Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll March 13-22, 2023

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most of the time 378 38 38 38
Some of the time 396 39 39 77
Only now and then 165 16 16 93
Hardly at all 66 7 7 100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 106 11 11 11
Somewhat approve 285 28 28 39
Somewhat disapprove 240 24 24 63
Strongly disapprove 371 37 37 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 391 39 39 39
Disapprove 611 61 61 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 61 6 6 6
Somewhat approve 378 38 38 44
Somewhat disapprove 334 33 33 77
Strongly disapprove 229 23 23 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 439 44 44 44
Disapprove 564 56 56 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 21 2 2 2
Somewhat approve 287 29 29 31
Somewhat disapprove 447 44 44 75
Strongly disapprove 248 25 25 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 308 31 31 31
Disapprove 694 69 69 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B4: Republican majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 76 8 8 8
Somewhat approve 339 34 34 41
Somewhat disapprove 280 28 28 69
Strongly disapprove 305 30 30 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B4: Republican majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 415 41 41 41
Disapprove 585 58 58 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

B5: Democratic majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 60 6 6 6
Somewhat approve 341 34 34 40
Somewhat disapprove 303 30 30 70
Strongly disapprove 299 30 30 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B5: Democratic majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 400 40 40 40
Disapprove 602 60 60 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 376 37 37 37
Unfavorable opinion 591 59 59 96
Haven't heard enough 38 4 4 100

B7: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 307 31 31 31
Unfavorable opinion 537 54 54 84
Haven't heard enough 159 16 16 100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Buttigieg

[Pete Buttigieg] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 257 26 26 26
Unfavorable opinion 366 36 36 62
Haven't heard enough 381 38 38 100
Web blank 1 0 0 100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 351 35 35 35
Unfavorable opinion 621 62 62 97
Haven't heard enough 32 3 3 100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 285 28 28 28
Unfavorable opinion 580 58 58 86
Haven't heard enough 138 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B11: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 315 31 31 31
Unfavorable opinion 430 43 43 74
Haven't heard enough 259 26 26 100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 200 20 20 20
Unfavorable opinion 281 28 28 48
Haven't heard enough 523 52 52 100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Pompeo

[Mike Pompeo] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 145 14 14 14
Unfavorable opinion 389 39 39 53
Haven't heard enough 470 47 47 100

B14: Fav/Unfav: Noem

[Kristi Noem] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 120 12 12 12
Unfavorable opinion 162 16 16 28
Haven't heard enough 721 72 72 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B15: Fav/Unfav: Scott

[Tim Scott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 130 13 13 13
Unfavorable opinion 188 19 19 32
Haven't heard enough 686 68 68 100

B16: Fav/Unfav: Youngkin

[Glenn Youngkin] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 107 11 11 11
Unfavorable opinion 176 18 18 28
Haven't heard enough 720 72 72 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 69 7 7 7
Quite a lot 212 21 21 28
Some 400 40 40 68
Very little 221 22 22 90
None at all 101 10 10 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 36 4 4 4
Quite a lot 113 11 11 15
Some 436 43 43 58
Very little 327 33 33 91
None at all 91 9 9 100

C3: Confidence in the Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 79 8 8 8
Quite a lot 177 18 18 26
Some 343 34 34 60
Very little 226 23 23 82
None at all 179 18 18 100

C4: Confidence in local courts

[The courts in your community] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 75 7 7 7
Quite a lot 245 24 24 32
Some 446 44 44 76
Very little 165 16 16 93
None at all 73 7 7 100

C5: Confidence in the FBI

[The FBI] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 122 12 12 12
Quite a lot 222 22 22 34
Some 348 35 35 69
Very little 180 18 18 87
None at all 133 13 13 100

C6: Confidence in the Police

[The police] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 147 15 15 15
Quite a lot 290 29 29 44
Some 333 33 33 77
Very little 133 13 13 90
None at all 100 10 10 100

C7: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 39 4 4 4
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 234 23 23 27
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents 416 41 41 69
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents 314 31 31 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

C8: Fav/Unfav: Alito

[Samuel Alito] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 341 34 34 34
Heard but not enough 350 35 35 69
Favorable opinion 148 15 15 84
Unfavorable opinion 165 16 16 100

C9: Fav/Unfav: Coney Barrett

[Amy Coney Barrett] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 267 27 27 27
Heard but not enough 246 25 25 51
Favorable opinion 220 22 22 73
Unfavorable opinion 271 27 27 100

C10: Fav/Unfav: Gorsuch

[Neil Gorsuch] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 356 35 35 35
Heard but not enough 319 32 32 67
Favorable opinion 177 18 18 85
Unfavorable opinion 151 15 15 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C11: Fav/Unfav: Brown Jackson

[Ketanji Brown Jackson] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 273 27 27 27
Heard but not enough 323 32 32 59
Favorable opinion 260 26 26 85
Unfavorable opinion 148 15 15 100

C12: Fav/Unfav: Kagan

[Elena Kagan] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 390 39 39 39
Heard but not enough 344 34 34 73
Favorable opinion 172 17 17 90
Unfavorable opinion 98 10 10 100

C13: Fav/Unfav: Kavanaugh

[Brett Kavanaugh] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 182 18 18 18
Heard but not enough 227 23 23 41
Favorable opinion 253 25 25 66
Unfavorable opinion 341 34 34 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C14: Fav/Unfav: Roberts

[John Roberts] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 303 30 30 30
Heard but not enough 304 30 30 60
Favorable opinion 250 25 25 85
Unfavorable opinion 148 15 15 100

C15: Fav/Unfav: Sotomayor

[Sonia Sotomayor] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 272 27 27 27
Heard but not enough 249 25 25 52
Favorable opinion 336 34 34 85
Unfavorable opinion 147 15 15 100

C16: Fav/Unfav: Thomas

[Clarence Thomas] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 189 19 19 19
Heard but not enough 196 19 19 38
Favorable opinion 294 29 29 68
Unfavorable opinion 326 32 32 100

C17: Heard about train derailment

[A freight train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio that resulted in a hazardous chemical spill and fire] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 618 62 62 62
A little 256 25 25 87
Nothing at all 130 13 13 100

C18: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 175 17 17 17
A little 505 50 50 68
Nothing at all 324 32 32 100

C19: Heard about student loan forgiveness case

[A Supreme Court case concerning student loan forgiveness] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 497 50 50 50
A little 408 41 41 90
Nothing at all 99 10 10 100

C20: Heard about Google/Twitter cases

[A pair of Supreme Court cases concerning Google and Twitter] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 88 9 9 9
A little 511 51 51 60
Nothing at all 405 40 40 100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 231 23 23 23
Somewhat conservative 347 35 35 58
Moderate 336 34 34 91
Somewhat liberal 62 6 6 97
Very liberal 23 2 2 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 54 5 5 5
Somewhat conservative 65 6 6 12
Moderate 259 26 26 38
Somewhat liberal 260 26 26 64
Very liberal 361 36 36 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 509 51 51 51
Somewhat conservative 270 27 27 78
Moderate 109 11 11 89
Somewhat liberal 38 4 4 92
Very liberal 73 7 7 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

D4: DeSantis ideology

[Ron DeSantis] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 437 44 44 44
Somewhat conservative 232 23 23 67
Moderate 246 25 25 91
Somewhat liberal 51 5 5 96
Very liberal 30 3 3 99
Skipped/Ref 9 1 1 100

D5: Democratic party ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 41 4 4 4
Somewhat conservative 82 8 8 12
Moderate 209 21 21 33
Somewhat liberal 271 27 27 60
Very liberal 396 39 39 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

D6: Republican party ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 456 45 45 45
Somewhat conservative 328 33 33 78
Moderate 138 14 14 92
Somewhat liberal 46 5 5 96
Very liberal 32 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 195 19 19 19
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 312 31 31 50
Favor 328 33 33 83
Oppose 168 17 17 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 328 33 66 66
Oppose 168 17 34 100
(Missing) 508 51 NA NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 212 21 21 21
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 206 21 21 42
Heard of and favor the decision 254 25 25 67
Heard of and oppose the decision 333 33 33 100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 254 25 43 43
Heard of and oppose the decision 333 33 57 100
(Missing) 417 42 NA NA

J1: Overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 206 21 21 21
Somewhat favor 124 12 12 33
Somewhat oppose 169 17 17 50
Strongly oppose 504 50 50 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

J2: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 434 43 43 43
Somewhat favor 214 21 21 65
Somewhat oppose 152 15 15 80
Strongly oppose 202 20 20 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

J3: LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 495 49 49 49
Somewhat favor 307 31 31 80
Somewhat oppose 135 13 13 93
Strongly oppose 65 6 6 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases 278 28 28 28
Legal in most cases 387 39 39 66
Illegal in most cases 275 27 27 94
Illegal in all cases 62 6 6 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

K2: Abortion when rape/incest

Do you think your state should or should not allow a woman to obtain a legal abortion if she became pregnant as the result of rape or incest?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Should allow 888 88 88 88
Should not allow 112 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

K3: Abortion travel

Should a state be able to make it illegal for a woman to have an abortion by travelling to a different state where abortion is legal?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 190 19 19 19
No 812 81 81 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

K4: Abortion RX

Should a state be able to make it illegal for a woman to get and fill a prescription from out-of-state providers for medication that will induce an abortion, sometimes called “medication abortion” or “abortion pills”?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 264 26 26 26
No 739 74 74 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P1: Fav/Unfav: Gov Abbot

[Greg Abbott, Texas] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 266 26 26 26
Unfavorable opinion 372 37 37 64
Haven't heard enough 366 36 36 100

P2: Fav/Unfav: Gov DeWine

[Mike DeWine, Ohio] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 126 13 13 13
Unfavorable opinion 143 14 14 27
Haven't heard enough 735 73 73 100

P3: Fav/Unfav: Gov Kemp

[Brian Kemp, Georgia] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 166 17 17 17
Unfavorable opinion 204 20 20 37
Haven't heard enough 633 63 63 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P4: Fav/Unfav: Gov Sununu

[Chris Sununu, New Hampshire] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 100 10 10 10
Unfavorable opinion 110 11 11 21
Haven't heard enough 794 79 79 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

P5: Fav/Unfav: Gov Youngkin

[Glenn Youngkin, Virginia] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 136 14 14 14
Unfavorable opinion 161 16 16 30
Haven't heard enough 706 70 70 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P6: Fav/Unfav: Gov Moore

[Wes Moore, Maryland] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 67 7 7 7
Unfavorable opinion 91 9 9 16
Haven't heard enough 846 84 84 100

P7: Fav/Unfav: Gov Newsom

[Gavin Newsom, California] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 231 23 23 23
Unfavorable opinion 367 37 37 60
Haven't heard enough 406 40 40 100

P8: Fav/Unfav: Gov Polis

[Jared Polis, Colorado] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 71 7 7 7
Unfavorable opinion 99 10 10 17
Haven't heard enough 833 83 83 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P9: Fav/Unfav: Gov Shapiro

[Josh Shapiro, Pennsylvania] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 113 11 11 11
Unfavorable opinion 139 14 14 25
Haven't heard enough 752 75 75 100

P10: Fav/Unfav: Gov Whitmer

[Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 199 20 20 20
Unfavorable opinion 223 22 22 42
Haven't heard enough 582 58 58 100

P11: Student loan forgiveness

Do you favor or oppose the decision to forgive and cancel up to $20,000 of federal student loan debt?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 384 38 38 38
Somewhat favor 233 23 23 61
Somewhat oppose 127 13 13 74
Strongly oppose 259 26 26 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P12: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Too much support 343 34 34 34
Not enough support 246 24 24 59
About the right amount of support 413 41 41 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P13: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs 553 55 55 55
Stay out of world affairs 448 45 45 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

P14: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 379 38 38 38
Joe Biden 336 33 33 71
Someone else 201 20 20 91
Wouldn't vote 89 9 9 100

P15: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 379 38 38 38
Joe Biden 359 36 36 74
Someone else 162 16 16 90
Wouldn't vote 103 10 10 100

P16: 15-week abortion ban

[Pass a national law banning abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 494 49 49 49
Oppose 508 51 51 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P17: Transgender sports participation

[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 701 70 70 70
Oppose 298 30 30 100
Skipped/Ref 5 0 0 100

P18: Private school vouchers

[Provide state funding for vouchers to pay for tuition for K-12 students to attend private or religious schools of their choice instead of public schools] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 533 53 53 53
Oppose 468 47 47 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

P19: Discussion topics

When talking to a friend, which do you enjoy more: talking about things you disagree about or talking about things you agree about?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Things you disagree about 228 23 23 23
Things you agree about 775 77 77 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P20: Police killings of Black Americans

Do you think recent killings of Black Americans by police are isolated incidents or part of a larger pattern in the police's treatment of Black Americans?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Isolated incidents 429 43 43 43
Part of a larger pattern 573 57 57 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P21: Fav/Unfav: BLM movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 408 41 41 41
Unfavorable opinion 489 49 49 89
Haven't heard enough 107 11 11 100

P22: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A very big problem 379 38 38 38
A moderately big problem 376 37 37 75
A small problem 205 20 20 96
Not a problem at all 44 4 4 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Just about always 19 2 2 2
Most of the time 159 16 16 18
Only some of the time 638 64 64 81
Never 188 19 19 100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted 555 55 55 55
Most people can't be trusted 449 45 45 100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 1004 100 100 100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 307 31 31 31
Democrat 300 30 30 60
Independent 287 29 29 89
Other/No preference 110 11 11 100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strong 376 37 62 62
Not very strong 230 23 38 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 397 40 NA NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 125 12 31 31
Democratic 129 13 32 64
Neither 143 14 36 100
(Missing) 607 60 NA NA

P23: GOP primary 2024

Here are some potential candidates for the Republican presidential nomination. If the primary were today, who would you vote for?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Chris Christie 1 0 0 0
Ron DeSantis 139 14 32 33
Nikki Haley 18 2 4 37
Asa Hutchinson 0 0 0 37
Kristi Noem 2 0 0 37
Mike Pence 24 2 6 43
Mike Pompeo 5 1 1 44
Tim Scott 0 0 0 44
Chris Sununu 3 0 1 45
Donald Trump 171 17 40 85
Undecided 54 5 12 97
None of these 13 1 3 100
(Missing) 572 57 NA NA

P24: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 211 21 49 49
Ron DeSantis 220 22 51 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 572 57 NA NA

P25: Joe Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 180 18 42 42
No 249 25 58 100
(Missing) 575 57 NA NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
More than once a week 60 6 6 6
Once a week 183 18 18 24
Once or twice a month 68 7 7 31
A few times a year 157 16 16 47
Seldom 256 25 25 72
Never 280 28 28 100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, would 302 30 30 30
No, would not 702 70 70 100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 118 12 12 12
Somewhat conservative 219 22 22 34
Moderate 402 40 40 74
Somewhat liberal 160 16 16 90
Very liberal 103 10 10 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day 83 8 8 8
A few times a week 293 29 29 37
A few times a month 278 28 28 65
Once a month 95 9 9 75
Less than once a month 181 18 18 93
Not at all 75 7 7 100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 287 29 29 29
No 717 71 71 100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 307 31 31 31
Lean Republican 125 12 12 43
Independent 143 14 14 57
Lean Democrat 129 13 13 70
Democrat 300 30 30 100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 432 43 43 43
Independent 143 14 14 57
Democrat 429 43 43 100

gender

sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 486 48 48 48
Female 508 51 51 99
Another gender 3 0 0 99
Skipped/Ref 7 1 1 100

age

age, 4 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18-29 192 19 19 19
30-44 266 27 27 46
45-59 246 25 25 70
60+ 299 30 30 100

education

education - 5 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than HS 96 10 10 10
HS graduate 293 29 29 39
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates 263 26 26 65
Bachelor's degree 179 18 18 83
Post grad study/professional degree 172 17 17 100

income

income recode
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k 273 27 27 27
$30k to less than $50k 173 17 17 44
$50k to less than $75k 188 19 19 63
$75k to less than $100k 127 13 13 76
$100k or more 240 24 24 100
DK/NA/Ref 2 0 0 100

marital status

marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Married 486 48 48 48
Widowed 24 2 2 51
Divorced 109 11 11 62
Separated 15 1 1 63
Single, never married 268 27 27 90
Single, cohabitating 102 10 10 100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
White 616 61 61 61
Black 116 12 12 73
Hispanic 168 17 17 90
Other/Multiple 86 9 9 98
Skipped/Ref 19 2 2 100

religious affiliation

religious identification
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant 243 24 24 24
Mainline Protestant 135 13 13 38
Roman Catholic 202 20 20 58
No religion 312 31 31 89
Other religion 109 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100
(Missing) 1 0 NA NA