ron DeSantis 2024

Would you like to see Ron DeSantis run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 285 36 36 36
No 500 63 63 99
Skipped/Ref 6 1 1 100

P8: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 253 32 32 32
Ron DeSantis 529 67 67 99
Skipped/Ref 8 1 1 100

P9: Joe Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 243 31 31 31
No 546 69 69 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

P10: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 317 40 40 40
Joe Biden 318 40 40 80
Someone else 132 17 17 97
Wouldn't vote 24 3 3 100

P11: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 359 45 45 45
Joe Biden 299 38 38 83
Someone else 101 13 13 96
Wouldn't vote 29 4 4 100
Web blank 2 0 0 100

P12: Trump classified documents

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago this summer?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 570 72 72 72
No 218 28 28 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

P13: Trump Jan. 6th responsibility

How much responsibility, if any, should Donald Trump bear for the violence of some of his supporters in the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 376 48 48 48
A little 164 21 21 68
None at all 249 32 32 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P14: Jan. 6th committee evidence

Has the House Select Committee on January 6th presented convincing evidence that Donald Trump sought to prevent or delay certification of the results of the 2020 presidential election or has the evidence not been convincing?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Has been convincing 413 52 52 52
Has not been convincing 375 48 48 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P15: Fav/Unfav - Black Lives Matter Movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 311 39 39 39
Unfavorable opinion 379 48 48 87
Haven't heard enough 98 12 12 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P16: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A very big problem 272 34 34 34
A moderately big problem 287 36 36 71
A small problem 181 23 23 94
Not a problem at all 46 6 6 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Just about always 5 1 1 1
Most of the time 174 22 22 23
Only some of the time 478 60 60 83
Never 133 17 17 100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted 492 62 62 62
Most people can't be trusted 298 38 38 100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 790 100 100 100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 261 33 33 33
Democrat 266 34 34 67
Independent 200 25 25 92
Other/No preference 62 8 8 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strong 332 42 63 63
Not very strong 195 25 37 100
(Missing) 263 33 NA NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 91 12 35 35
Democratic 92 12 35 70
Neither 79 10 30 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100
(Missing) 528 67 NA NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
More than once a week 52 7 7 7
Once a week 158 20 20 27
Once or twice a month 57 7 7 34
A few times a year 107 14 14 47
Seldom 193 24 24 72
Never 223 28 28 100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, would 228 29 29 29
No, would not 562 71 71 100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 116 15 15 15
Somewhat conservative 182 23 23 38
Moderate 271 34 34 72
Somewhat liberal 129 16 16 88
Very liberal 92 12 12 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day 63 8 8 8
A few times a week 209 26 26 34
A few times a month 243 31 31 65
Once a month 74 9 9 74
Less than once a month 135 17 17 92
Not at all 66 8 8 100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 240 30 30 30
No 550 70 70 100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 261 33 33 33
Lean Republican 91 12 12 45
Independent 79 10 10 54
Lean Democrat 92 12 12 66
Democrat 266 34 34 100
Refused 1 0 0 100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 352 45 45 45
Independent 79 10 10 54
Democrat 358 45 45 100
Refused 1 0 0 100

gender

sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 389 49 49 49
Female 390 49 49 99
Another gender 9 1 1 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

age

age, 4 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18-29 117 15 15 15
30-44 185 23 23 38
45-59 194 25 25 63
60+ 294 37 37 100

education

education - 5 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than HS 45 6 6 6
HS graduate 226 29 29 34
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates 222 28 28 63
Bachelor's degree 139 18 18 80
Post grad study/professional degree 156 20 20 100
(Missing) 2 0 NA NA

income

income recode
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k 165 21 21 21
$30k to less than $50k 118 15 15 36
$50k to less than $75k 149 19 19 55
$75k to less than $100k 120 15 15 70
$100k or more 235 30 30 100
DK/NA/Ref 3 0 0 100

marital status

marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Married 430 54 54 54
Widowed 30 4 4 58
Divorced 87 11 11 69
Separated 13 2 2 71
Single, never married 151 19 19 90
Single, cohabitating 79 10 10 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
White 505 64 64 64
Black 89 11 11 75
Hispanic 122 15 15 91
Other/Multiple 63 8 8 99
Skipped/Ref 11 1 1 100

religious affiliation

religious identification
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant 175 22 22 22
Mainline Protestant 92 12 12 34
Roman Catholic 164 21 21 54
No religion 236 30 30 84
Other religion 120 15 15 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100