Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll March 13-22, 2023

Court items only

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove	n
sex
Male	7	42	31	20	486
Female	5	34	36	25	508
Another gender	0	51	10	39	3
age
18-29	3	25	47	25	192
30-44	3	37	38	22	266
45-59	8	38	30	24	246
60+	10	46	23	21	299
education
Less than HS	3	46	35	17	96
HS graduate	6	45	33	16	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	4	34	40	22	263
Bachelor's degree	7	37	29	25	179
Post grad study/professional degree	10	27	27	37	172
income
Less than $30k	4	41	35	20	273
$30k to less than $50k	5	32	40	22	173
$50k to less than $75k	4	37	37	20	188
$75k to less than $100k	5	43	27	25	127
$100k or more	10	36	27	27	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	12	53	25	9	432
Independent	1	31	43	24	143
Democrat	2	24	38	36	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	13	52	26	8	307
Independent	3	36	35	26	397
Democrat	2	26	38	34	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	13	52	26	8	307
Lean Republican	9	57	22	12	125
Independent	1	31	43	24	143
Lean Democrat	0	20	40	40	129
Democrat	2	26	38	34	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	16	54	21	9	199
Weak Republican	9	48	37	6	108
Lean Republican	9	57	22	12	125
Independent	1	31	43	24	143
Lean Democrat	0	20	40	40	129
Weak Democrat	1	28	45	26	122
Strong Democrat	3	24	33	40	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	2	31	41	26	268
Single, living with a partner	5	30	47	18	102
Married	8	43	27	22	486
Separated	9	40	27	24	15
Widowed	19	47	25	9	24
Divorced	7	35	33	25	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	38	32	22	616
Black Non-Hispanic	3	37	31	27	116
Hispanic	3	33	36	28	168
Other	1	42	40	17	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	17	41	29	10	60
Once a week	14	52	23	12	183
Once or twice a month	11	49	14	26	68
A few times a year	3	43	32	22	157
Seldom	3	35	40	22	256
Never	1	25	40	34	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	10	48	28	15	243
Mainline Protestant	4	39	37	19	135
Roman Catholic	8	46	27	19	202
No religion	2	25	40	33	312
Other religion	9	32	35	23	109
ideology
Very conservative	19	55	13	13	118
Somewhat conservative	11	58	22	8	219
Moderate	2	37	42	19	402
Somewhat liberal	2	20	44	34	160
Very liberal	2	6	31	62	103
voter registration status
Yes	7	37	31	25	782
No	2	41	40	16	218

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Approve	Disapprove	n
sex
Male	49	51	486
Female	39	61	508
Another gender	51	49	3
age
18-29	28	72	192
30-44	40	60	266
45-59	45	54	246
60+	56	44	299
education
Less than HS	49	51	96
HS graduate	51	49	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	38	62	263
Bachelor's degree	44	55	179
Post grad study/professional degree	36	64	172
income
Less than $30k	45	55	273
$30k to less than $50k	38	62	173
$50k to less than $75k	42	58	188
$75k to less than $100k	48	52	127
$100k or more	46	54	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	66	34	432
Independent	32	67	143
Democrat	26	74	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	66	34	307
Independent	39	61	397
Democrat	28	72	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	66	34	307
Lean Republican	66	34	125
Independent	32	67	143
Lean Democrat	20	80	129
Democrat	28	72	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	70	30	199
Weak Republican	57	43	108
Lean Republican	66	34	125
Independent	32	67	143
Lean Democrat	20	80	129
Weak Democrat	29	71	122
Strong Democrat	27	73	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	34	66	268
Single, living with a partner	35	65	102
Married	50	49	486
Separated	49	51	15
Widowed	66	34	24
Divorced	42	58	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	46	54	616
Black Non-Hispanic	41	58	116
Hispanic	36	64	168
Other	43	57	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	58	39	60
Once a week	65	35	183
Once or twice a month	60	40	68
A few times a year	46	54	157
Seldom	38	62	256
Never	26	74	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	57	43	243
Mainline Protestant	44	56	135
Roman Catholic	54	46	202
No religion	27	73	312
Other religion	41	58	109
ideology
Very conservative	74	26	118
Somewhat conservative	69	31	219
Moderate	39	61	402
Somewhat liberal	21	79	160
Very liberal	8	92	103
voter registration status
Yes	44	56	782
No	43	57	218

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	7	26	40	19	7	486
Female	7	16	40	25	12	508
Another gender	13	0	48	13	26	3
age
18-29	6	15	43	19	17	192
30-44	4	19	42	21	14	266
45-59	8	18	40	28	6	246
60+	9	29	36	20	6	299
education
Less than HS	14	17	31	27	12	96
HS graduate	6	20	47	18	9	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	21	41	21	9	263
Bachelor's degree	4	24	35	21	15	179
Post grad study/professional degree	6	22	36	28	8	172
income
Less than $30k	8	17	38	22	14	273
$30k to less than $50k	4	22	41	23	9	173
$50k to less than $75k	8	19	46	19	9	188
$75k to less than $100k	6	25	40	20	9	127
$100k or more	7	25	35	25	8	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	9	32	45	9	5	432
Independent	4	12	41	27	16	143
Democrat	6	14	34	33	14	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	10	37	40	9	4	307
Independent	4	14	44	24	13	397
Democrat	7	14	33	33	12	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	10	37	40	9	4	307
Lean Republican	7	19	58	11	5	125
Independent	4	12	41	27	16	143
Lean Democrat	2	12	34	32	18	129
Democrat	7	14	33	33	12	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	10	36	42	8	4	199
Weak Republican	9	39	37	10	4	108
Lean Republican	7	19	58	11	5	125
Independent	4	12	41	27	16	143
Lean Democrat	2	12	34	32	18	129
Weak Democrat	7	13	33	31	14	122
Strong Democrat	7	15	34	35	9	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	8	14	44	20	14	268
Single, living with a partner	5	19	40	25	11	102
Married	6	25	40	20	8	486
Separated	9	27	33	27	5	15
Widowed	32	17	24	26	2	24
Divorced	5	23	34	29	10	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	7	23	40	22	8	616
Black Non-Hispanic	11	13	32	26	18	116
Hispanic	4	23	42	18	14	168
Other	8	17	43	25	6	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	14	29	33	15	8	60
Once a week	9	34	40	10	7	183
Once or twice a month	5	28	37	21	9	68
A few times a year	7	16	53	16	7	157
Seldom	5	17	40	27	11	256
Never	6	16	34	31	14	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	9	23	43	16	8	243
Mainline Protestant	10	15	44	22	9	135
Roman Catholic	5	32	40	16	6	202
No religion	5	17	34	29	14	312
Other religion	6	15	41	27	11	109
ideology
Very conservative	12	28	43	7	10	118
Somewhat conservative	11	34	44	8	3	219
Moderate	6	20	42	23	10	402
Somewhat liberal	3	13	37	38	8	160
Very liberal	3	5	24	39	29	103
voter registration status
Yes	7	23	38	23	9	782
No	6	16	47	18	13	218

C4: Confidence in local courts

[The courts in your community] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	9	25	44	15	7	486
Female	6	24	46	18	6	508
Another gender	13	38	0	10	39	3
age
18-29	7	18	40	23	12	192
30-44	4	20	46	20	10	266
45-59	9	21	48	17	6	246
60+	10	36	43	9	3	299
education
Less than HS	13	18	34	22	13	96
HS graduate	8	24	41	21	7	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	17	58	11	7	263
Bachelor's degree	5	30	40	16	9	179
Post grad study/professional degree	8	34	40	15	3	172
income
Less than $30k	10	19	42	21	9	273
$30k to less than $50k	6	27	39	16	12	173
$50k to less than $75k	7	18	47	22	6	188
$75k to less than $100k	4	26	53	12	6	127
$100k or more	8	33	45	10	4	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	7	31	42	13	7	432
Independent	4	17	37	25	17	143
Democrat	9	20	50	17	4	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	8	31	44	13	5	307
Independent	4	23	41	20	11	397
Democrat	11	20	49	15	4	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	8	31	44	13	5	307
Lean Republican	5	32	36	15	11	125
Independent	4	17	37	25	17	143
Lean Democrat	4	20	51	20	5	129
Democrat	11	20	49	15	4	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	10	31	40	13	6	199
Weak Republican	4	30	51	12	4	108
Lean Republican	5	32	36	15	11	125
Independent	4	17	37	25	17	143
Lean Democrat	4	20	51	20	5	129
Weak Democrat	9	17	51	18	5	122
Strong Democrat	13	23	48	13	4	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	6	16	42	26	10	268
Single, living with a partner	2	17	50	14	17	102
Married	9	30	45	12	4	486
Separated	6	35	52	2	5	15
Widowed	16	42	27	9	7	24
Divorced	9	23	45	19	5	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	29	45	13	5	616
Black Non-Hispanic	8	11	50	22	8	116
Hispanic	5	19	40	22	14	168
Other	9	24	42	17	7	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	18	29	40	5	8	60
Once a week	13	36	37	10	5	183
Once or twice a month	8	30	38	16	8	68
A few times a year	4	22	48	19	7	157
Seldom	4	22	47	20	7	256
Never	7	18	48	18	8	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	10	23	43	16	8	243
Mainline Protestant	7	25	48	15	5	135
Roman Catholic	9	37	36	13	5	202
No religion	5	17	48	21	9	312
Other religion	5	24	48	14	8	109
ideology
Very conservative	11	28	39	9	12	118
Somewhat conservative	8	33	41	14	5	219
Moderate	7	22	46	18	7	402
Somewhat liberal	7	23	50	15	5	160
Very liberal	7	15	42	27	9	103
voter registration status
Yes	8	27	44	15	6	782
No	5	13	47	24	11	218

C7: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	n
sex
Male	3	20	38	39	486
Female	5	26	45	24	508
Another gender	0	61	0	39	3
age
18-29	3	30	42	24	192
30-44	6	28	42	24	266
45-59	6	21	36	36	246
60+	0	17	45	38	299
education
Less than HS	9	35	33	23	96
HS graduate	5	29	40	25	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	2	27	37	33	263
Bachelor's degree	4	14	52	31	179
Post grad study/professional degree	0	11	43	45	172
income
Less than $30k	7	32	40	21	273
$30k to less than $50k	7	26	40	26	173
$50k to less than $75k	2	29	40	29	188
$75k to less than $100k	2	19	44	35	127
$100k or more	0	9	44	47	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	4	28	42	26	432
Independent	5	34	43	17	143
Democrat	4	15	40	41	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	4	27	41	27	307
Independent	3	28	41	28	397
Democrat	5	14	42	39	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	4	27	41	27	307
Lean Republican	2	31	44	23	125
Independent	5	34	43	17	143
Lean Democrat	1	18	36	45	129
Democrat	5	14	42	39	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	6	26	37	31	199
Weak Republican	2	30	48	20	108
Lean Republican	2	31	44	23	125
Independent	5	34	43	17	143
Lean Democrat	1	18	36	45	129
Weak Democrat	6	13	48	33	122
Strong Democrat	4	14	38	43	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	4	27	41	27	268
Single, living with a partner	8	29	37	26	102
Married	3	20	43	34	486
Separated	0	31	28	41	15
Widowed	2	19	52	26	24
Divorced	6	23	37	33	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	3	22	40	35	616
Black Non-Hispanic	7	23	42	28	116
Hispanic	7	24	46	22	168
Other	2	33	35	29	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	3	18	51	29	60
Once a week	2	26	41	30	183
Once or twice a month	8	17	52	23	68
A few times a year	1	34	43	22	157
Seldom	5	22	39	33	256
Never	4	19	38	38	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	4	26	48	23	243
Mainline Protestant	3	21	44	33	135
Roman Catholic	7	20	46	27	202
No religion	2	25	34	38	312
Other religion	6	23	34	37	109
ideology
Very conservative	7	16	41	35	118
Somewhat conservative	3	28	42	27	219
Moderate	4	28	42	25	402
Somewhat liberal	2	17	46	34	160
Very liberal	4	12	29	53	103
voter registration status
Yes	4	18	42	35	782
No	4	40	40	17	218

C8: Fav/Unfav: Alito

[Samuel Alito] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	29	36	18	17	486
Female	38	34	12	16	508
Another gender	28	0	0	72	3
age
18-29	52	30	5	13	192
30-44	40	33	10	17	266
45-59	33	40	12	15	246
60+	17	35	28	20	299
education
Less than HS	59	30	4	7	96
HS graduate	44	32	13	12	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	36	40	14	11	263
Bachelor's degree	23	39	18	20	179
Post grad study/professional degree	12	32	21	35	172
income
Less than $30k	45	37	8	10	273
$30k to less than $50k	41	30	16	13	173
$50k to less than $75k	38	34	13	15	188
$75k to less than $100k	27	35	23	16	127
$100k or more	16	37	19	28	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	33	37	24	6	432
Independent	50	32	5	13	143
Democrat	30	33	9	28	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	30	40	23	7	307
Independent	41	31	13	16	397
Democrat	29	35	8	27	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	30	40	23	7	307
Lean Republican	40	31	25	4	125
Independent	50	32	5	13	143
Lean Democrat	31	29	10	30	129
Democrat	29	35	8	27	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	25	41	28	6	199
Weak Republican	39	38	15	8	108
Lean Republican	40	31	25	4	125
Independent	50	32	5	13	143
Lean Democrat	31	29	10	30	129
Weak Democrat	37	36	7	21	122
Strong Democrat	24	35	10	32	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	43	34	8	14	268
Single, living with a partner	41	37	8	14	102
Married	27	35	19	19	486
Separated	35	37	8	20	15
Widowed	37	34	22	8	24
Divorced	34	35	17	15	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	30	36	17	17	616
Black Non-Hispanic	38	32	12	19	116
Hispanic	43	35	11	11	168
Other	38	33	9	20	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	26	30	35	10	60
Once a week	27	39	25	9	183
Once or twice a month	35	33	21	11	68
A few times a year	39	40	10	11	157
Seldom	35	37	10	18	256
Never	36	29	9	25	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	38	33	18	11	243
Mainline Protestant	43	32	10	14	135
Roman Catholic	28	44	18	10	202
No religion	33	33	10	24	312
Other religion	25	30	22	23	109
ideology
Very conservative	24	38	31	6	118
Somewhat conservative	34	38	21	7	219
Moderate	40	33	13	15	402
Somewhat liberal	30	34	7	29	160
Very liberal	28	34	3	35	103
voter registration status
Yes	28	36	17	19	782
No	54	30	6	9	218

C9: Fav/Unfav: Coney Barrett

[Amy Coney Barrett] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	23	29	25	23	486
Female	29	21	19	31	508
Another gender	28	0	51	22	3
age
18-29	38	21	10	31	192
30-44	29	25	16	30	266
45-59	31	28	20	21	246
60+	13	23	37	26	299
education
Less than HS	59	25	7	9	96
HS graduate	31	30	22	17	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	29	24	21	27	263
Bachelor's degree	17	24	25	34	179
Post grad study/professional degree	7	16	29	48	172
income
Less than $30k	44	25	10	21	273
$30k to less than $50k	30	27	23	21	173
$50k to less than $75k	27	26	24	23	188
$75k to less than $100k	13	22	34	30	127
$100k or more	11	22	27	40	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	26	26	42	6	432
Independent	45	28	7	21	143
Democrat	22	22	6	50	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	23	28	43	6	307
Independent	33	22	17	28	397
Democrat	21	24	7	47	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	23	28	43	6	307
Lean Republican	32	20	40	8	125
Independent	45	28	7	21	143
Lean Democrat	22	16	5	57	129
Democrat	21	24	7	47	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	22	26	47	5	199
Weak Republican	25	33	37	6	108
Lean Republican	32	20	40	8	125
Independent	45	28	7	21	143
Lean Democrat	22	16	5	57	129
Weak Democrat	27	29	8	36	122
Strong Democrat	18	21	7	55	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	32	23	13	32	268
Single, living with a partner	32	24	17	27	102
Married	20	25	28	26	486
Separated	32	18	34	16	15
Widowed	45	22	23	10	24
Divorced	31	26	20	23	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	23	23	29	26	616
Black Non-Hispanic	30	26	11	33	116
Hispanic	35	28	10	26	168
Other	24	31	12	33	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	26	24	38	12	60
Once a week	18	23	42	18	183
Once or twice a month	34	21	23	22	68
A few times a year	25	27	22	26	157
Seldom	30	26	17	27	256
Never	29	23	10	38	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	29	23	31	17	243
Mainline Protestant	32	29	18	21	135
Roman Catholic	24	27	30	20	202
No religion	26	24	9	41	312
Other religion	23	20	28	30	109
ideology
Very conservative	23	18	52	7	118
Somewhat conservative	25	28	41	6	219
Moderate	31	30	15	24	402
Somewhat liberal	24	18	4	54	160
Very liberal	21	13	2	64	103
voter registration status
Yes	22	23	25	30	782
No	43	31	9	17	218

C10: Fav/Unfav: Gorsuch

[Neil Gorsuch] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	28	33	22	16	486
Female	42	31	14	14	508
Another gender	78	0	0	22	3
age
18-29	49	35	6	9	192
30-44	41	32	11	16	266
45-59	39	34	18	9	246
60+	19	28	31	22	299
education
Less than HS	57	32	6	4	96
HS graduate	43	29	17	11	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	35	33	18	15	263
Bachelor's degree	33	35	16	16	179
Post grad study/professional degree	14	31	26	28	172
income
Less than $30k	48	30	11	11	273
$30k to less than $50k	34	38	13	15	173
$50k to less than $75k	39	28	19	14	188
$75k to less than $100k	30	30	20	20	127
$100k or more	22	33	26	18	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	34	32	29	5	432
Independent	54	31	6	9	143
Democrat	31	32	10	27	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	31	33	30	6	307
Independent	44	30	14	12	397
Democrat	29	33	10	28	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	31	33	30	6	307
Lean Republican	39	30	28	4	125
Independent	54	31	6	9	143
Lean Democrat	36	29	10	24	129
Democrat	29	33	10	28	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	27	30	35	8	199
Weak Republican	40	38	20	2	108
Lean Republican	39	30	28	4	125
Independent	54	31	6	9	143
Lean Democrat	36	29	10	24	129
Weak Democrat	36	36	7	21	122
Strong Democrat	24	31	12	33	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	42	34	10	15	268
Single, living with a partner	40	34	11	15	102
Married	31	30	24	15	486
Separated	29	41	16	13	15
Widowed	46	36	9	9	24
Divorced	35	27	18	19	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	32	29	22	16	616
Black Non-Hispanic	38	30	16	15	116
Hispanic	43	37	9	11	168
Other	31	47	7	15	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	35	29	31	6	60
Once a week	33	29	28	11	183
Once or twice a month	35	32	17	16	68
A few times a year	34	38	15	13	157
Seldom	36	29	19	15	256
Never	38	33	8	21	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	33	29	27	11	243
Mainline Protestant	46	30	11	13	135
Roman Catholic	31	35	18	16	202
No religion	37	33	12	18	312
Other religion	29	31	22	17	109
ideology
Very conservative	28	27	39	5	118
Somewhat conservative	35	31	27	7	219
Moderate	40	35	13	12	402
Somewhat liberal	32	31	7	30	160
Very liberal	32	25	7	35	103
voter registration status
Yes	31	31	20	18	782
No	51	37	9	3	218

C11: Fav/Unfav: Brown Jackson

[Ketanji Brown Jackson] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	24	34	24	18	486
Female	29	31	28	12	508
Another gender	28	8	13	51	3
age
18-29	46	29	18	7	192
30-44	32	27	27	14	266
45-59	23	36	27	14	246
60+	14	35	29	21	299
education
Less than HS	48	33	10	10	96
HS graduate	37	31	15	17	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	27	34	25	15	263
Bachelor's degree	16	34	36	14	179
Post grad study/professional degree	11	31	44	14	172
income
Less than $30k	39	36	14	11	273
$30k to less than $50k	35	28	19	18	173
$50k to less than $75k	27	31	26	16	188
$75k to less than $100k	17	29	33	21	127
$100k or more	14	33	40	13	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	29	34	10	27	432
Independent	44	31	11	14	143
Democrat	20	30	47	2	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	29	33	12	27	307
Independent	33	34	19	14	397
Democrat	18	29	49	4	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	29	33	12	27	307
Lean Republican	29	39	5	27	125
Independent	44	31	11	14	143
Lean Democrat	25	32	42	0	129
Democrat	18	29	49	4	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	23	34	7	35	199
Weak Republican	39	29	19	13	108
Lean Republican	29	39	5	27	125
Independent	44	31	11	14	143
Lean Democrat	25	32	42	0	129
Weak Democrat	22	37	36	6	122
Strong Democrat	15	24	59	2	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	37	27	27	10	268
Single, living with a partner	34	32	23	11	102
Married	21	34	27	19	486
Separated	37	33	21	9	15
Widowed	32	51	6	10	24
Divorced	23	35	28	14	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	27	33	22	18	616
Black Non-Hispanic	21	23	49	7	116
Hispanic	35	34	22	9	168
Other	24	35	31	10	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	19	44	12	26	60
Once a week	21	29	23	27	183
Once or twice a month	23	36	25	17	68
A few times a year	31	34	25	10	157
Seldom	29	33	25	13	256
Never	30	30	33	8	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	28	31	18	24	243
Mainline Protestant	30	36	29	5	135
Roman Catholic	25	35	19	20	202
No religion	31	26	35	8	312
Other religion	16	44	26	14	109
ideology
Very conservative	26	19	8	47	118
Somewhat conservative	25	43	9	23	219
Moderate	33	33	24	9	402
Somewhat liberal	21	28	48	3	160
Very liberal	21	24	54	1	103
voter registration status
Yes	23	31	28	17	782
No	42	35	18	6	218

C12: Fav/Unfav: Kagan

[Elena Kagan] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	34	36	18	11	486
Female	42	33	16	9	508
Another gender	65	21	13	0	3
age
18-29	52	31	13	4	192
30-44	47	32	12	9	266
45-59	39	39	14	9	246
60+	24	34	27	15	299
education
Less than HS	61	25	7	7	96
HS graduate	50	30	10	10	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	39	41	10	10	263
Bachelor's degree	28	38	22	12	179
Post grad study/professional degree	18	32	40	9	172
income
Less than $30k	48	36	7	9	273
$30k to less than $50k	39	31	17	13	173
$50k to less than $75k	43	36	14	7	188
$75k to less than $100k	37	25	24	15	127
$100k or more	26	39	28	8	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	39	37	8	16	432
Independent	55	29	9	7	143
Democrat	33	34	29	4	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	40	37	9	14	307
Independent	42	34	14	10	397
Democrat	33	32	30	5	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	40	37	9	14	307
Lean Republican	37	36	6	21	125
Independent	55	29	9	7	143
Lean Democrat	33	38	26	2	129
Democrat	33	32	30	5	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	35	39	6	20	199
Weak Republican	49	34	13	3	108
Lean Republican	37	36	6	21	125
Independent	55	29	9	7	143
Lean Democrat	33	38	26	2	129
Weak Democrat	37	37	21	5	122
Strong Democrat	31	28	37	5	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	51	27	17	6	268
Single, living with a partner	39	41	13	7	102
Married	31	37	19	12	486
Separated	33	29	24	13	15
Widowed	50	34	7	8	24
Divorced	39	35	14	12	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	37	35	17	11	616
Black Non-Hispanic	43	29	19	8	116
Hispanic	42	37	15	6	168
Other	35	35	24	7	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	33	40	9	18	60
Once a week	36	30	21	13	183
Once or twice a month	35	37	13	16	68
A few times a year	42	34	16	8	157
Seldom	37	39	15	9	256
Never	43	31	20	6	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	36	35	10	19	243
Mainline Protestant	49	29	16	6	135
Roman Catholic	36	37	17	10	202
No religion	40	34	22	4	312
Other religion	33	35	22	9	109
ideology
Very conservative	35	25	8	31	118
Somewhat conservative	39	41	9	11	219
Moderate	43	36	15	7	402
Somewhat liberal	34	29	32	5	160
Very liberal	34	32	32	2	103
voter registration status
Yes	34	34	20	11	782
No	54	35	7	4	218

C13: Fav/Unfav: Kavanaugh

[Brett Kavanaugh] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	14	22	31	32	486
Female	21	23	20	36	508
Another gender	10	31	0	59	3
age
18-29	28	20	14	38	192
30-44	23	24	15	39	266
45-59	20	30	24	26	246
60+	7	17	43	33	299
education
Less than HS	38	38	14	11	96
HS graduate	25	26	27	22	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	17	26	24	33	263
Bachelor's degree	12	12	29	47	179
Post grad study/professional degree	3	14	27	56	172
income
Less than $30k	30	31	16	23	273
$30k to less than $50k	25	24	22	29	173
$50k to less than $75k	14	24	28	35	188
$75k to less than $100k	13	15	32	41	127
$100k or more	6	14	32	47	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	17	23	51	8	432
Independent	35	27	6	32	143
Democrat	13	21	6	61	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	15	22	54	8	307
Independent	24	26	17	33	397
Democrat	14	19	6	61	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	15	22	54	8	307
Lean Republican	23	25	44	9	125
Independent	35	27	6	32	143
Lean Democrat	12	25	4	60	129
Democrat	14	19	6	61	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	14	21	59	6	199
Weak Republican	18	25	44	12	108
Lean Republican	23	25	44	9	125
Independent	35	27	6	32	143
Lean Democrat	12	25	4	60	129
Weak Democrat	17	25	7	51	122
Strong Democrat	11	14	6	68	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	23	23	13	41	268
Single, living with a partner	24	20	21	35	102
Married	13	22	33	32	486
Separated	26	12	21	40	15
Widowed	20	41	30	9	24
Divorced	21	23	28	29	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	17	22	31	30	616
Black Non-Hispanic	18	26	9	46	116
Hispanic	28	20	19	33	168
Other	9	23	15	53	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	15	20	45	21	60
Once a week	13	20	45	23	183
Once or twice a month	19	19	31	31	68
A few times a year	20	21	26	33	157
Seldom	21	26	22	31	256
Never	18	24	9	48	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	20	23	35	22	243
Mainline Protestant	25	25	22	28	135
Roman Catholic	13	24	35	28	202
No religion	18	20	13	49	312
Other religion	14	25	25	36	109
ideology
Very conservative	15	15	63	6	118
Somewhat conservative	17	26	51	6	219
Moderate	23	28	15	35	402
Somewhat liberal	9	17	4	71	160
Very liberal	20	12	2	66	103
voter registration status
Yes	14	20	29	37	782
No	35	29	12	23	218

C14: Fav/Unfav: Roberts

[John Roberts] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	24	29	30	18	486
Female	36	32	21	12	508
Another gender	28	0	51	22	3
age
18-29	49	32	9	10	192
30-44	37	33	18	13	266
45-59	28	41	21	10	246
60+	15	18	45	23	299
education
Less than HS	46	38	8	8	96
HS graduate	41	28	18	13	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	28	33	26	14	263
Bachelor's degree	24	33	27	16	179
Post grad study/professional degree	13	23	42	22	172
income
Less than $30k	40	37	12	12	273
$30k to less than $50k	36	29	21	14	173
$50k to less than $75k	33	29	26	12	188
$75k to less than $100k	22	21	39	18	127
$100k or more	17	30	35	18	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	28	30	28	14	432
Independent	48	28	16	8	143
Democrat	26	31	25	18	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	27	32	30	11	307
Independent	38	27	21	15	397
Democrat	23	33	25	19	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	27	32	30	11	307
Lean Republican	31	25	23	20	125
Independent	48	28	16	8	143
Lean Democrat	33	27	24	16	129
Democrat	23	33	25	19	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	22	29	33	16	199
Weak Republican	36	38	23	2	108
Lean Republican	31	25	23	20	125
Independent	48	28	16	8	143
Lean Democrat	33	27	24	16	129
Weak Democrat	27	34	23	16	122
Strong Democrat	20	33	27	21	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	39	37	14	9	268
Single, living with a partner	41	31	12	15	102
Married	23	26	34	18	486
Separated	32	22	31	15	15
Widowed	40	21	32	7	24
Divorced	29	35	21	15	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	28	27	28	17	616
Black Non-Hispanic	33	36	19	12	116
Hispanic	35	35	19	11	168
Other	27	39	21	13	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	19	33	28	20	60
Once a week	23	30	32	16	183
Once or twice a month	30	34	20	16	68
A few times a year	32	33	25	10	157
Seldom	33	26	25	16	256
Never	34	31	21	14	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	27	32	22	18	243
Mainline Protestant	39	20	26	14	135
Roman Catholic	24	34	25	16	202
No religion	34	32	22	12	312
Other religion	25	27	36	12	109
ideology
Very conservative	22	19	27	31	118
Somewhat conservative	30	31	32	7	219
Moderate	35	31	25	9	402
Somewhat liberal	25	37	21	17	160
Very liberal	29	25	15	31	103
voter registration status
Yes	24	29	30	17	782
No	53	35	7	5	218

C15: Fav/Unfav: Sotomayor

[Sonia Sotomayor] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	24	26	32	18	486
Female	29	24	35	12	508
Another gender	28	0	22	51	3
age
18-29	44	28	23	6	192
30-44	33	23	33	11	266
45-59	25	31	30	13	246
60+	13	19	43	25	299
education
Less than HS	46	24	21	9	96
HS graduate	36	27	21	15	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	30	26	30	14	263
Bachelor's degree	17	26	43	15	179
Post grad study/professional degree	7	19	58	17	172
income
Less than $30k	37	32	19	12	273
$30k to less than $50k	34	28	25	13	173
$50k to less than $75k	28	20	35	17	188
$75k to less than $100k	24	15	45	16	127
$100k or more	12	23	50	16	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	28	27	17	29	432
Independent	36	33	24	7	143
Democrat	23	20	54	3	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	26	29	18	27	307
Independent	32	26	28	14	397
Democrat	22	18	56	4	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	26	29	18	27	307
Lean Republican	33	20	13	34	125
Independent	36	33	24	7	143
Lean Democrat	26	25	48	2	129
Democrat	22	18	56	4	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	21	32	13	33	199
Weak Republican	35	24	26	15	108
Lean Republican	33	20	13	34	125
Independent	36	33	24	7	143
Lean Democrat	26	25	48	2	129
Weak Democrat	21	23	52	5	122
Strong Democrat	23	15	59	3	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	34	23	34	9	268
Single, living with a partner	43	34	18	6	102
Married	20	24	37	19	486
Separated	32	29	27	13	15
Widowed	39	14	26	21	24
Divorced	26	24	33	17	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	25	27	31	18	616
Black Non-Hispanic	29	15	48	8	116
Hispanic	32	25	33	10	168
Other	32	21	38	8	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	19	25	27	29	60
Once a week	18	28	32	22	183
Once or twice a month	25	25	33	17	68
A few times a year	32	19	34	16	157
Seldom	29	27	30	14	256
Never	31	24	39	6	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	28	24	24	24	243
Mainline Protestant	31	25	34	10	135
Roman Catholic	22	29	34	15	202
No religion	31	25	38	6	312
Other religion	17	21	39	22	109
ideology
Very conservative	21	23	12	45	118
Somewhat conservative	27	31	19	24	219
Moderate	34	22	36	8	402
Somewhat liberal	23	25	50	3	160
Very liberal	17	26	54	3	103
voter registration status
Yes	21	24	37	17	782
No	47	27	21	6	218

C16: Fav/Unfav: Thomas

[Clarence Thomas] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Never heard of	Heard but not enough	Favorable opinion	Unfavorable opinion	n
sex
Male	17	20	34	30	486
Female	20	20	25	35	508
Another gender	10	0	51	39	3
age
18-29	43	26	7	24	192
30-44	24	22	21	33	266
45-59	12	20	34	33	246
60+	3	12	47	38	299
education
Less than HS	39	29	18	14	96
HS graduate	26	21	31	21	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	18	20	31	30	263
Bachelor's degree	12	17	29	41	179
Post grad study/professional degree	4	12	28	56	172
income
Less than $30k	29	27	22	22	273
$30k to less than $50k	26	22	25	27	173
$50k to less than $75k	19	19	30	32	188
$75k to less than $100k	11	12	35	42	127
$100k or more	6	13	37	44	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	18	18	55	8	432
Independent	32	31	11	26	143
Democrat	15	17	9	59	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	19	18	54	8	307
Independent	23	22	26	30	397
Democrat	14	17	8	61	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	19	18	54	8	307
Lean Republican	16	17	58	9	125
Independent	32	31	11	26	143
Lean Democrat	18	17	10	54	129
Democrat	14	17	8	61	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	14	17	62	6	199
Weak Republican	28	20	40	12	108
Lean Republican	16	17	58	9	125
Independent	32	31	11	26	143
Lean Democrat	18	17	10	54	129
Weak Democrat	14	22	10	53	122
Strong Democrat	13	13	7	66	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	27	21	18	33	268
Single, living with a partner	30	26	13	31	102
Married	14	16	36	34	486
Separated	28	19	13	39	15
Widowed	11	17	47	24	24
Divorced	11	24	38	27	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	16	17	37	30	616
Black Non-Hispanic	16	20	12	52	116
Hispanic	31	22	16	31	168
Other	22	27	22	29	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	18	17	48	17	60
Once a week	15	17	42	26	183
Once or twice a month	17	24	29	30	68
A few times a year	29	20	26	25	157
Seldom	17	21	31	31	256
Never	18	19	17	46	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	17	21	40	22	243
Mainline Protestant	27	16	25	33	135
Roman Catholic	17	19	35	29	202
No religion	20	19	18	43	312
Other religion	13	23	31	33	109
ideology
Very conservative	15	13	66	5	118
Somewhat conservative	16	22	50	11	219
Moderate	24	22	22	31	402
Somewhat liberal	16	15	9	61	160
Very liberal	12	15	3	70	103
voter registration status
Yes	13	15	34	38	782
No	38	34	14	14	218

C18: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	17	53	30	486
Female	18	47	35	508
Another gender	8	54	38	3
age
18-29	14	53	33	192
30-44	18	45	37	266
45-59	16	47	37	246
60+	21	55	24	299
education
Less than HS	13	41	46	96
HS graduate	8	52	40	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	21	46	33	263
Bachelor's degree	23	49	28	179
Post grad study/professional degree	24	61	15	172
income
Less than $30k	13	44	43	273
$30k to less than $50k	13	47	40	173
$50k to less than $75k	20	56	24	188
$75k to less than $100k	15	53	32	127
$100k or more	25	53	22	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	47	34	432
Independent	13	43	44	143
Democrat	18	55	27	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	49	31	307
Independent	14	48	38	397
Democrat	19	55	26	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	49	31	307
Lean Republican	17	43	40	125
Independent	13	43	44	143
Lean Democrat	14	57	29	129
Democrat	19	55	26	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	20	47	33	199
Weak Republican	19	53	28	108
Lean Republican	17	43	40	125
Independent	13	43	44	143
Lean Democrat	14	57	29	129
Weak Democrat	11	55	34	122
Strong Democrat	25	55	20	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	15	49	36	268
Single, living with a partner	11	56	34	102
Married	21	49	30	486
Separated	29	40	31	15
Widowed	10	65	25	24
Divorced	15	52	33	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	17	47	36	616
Black Non-Hispanic	23	56	21	116
Hispanic	18	51	31	168
Other	14	59	27	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	18	46	36	60
Once a week	21	52	27	183
Once or twice a month	17	51	32	68
A few times a year	17	54	29	157
Seldom	17	49	34	256
Never	16	49	35	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	16	47	37	243
Mainline Protestant	19	44	36	135
Roman Catholic	18	57	25	202
No religion	15	53	31	312
Other religion	24	45	32	109
ideology
Very conservative	25	42	33	118
Somewhat conservative	16	51	33	219
Moderate	16	50	34	402
Somewhat liberal	19	52	29	160
Very liberal	17	54	29	103
voter registration status
Yes	19	50	30	782
No	10	51	39	218

C19: Heard about student loan forgiveness case

[A Supreme Court case concerning student loan forgiveness] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	50	41	9	486
Female	49	40	10	508
Another gender	44	56	0	3
age
18-29	48	39	13	192
30-44	44	43	13	266
45-59	50	40	10	246
60+	55	40	5	299
education
Less than HS	34	41	24	96
HS graduate	43	47	11	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	52	41	7	263
Bachelor's degree	52	38	9	179
Post grad study/professional degree	63	31	6	172
income
Less than $30k	39	41	19	273
$30k to less than $50k	43	47	9	173
$50k to less than $75k	56	42	2	188
$75k to less than $100k	51	43	6	127
$100k or more	60	32	8	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	50	41	9	432
Independent	36	48	16	143
Democrat	53	38	9	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	49	44	7	307
Independent	45	42	13	397
Democrat	57	35	8	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	49	44	7	307
Lean Republican	54	33	12	125
Independent	36	48	16	143
Lean Democrat	45	44	11	129
Democrat	57	35	8	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	50	42	8	199
Weak Republican	47	47	6	108
Lean Republican	54	33	12	125
Independent	36	48	16	143
Lean Democrat	45	44	11	129
Weak Democrat	54	38	8	122
Strong Democrat	59	33	8	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	42	41	17	268
Single, living with a partner	48	40	11	102
Married	56	38	6	486
Separated	46	37	17	15
Widowed	59	38	2	24
Divorced	41	52	7	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	49	41	10	616
Black Non-Hispanic	59	30	11	116
Hispanic	46	45	9	168
Other	51	41	8	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	51	42	7	60
Once a week	46	47	7	183
Once or twice a month	50	35	15	68
A few times a year	53	37	9	157
Seldom	54	37	9	256
Never	45	43	11	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	45	45	9	243
Mainline Protestant	63	28	10	135
Roman Catholic	52	40	8	202
No religion	44	44	12	312
Other religion	54	38	8	109
ideology
Very conservative	50	41	9	118
Somewhat conservative	49	45	6	219
Moderate	49	41	11	402
Somewhat liberal	53	35	12	160
Very liberal	48	40	12	103
voter registration status
Yes	52	40	8	782
No	41	44	15	218

C20: Heard about Google/Twitter cases

[A pair of Supreme Court cases concerning Google and Twitter] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	9	55	36	486
Female	8	47	44	508
Another gender	32	31	38	3
age
18-29	10	45	44	192
30-44	8	44	48	266
45-59	7	52	41	246
60+	10	60	31	299
education
Less than HS	10	55	35	96
HS graduate	7	50	44	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	11	50	39	263
Bachelor's degree	9	54	37	179
Post grad study/professional degree	8	49	42	172
income
Less than $30k	9	54	37	273
$30k to less than $50k	4	52	44	173
$50k to less than $75k	12	53	34	188
$75k to less than $100k	11	45	44	127
$100k or more	8	48	44	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	7	55	39	432
Independent	12	39	49	143
Democrat	10	51	39	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	6	54	39	307
Independent	11	48	41	397
Democrat	8	52	40	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	6	54	39	307
Lean Republican	8	55	37	125
Independent	12	39	49	143
Lean Democrat	13	50	37	129
Democrat	8	52	40	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	9	52	39	199
Weak Republican	2	58	40	108
Lean Republican	8	55	37	125
Independent	12	39	49	143
Lean Democrat	13	50	37	129
Weak Democrat	7	49	44	122
Strong Democrat	9	53	38	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	8	47	45	268
Single, living with a partner	5	55	40	102
Married	9	50	41	486
Separated	12	66	22	15
Widowed	9	54	38	24
Divorced	11	59	30	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	9	52	38	616
Black Non-Hispanic	5	50	44	116
Hispanic	9	46	45	168
Other	9	53	38	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	18	53	29	60
Once a week	7	56	38	183
Once or twice a month	6	53	41	68
A few times a year	10	52	39	157
Seldom	7	50	43	256
Never	10	47	43	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	7	50	43	243
Mainline Protestant	8	49	43	135
Roman Catholic	10	56	34	202
No religion	9	48	43	312
Other religion	10	56	34	109
ideology
Very conservative	12	54	34	118
Somewhat conservative	6	50	44	219
Moderate	10	50	40	402
Somewhat liberal	8	51	41	160
Very liberal	8	51	40	103
voter registration status
Yes	10	51	39	782
No	6	48	46	218

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Very conservative	Somewhat conservative	Moderate	Somewhat liberal	Very liberal	n
sex
Male	20	43	29	6	1	486
Female	26	26	37	6	4	508
Another gender	13	74	13	0	0	3
age
18-29	16	40	36	6	2	192
30-44	24	33	34	4	5	266
45-59	23	35	33	7	1	246
60+	27	32	32	8	1	299
education
Less than HS	12	29	41	14	3	96
HS graduate	21	28	38	8	4	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	15	40	36	7	2	263
Bachelor's degree	28	41	26	3	2	179
Post grad study/professional degree	39	35	25	1	0	172
income
Less than $30k	21	31	33	10	5	273
$30k to less than $50k	19	33	39	6	4	173
$50k to less than $75k	23	33	35	7	1	188
$75k to less than $100k	18	41	38	2	1	127
$100k or more	32	38	26	4	0	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	5	37	48	8	2	432
Independent	21	25	40	9	3	143
Democrat	42	35	17	3	2	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	5	38	46	9	3	307
Independent	23	30	37	7	2	397
Democrat	42	37	17	2	2	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	5	38	46	9	3	307
Lean Republican	5	35	53	7	0	125
Independent	21	25	40	9	3	143
Lean Democrat	42	32	18	6	2	129
Democrat	42	37	17	2	2	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	3	40	43	10	3	199
Weak Republican	7	34	50	6	3	108
Lean Republican	5	35	53	7	0	125
Independent	21	25	40	9	3	143
Lean Democrat	42	32	18	6	2	129
Weak Democrat	33	40	22	1	4	122
Strong Democrat	48	34	14	3	1	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	20	44	28	4	2	268
Single, living with a partner	26	30	35	4	6	102
Married	25	32	34	6	2	486
Separated	13	34	44	9	0	15
Widowed	15	24	47	6	7	24
Divorced	20	29	37	13	0	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	22	35	34	7	2	616
Black Non-Hispanic	33	26	28	6	6	116
Hispanic	22	34	37	6	3	168
Other	21	43	30	5	1	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	34	36	14	2	60
Once a week	17	43	32	5	2	183
Once or twice a month	24	39	32	2	3	68
A few times a year	16	37	40	7	0	157
Seldom	27	26	36	7	3	256
Never	29	35	29	5	3	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	15	30	43	9	4	243
Mainline Protestant	23	36	33	7	1	135
Roman Catholic	21	35	37	6	1	202
No religion	29	37	27	5	2	312
Other religion	31	36	26	2	3	109
ideology
Very conservative	5	40	41	11	4	118
Somewhat conservative	9	36	45	8	2	219
Moderate	20	33	38	7	2	402
Somewhat liberal	43	35	19	1	2	160
Very liberal	54	32	7	3	2	103
voter registration status
Yes	26	35	30	6	3	782
No	13	32	46	7	1	218

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Favor	Oppose	n
sex
Male	18	33	34	15	486
Female	21	29	31	19	508
Another gender	10	26	38	26	3
age
18-29	23	27	40	10	192
30-44	21	34	29	16	266
45-59	24	30	29	18	246
60+	12	32	35	21	299
education
Less than HS	31	41	22	5	96
HS graduate	30	29	32	9	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	17	32	39	12	263
Bachelor's degree	12	32	32	24	179
Post grad study/professional degree	7	26	32	35	172
income
Less than $30k	26	33	33	8	273
$30k to less than $50k	24	29	32	15	173
$50k to less than $75k	21	32	29	18	188
$75k to less than $100k	17	34	33	16	127
$100k or more	8	29	35	27	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	17	27	47	9	432
Independent	32	38	19	10	143
Democrat	18	33	23	27	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	16	31	45	8	307
Independent	22	30	35	13	397
Democrat	20	33	17	30	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	16	31	45	8	307
Lean Republican	19	18	51	11	125
Independent	32	38	19	10	143
Lean Democrat	13	33	35	19	129
Democrat	20	33	17	30	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	15	28	49	8	199
Weak Republican	16	35	38	10	108
Lean Republican	19	18	51	11	125
Independent	32	38	19	10	143
Lean Democrat	13	33	35	19	129
Weak Democrat	26	35	14	24	122
Strong Democrat	16	31	19	34	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	25	33	25	18	268
Single, living with a partner	22	32	36	10	102
Married	15	31	35	19	486
Separated	17	19	52	12	15
Widowed	25	23	33	18	24
Divorced	21	31	36	12	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	18	34	35	14	616
Black Non-Hispanic	22	21	24	33	116
Hispanic	25	33	26	16	168
Other	13	28	40	20	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	28	47	12	60
Once a week	16	28	38	18	183
Once or twice a month	27	28	22	24	68
A few times a year	16	31	35	16	157
Seldom	19	34	32	16	256
Never	24	32	28	16	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	19	31	33	18	243
Mainline Protestant	24	26	32	17	135
Roman Catholic	24	30	29	17	202
No religion	17	35	32	16	312
Other religion	12	29	43	15	109
ideology
Very conservative	19	18	56	8	118
Somewhat conservative	15	36	39	10	219
Moderate	21	32	32	14	402
Somewhat liberal	23	32	16	29	160
Very liberal	19	29	21	32	103
voter registration status
Yes	18	31	32	18	782
No	24	32	34	11	218

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Favor	Oppose	n
sex
Male	70	30	238
Female	62	38	250
Another gender	59	41	2
age
18-29	80	20	96
30-44	64	36	120
45-59	62	38	114
60+	63	37	167
education
Less than HS	80	20	26
HS graduate	77	23	121
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	76	24	134
Bachelor's degree	57	43	100
Post grad study/professional degree	47	53	115
income
Less than $30k	80	20	112
$30k to less than $50k	69	31	81
$50k to less than $75k	61	39	89
$75k to less than $100k	68	32	62
$100k or more	57	43	150
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	84	16	243
Independent	66	34	42
Democrat	46	54	211
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	84	16	164
Independent	72	28	190
Democrat	37	63	142
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	84	16	164
Lean Republican	82	18	79
Independent	66	34	42
Lean Democrat	65	35	69
Democrat	37	63	142
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	86	14	112
Weak Republican	80	20	52
Lean Republican	82	18	79
Independent	66	34	42
Lean Democrat	65	35	69
Weak Democrat	38	62	47
Strong Democrat	36	64	95
marital status
Single, that is never married	58	42	114
Single, living with a partner	79	21	47
Married	65	35	262
Separated	82	18	9
Widowed	65	35	12
Divorced	76	24	53
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	72	28	300
Black Non-Hispanic	43	57	66
Hispanic	61	39	71
Other	67	33	51
religious service attendance
More than once a week	79	21	36
Once a week	68	32	103
Once or twice a month	47	53	31
A few times a year	68	32	81
Seldom	67	33	121
Never	63	37	124
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	65	35	122
Mainline Protestant	65	35	67
Roman Catholic	62	38	93
No religion	66	34	149
Other religion	74	26	63
ideology
Very conservative	88	12	75
Somewhat conservative	79	21	108
Moderate	69	31	187
Somewhat liberal	36	64	73
Very liberal	40	60	54
voter registration status
Yes	64	36	397
No	76	24	97

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	21	22	28	30	486
Female	22	20	23	36	508
Another gender	10	0	38	52	3
age
18-29	21	16	24	39	192
30-44	25	21	19	35	266
45-59	26	20	26	28	246
60+	14	23	31	32	299
education
Less than HS	37	27	22	14	96
HS graduate	31	19	22	27	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	16	22	26	36	263
Bachelor's degree	17	19	27	37	179
Post grad study/professional degree	6	18	30	47	172
income
Less than $30k	32	22	21	25	273
$30k to less than $50k	24	19	24	33	173
$50k to less than $75k	18	19	27	36	188
$75k to less than $100k	19	22	26	33	127
$100k or more	10	20	29	41	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	23	44	14	432
Independent	35	23	18	24	143
Democrat	18	17	9	56	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	22	46	13	307
Independent	22	22	23	33	397
Democrat	21	17	7	55	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	22	46	13	307
Lean Republican	18	26	38	17	125
Independent	35	23	18	24	143
Lean Democrat	12	16	14	57	129
Democrat	21	17	7	55	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	19	23	50	8	199
Weak Republican	20	21	38	21	108
Lean Republican	18	26	38	17	125
Independent	35	23	18	24	143
Lean Democrat	12	16	14	57	129
Weak Democrat	23	26	9	42	122
Strong Democrat	20	11	5	64	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	28	17	18	36	268
Single, living with a partner	22	17	19	42	102
Married	16	24	30	31	486
Separated	13	26	15	46	15
Widowed	37	23	28	12	24
Divorced	24	16	29	32	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	18	21	30	32	616
Black Non-Hispanic	28	19	12	41	116
Hispanic	29	19	21	31	168
Other	19	25	14	42	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	10	19	58	13	60
Once a week	17	22	37	23	183
Once or twice a month	21	21	30	29	68
A few times a year	24	18	28	30	157
Seldom	22	24	21	33	256
Never	24	18	11	47	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	24	20	36	20	243
Mainline Protestant	25	19	25	31	135
Roman Catholic	22	25	22	31	202
No religion	17	19	17	46	312
Other religion	16	19	34	31	109
ideology
Very conservative	18	22	56	5	118
Somewhat conservative	16	25	40	18	219
Moderate	25	24	21	29	402
Somewhat liberal	19	13	7	61	160
Very liberal	22	4	4	69	103
voter registration status
Yes	18	22	26	35	782
No	34	17	21	28	218

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	48	52	281
Female	39	61	298
Another gender	42	58	3
age
18-29	38	62	121
30-44	35	65	144
45-59	48	52	132
60+	50	50	189
education
Less than HS	60	40	34
HS graduate	45	55	145
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	42	58	162
Bachelor's degree	43	57	114
Post grad study/professional degree	39	61	131
income
Less than $30k	45	55	126
$30k to less than $50k	42	58	98
$50k to less than $75k	43	57	118
$75k to less than $100k	44	56	75
$100k or more	42	58	167
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	76	24	249
Independent	44	56	60
Democrat	14	86	277
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	78	22	179
Independent	42	58	222
Democrat	11	89	186
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	78	22	179
Lean Republican	69	31	70
Independent	44	56	60
Lean Democrat	20	80	92
Democrat	11	89	186
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	86	14	115
Weak Republican	64	36	64
Lean Republican	69	31	70
Independent	44	56	60
Lean Democrat	20	80	92
Weak Democrat	18	82	63
Strong Democrat	8	92	123
marital status
Single, that is never married	34	66	146
Single, living with a partner	31	69	62
Married	49	51	294
Separated	25	75	9
Widowed	70	30	10
Divorced	48	52	66
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	49	51	377
Black Non-Hispanic	22	78	61
Hispanic	40	60	88
Other	25	75	48
religious service attendance
More than once a week	81	19	43
Once a week	61	39	112
Once or twice a month	51	49	40
A few times a year	48	52	91
Seldom	39	61	138
Never	19	81	163
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	64	36	135
Mainline Protestant	44	56	76
Roman Catholic	41	59	106
No religion	26	74	197
Other religion	52	48	71
ideology
Very conservative	92	8	72
Somewhat conservative	69	31	128
Moderate	41	59	202
Somewhat liberal	10	90	110
Very liberal	6	94	75
voter registration status
Yes	43	57	476
No	42	58	107

J1: Overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	23	15	18	44	486
Female	18	10	16	56	508
Another gender	51	0	10	39	3
age
18-29	19	6	20	55	192
30-44	13	15	18	54	266
45-59	19	15	16	50	246
60+	30	12	14	44	299
education
Less than HS	21	14	24	41	96
HS graduate	23	11	20	46	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	20	13	16	51	263
Bachelor's degree	20	16	11	52	179
Post grad study/professional degree	17	9	15	58	172
income
Less than $30k	19	13	21	47	273
$30k to less than $50k	23	9	18	50	173
$50k to less than $75k	24	13	14	49	188
$75k to less than $100k	19	18	16	48	127
$100k or more	19	11	13	57	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	39	19	20	22	432
Independent	7	14	27	50	143
Democrat	6	5	10	79	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	41	18	18	23	307
Independent	15	14	20	51	397
Democrat	7	4	11	77	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	41	18	18	23	307
Lean Republican	35	22	24	19	125
Independent	7	14	27	50	143
Lean Democrat	3	5	8	83	129
Democrat	7	4	11	77	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	51	21	12	17	199
Weak Republican	22	15	29	34	108
Lean Republican	35	22	24	19	125
Independent	7	14	27	50	143
Lean Democrat	3	5	8	83	129
Weak Democrat	12	7	14	68	122
Strong Democrat	5	3	10	83	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	14	8	21	57	268
Single, living with a partner	14	11	18	57	102
Married	24	14	14	47	486
Separated	25	6	18	51	15
Widowed	34	6	13	47	24
Divorced	25	17	17	40	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	23	14	17	46	616
Black Non-Hispanic	14	6	16	63	116
Hispanic	20	11	19	51	168
Other	12	8	12	68	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	54	12	15	17	60
Once a week	40	16	16	27	183
Once or twice a month	27	15	17	41	68
A few times a year	15	14	30	41	157
Seldom	15	15	13	57	256
Never	7	6	13	73	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	37	17	14	32	243
Mainline Protestant	17	13	15	55	135
Roman Catholic	24	12	19	44	202
No religion	6	8	15	71	312
Other religion	25	13	23	38	109
ideology
Very conservative	72	13	5	11	118
Somewhat conservative	34	20	22	23	219
Moderate	10	13	24	53	402
Somewhat liberal	1	5	10	83	160
Very liberal	4	3	1	92	103
voter registration status
Yes	23	13	13	51	782
No	13	9	31	45	218

J2: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	37	26	17	20	486
Female	49	17	13	20	508
Another gender	49	51	0	0	3
age
18-29	61	18	10	12	192
30-44	46	23	15	16	266
45-59	35	22	19	24	246
60+	36	22	15	26	299
education
Less than HS	25	35	18	22	96
HS graduate	38	21	19	23	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	47	18	15	20	263
Bachelor's degree	46	22	13	19	179
Post grad study/professional degree	54	20	9	16	172
income
Less than $30k	36	26	16	22	273
$30k to less than $50k	45	18	15	22	173
$50k to less than $75k	40	22	15	22	188
$75k to less than $100k	45	12	24	20	127
$100k or more	52	23	10	15	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	25	24	33	432
Independent	37	31	16	15	143
Democrat	70	15	6	9	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	15	26	24	35	307
Independent	46	23	14	16	397
Democrat	68	14	7	11	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	15	26	24	35	307
Lean Republican	26	22	24	28	125
Independent	37	31	16	15	143
Lean Democrat	76	16	3	5	129
Democrat	68	14	7	11	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	9	24	23	44	199
Weak Republican	27	28	26	18	108
Lean Republican	26	22	24	28	125
Independent	37	31	16	15	143
Lean Democrat	76	16	3	5	129
Weak Democrat	57	22	7	14	122
Strong Democrat	75	9	7	9	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	54	18	15	13	268
Single, living with a partner	50	26	15	9	102
Married	39	23	13	25	486
Separated	46	34	10	10	15
Widowed	13	28	28	31	24
Divorced	36	14	24	26	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	42	22	15	22	616
Black Non-Hispanic	51	17	10	21	116
Hispanic	42	23	20	16	168
Other	53	21	10	17	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	9	15	17	56	60
Once a week	19	20	20	41	183
Once or twice a month	29	30	23	18	68
A few times a year	43	24	17	17	157
Seldom	47	23	15	15	256
Never	67	19	9	6	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	23	15	19	44	243
Mainline Protestant	44	24	10	21	135
Roman Catholic	40	29	19	13	202
No religion	65	21	10	4	312
Other religion	34	16	22	26	109
ideology
Very conservative	12	13	15	60	118
Somewhat conservative	18	30	28	24	219
Moderate	42	27	16	15	402
Somewhat liberal	74	13	5	8	160
Very liberal	90	5	0	4	103
voter registration status
Yes	45	19	15	21	782
No	38	29	17	15	218

J3: LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	42	35	15	8	486
Female	56	27	12	5	508
Another gender	62	38	0	0	3
age
18-29	57	14	22	8	192
30-44	52	29	13	7	266
45-59	46	34	11	9	246
60+	45	40	11	4	299
education
Less than HS	45	26	14	15	96
HS graduate	41	37	14	9	293
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	51	29	16	4	263
Bachelor's degree	52	29	12	5	179
Post grad study/professional degree	61	26	10	3	172
income
Less than $30k	44	32	14	10	273
$30k to less than $50k	52	26	18	4	173
$50k to less than $75k	51	29	15	4	188
$75k to less than $100k	47	31	14	7	127
$100k or more	54	33	8	5	240
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	28	42	20	10	432
Independent	44	30	18	7	143
Democrat	73	19	5	3	429
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	26	45	17	12	307
Independent	51	26	17	6	397
Democrat	71	21	5	2	300
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	26	45	17	12	307
Lean Republican	32	33	29	6	125
Independent	44	30	18	7	143
Lean Democrat	77	15	4	5	129
Democrat	71	21	5	2	300
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	21	49	18	12	199
Weak Republican	35	38	16	11	108
Lean Republican	32	33	29	6	125
Independent	44	30	18	7	143
Lean Democrat	77	15	4	5	129
Weak Democrat	63	31	3	3	122
Strong Democrat	76	15	7	1	178
marital status
Single, that is never married	55	23	14	8	268
Single, living with a partner	56	24	15	5	102
Married	45	36	14	6	486
Separated	56	29	14	0	15
Widowed	54	36	6	4	24
Divorced	49	32	11	8	109
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	47	33	14	7	616
Black Non-Hispanic	56	24	11	8	116
Hispanic	49	27	17	7	168
Other	62	27	7	4	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	27	32	22	17	60
Once a week	37	40	15	8	183
Once or twice a month	45	28	14	12	68
A few times a year	46	27	21	7	157
Seldom	52	32	12	4	256
Never	63	26	8	4	280
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	32	41	18	9	243
Mainline Protestant	45	31	19	5	135
Roman Catholic	47	35	14	4	202
No religion	66	21	8	5	312
Other religion	52	24	11	12	109
ideology
Very conservative	22	44	19	16	118
Somewhat conservative	27	48	19	6	219
Moderate	49	30	15	6	402
Somewhat liberal	78	14	4	4	160
Very liberal	88	7	2	3	103
voter registration status
Yes	51	31	11	6	782
No	43	28	21	7	218