Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll March 13-22, 2023

Registered Voters

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among registered voters only are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most of the time 350 45 45 45
Some of the time 288 37 37 82
Only now and then 109 14 14 96
Hardly at all 35 4 4 100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 101 13 13 13
Somewhat approve 232 30 30 43
Somewhat disapprove 151 19 19 62
Strongly disapprove 299 38 38 100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 333 43 43 43
Disapprove 450 57 57 100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 57 7 7 7
Somewhat approve 288 37 37 44
Somewhat disapprove 245 31 31 75
Strongly disapprove 193 25 25 100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 345 44 44 44
Disapprove 438 56 56 100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 15 2 2 2
Somewhat approve 209 27 27 29
Somewhat disapprove 351 45 45 73
Strongly disapprove 208 27 27 100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 223 29 29 29
Disapprove 559 71 71 100

B4: Republican majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 67 9 9 9
Somewhat approve 259 33 33 42
Somewhat disapprove 192 25 25 66
Strongly disapprove 262 34 34 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B4: Republican majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 326 42 42 42
Disapprove 454 58 58 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B5: Democratic majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 53 7 7 7
Somewhat approve 265 34 34 41
Somewhat disapprove 206 26 26 67
Strongly disapprove 258 33 33 100

B5: Democratic majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 318 41 41 41
Disapprove 464 59 59 100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 323 41 41 41
Unfavorable opinion 438 56 56 97
Haven't heard enough 21 3 3 100

B7: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 255 33 33 33
Unfavorable opinion 425 54 54 87
Haven't heard enough 102 13 13 100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Buttigieg

[Pete Buttigieg] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 231 30 30 30
Unfavorable opinion 303 39 39 68
Haven't heard enough 248 32 32 100
Web blank 1 0 0 100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 270 34 34 34
Unfavorable opinion 496 63 63 98
Haven't heard enough 17 2 2 100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 238 30 30 30
Unfavorable opinion 455 58 58 89
Haven't heard enough 89 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B11: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 278 35 35 35
Unfavorable opinion 358 46 46 81
Haven't heard enough 147 19 19 100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 181 23 23 23
Unfavorable opinion 234 30 30 53
Haven't heard enough 368 47 47 100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Pompeo

[Mike Pompeo] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 132 17 17 17
Unfavorable opinion 321 41 41 58
Haven't heard enough 329 42 42 100

B14: Fav/Unfav: Noem

[Kristi Noem] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 109 14 14 14
Unfavorable opinion 122 16 16 30
Haven't heard enough 551 70 70 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B15: Fav/Unfav: Scott

[Tim Scott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 121 16 16 16
Unfavorable opinion 148 19 19 34
Haven't heard enough 513 66 66 100

B16: Fav/Unfav: Youngkin

[Glenn Youngkin] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 95 12 12 12
Unfavorable opinion 142 18 18 30
Haven't heard enough 545 70 70 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 56 7 7 7
Quite a lot 177 23 23 30
Some 294 38 38 67
Very little 182 23 23 91
None at all 72 9 9 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 25 3 3 3
Quite a lot 87 11 11 14
Some 345 44 44 58
Very little 258 33 33 91
None at all 68 9 9 100

C3: Confidence in the Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 68 9 9 9
Quite a lot 156 20 20 29
Some 258 33 33 62
Very little 163 21 21 82
None at all 138 18 18 100

C4: Confidence in local courts

[The courts in your community] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 64 8 8 8
Quite a lot 213 27 27 35
Some 343 44 44 79
Very little 114 15 15 94
None at all 50 6 6 100

C5: Confidence in the FBI

[The FBI] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 92 12 12 12
Quite a lot 183 23 23 35
Some 258 33 33 68
Very little 144 18 18 87
None at all 105 13 13 100

C6: Confidence in the Police

[The police] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 120 15 15 15
Quite a lot 248 32 32 47
Some 247 32 32 79
Very little 98 12 12 91
None at all 70 9 9 100

C7: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 31 4 4 4
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 144 18 18 22
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents 330 42 42 64
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents 276 35 35 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

C8: Fav/Unfav: Alito

[Samuel Alito] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 218 28 28 28
Heard but not enough 284 36 36 64
Favorable opinion 134 17 17 81
Unfavorable opinion 146 19 19 100

C9: Fav/Unfav: Coney Barrett

[Amy Coney Barrett] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 172 22 22 22
Heard but not enough 178 23 23 45
Favorable opinion 199 25 25 70
Unfavorable opinion 233 30 30 100

C10: Fav/Unfav: Gorsuch

[Neil Gorsuch] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 241 31 31 31
Heard but not enough 239 31 31 61
Favorable opinion 158 20 20 81
Unfavorable opinion 144 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C11: Fav/Unfav: Brown Jackson

[Ketanji Brown Jackson] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 180 23 23 23
Heard but not enough 245 31 31 54
Favorable opinion 222 28 28 83
Unfavorable opinion 135 17 17 100

C12: Fav/Unfav: Kagan

[Elena Kagan] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 269 34 34 34
Heard but not enough 268 34 34 69
Favorable opinion 156 20 20 89
Unfavorable opinion 90 11 11 100

C13: Fav/Unfav: Kavanaugh

[Brett Kavanaugh] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 106 14 14 14
Heard but not enough 160 20 20 34
Favorable opinion 227 29 29 63
Unfavorable opinion 289 37 37 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C14: Fav/Unfav: Roberts

[John Roberts] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 184 24 24 24
Heard but not enough 227 29 29 53
Favorable opinion 236 30 30 83
Unfavorable opinion 136 17 17 100

C15: Fav/Unfav: Sotomayor

[Sonia Sotomayor] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 168 21 21 21
Heard but not enough 189 24 24 46
Favorable opinion 291 37 37 83
Unfavorable opinion 134 17 17 100

C16: Fav/Unfav: Thomas

[Clarence Thomas] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Never heard of 105 13 13 13
Heard but not enough 119 15 15 29
Favorable opinion 264 34 34 62
Unfavorable opinion 294 38 38 100

C17: Heard about train derailment

[A freight train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio that resulted in a hazardous chemical spill and fire] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 519 66 66 66
A little 182 23 23 90
Nothing at all 82 10 10 100

C18: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 152 19 19 19
A little 392 50 50 70
Nothing at all 238 30 30 100

C19: Heard about student loan forgiveness case

[A Supreme Court case concerning student loan forgiveness] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 404 52 52 52
A little 312 40 40 92
Nothing at all 66 8 8 100

C20: Heard about Google/Twitter cases

[A pair of Supreme Court cases concerning Google and Twitter] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 76 10 10 10
A little 402 51 51 61
Nothing at all 305 39 39 100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 202 26 26 26
Somewhat conservative 277 35 35 61
Moderate 235 30 30 91
Somewhat liberal 46 6 6 97
Very liberal 20 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 34 4 4 4
Somewhat conservative 42 5 5 10
Moderate 201 26 26 35
Somewhat liberal 195 25 25 60
Very liberal 307 39 39 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 424 54 54 54
Somewhat conservative 218 28 28 82
Moderate 67 9 9 91
Somewhat liberal 26 3 3 94
Very liberal 44 6 6 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

D4: DeSantis ideology

[Ron DeSantis] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 386 49 49 49
Somewhat conservative 199 25 25 75
Moderate 142 18 18 93
Somewhat liberal 26 3 3 96
Very liberal 25 3 3 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100

D5: Democratic party ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 29 4 4 4
Somewhat conservative 49 6 6 10
Moderate 148 19 19 29
Somewhat liberal 229 29 29 58
Very liberal 324 41 41 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

D6: Republican party ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 372 48 48 48
Somewhat conservative 258 33 33 81
Moderate 91 12 12 92
Somewhat liberal 35 4 4 97
Very liberal 23 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 142 18 18 18
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 242 31 31 49
Favor 254 32 32 82
Oppose 144 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 254 32 64 64
Oppose 144 18 36 100
(Missing) 385 49 NA NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 137 18 18 18
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 169 22 22 39
Heard of and favor the decision 205 26 26 65
Heard of and oppose the decision 271 35 35 100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 205 26 43 43
Heard of and oppose the decision 271 35 57 100
(Missing) 306 39 NA NA

J1: Overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 177 23 23 23
Somewhat favor 104 13 13 36
Somewhat oppose 100 13 13 49
Strongly oppose 402 51 51 100

J2: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 348 45 45 45
Somewhat favor 152 19 19 64
Somewhat oppose 115 15 15 79
Strongly oppose 166 21 21 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J3: LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 400 51 51 51
Somewhat favor 246 31 31 83
Somewhat oppose 89 11 11 94
Strongly oppose 47 6 6 100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases 222 28 28 28
Legal in most cases 285 36 36 65
Illegal in most cases 227 29 29 94
Illegal in all cases 49 6 6 100

K2: Abortion when rape/incest

Do you think your state should or should not allow a woman to obtain a legal abortion if she became pregnant as the result of rape or incest?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Should allow 689 88 88 88
Should not allow 91 12 12 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

K3: Abortion travel

Should a state be able to make it illegal for a woman to have an abortion by travelling to a different state where abortion is legal?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 146 19 19 19
No 636 81 81 100

K4: Abortion RX

Should a state be able to make it illegal for a woman to get and fill a prescription from out-of-state providers for medication that will induce an abortion, sometimes called “medication abortion” or “abortion pills”?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 216 28 28 28
No 567 72 72 100

P1: Fav/Unfav: Gov Abbot

[Greg Abbott, Texas] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 228 29 29 29
Unfavorable opinion 308 39 39 68
Haven't heard enough 247 32 32 100

P2: Fav/Unfav: Gov DeWine

[Mike DeWine, Ohio] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 112 14 14 14
Unfavorable opinion 118 15 15 29
Haven't heard enough 553 71 71 100

P3: Fav/Unfav: Gov Kemp

[Brian Kemp, Georgia] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 148 19 19 19
Unfavorable opinion 171 22 22 41
Haven't heard enough 462 59 59 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P4: Fav/Unfav: Gov Sununu

[Chris Sununu, New Hampshire] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 97 12 12 12
Unfavorable opinion 88 11 11 24
Haven't heard enough 597 76 76 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

P5: Fav/Unfav: Gov Youngkin

[Glenn Youngkin, Virginia] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 129 16 16 16
Unfavorable opinion 136 17 17 34
Haven't heard enough 517 66 66 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P6: Fav/Unfav: Gov Moore

[Wes Moore, Maryland] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 56 7 7 7
Unfavorable opinion 72 9 9 16
Haven't heard enough 654 84 84 100

P7: Fav/Unfav: Gov Newsom

[Gavin Newsom, California] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 209 27 27 27
Unfavorable opinion 317 41 41 67
Haven't heard enough 256 33 33 100

P8: Fav/Unfav: Gov Polis

[Jared Polis, Colorado] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 61 8 8 8
Unfavorable opinion 81 10 10 18
Haven't heard enough 639 82 82 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P9: Fav/Unfav: Gov Shapiro

[Josh Shapiro, Pennsylvania] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 106 14 14 14
Unfavorable opinion 121 15 15 29
Haven't heard enough 556 71 71 100

P10: Fav/Unfav: Gov Whitmer

[Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following governors from around the country, or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 181 23 23 23
Unfavorable opinion 191 24 24 47
Haven't heard enough 411 53 53 100

P11: Student loan forgiveness

Do you favor or oppose the decision to forgive and cancel up to $20,000 of federal student loan debt?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 296 38 38 38
Somewhat favor 158 20 20 58
Somewhat oppose 99 13 13 71
Strongly oppose 229 29 29 100

P12: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Too much support 267 34 34 34
Not enough support 187 24 24 58
About the right amount of support 329 42 42 100

P13: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs 461 59 59 59
Stay out of world affairs 319 41 41 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P14: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 294 38 38 38
Joe Biden 300 38 38 76
Someone else 159 20 20 96
Wouldn't vote 30 4 4 100

P15: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 330 42 42 42
Joe Biden 317 41 41 83
Someone else 101 13 13 96
Wouldn't vote 34 4 4 100

P16: 15-week abortion ban

[Pass a national law banning abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 377 48 48 48
Oppose 405 52 52 100

P17: Transgender sports participation

[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 565 72 72 72
Oppose 214 27 27 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

P18: Private school vouchers

[Provide state funding for vouchers to pay for tuition for K-12 students to attend private or religious schools of their choice instead of public schools] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 410 52 52 52
Oppose 371 47 47 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

P19: Discussion topics

When talking to a friend, which do you enjoy more: talking about things you disagree about or talking about things you agree about?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Things you disagree about 163 21 21 21
Things you agree about 618 79 79 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P20: Police killings of Black Americans

Do you think recent killings of Black Americans by police are isolated incidents or part of a larger pattern in the police's treatment of Black Americans?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Isolated incidents 358 46 46 46
Part of a larger pattern 424 54 54 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P21: Fav/Unfav: BLM movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 309 40 40 40
Unfavorable opinion 397 51 51 90
Haven't heard enough 76 10 10 100

P22: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A very big problem 282 36 36 36
A moderately big problem 289 37 37 73
A small problem 172 22 22 95
Not a problem at all 39 5 5 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Just about always 15 2 2 2
Most of the time 116 15 15 17
Only some of the time 524 67 67 84
Never 127 16 16 100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted 480 61 61 61
Most people can't be trusted 303 39 39 100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 782 100 100 100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 265 34 34 34
Democrat 245 31 31 65
Independent 229 29 29 94
Other/No preference 44 6 6 100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strong 325 41 64 64
Not very strong 184 24 36 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 273 35 NA NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 97 12 36 36
Democratic 101 13 37 73
Neither 74 10 27 100
(Missing) 509 65 NA NA

P23: GOP primary 2024

Here are some potential candidates for the Republican presidential nomination. If the primary were today, who would you vote for?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Chris Christie 1 0 0 0
Ron DeSantis 127 16 35 35
Nikki Haley 18 2 5 40
Asa Hutchinson 0 0 0 41
Kristi Noem 1 0 0 41
Mike Pence 19 2 5 46
Mike Pompeo 3 0 1 47
Tim Scott 0 0 0 47
Chris Sununu 3 0 1 48
Donald Trump 145 19 40 88
Undecided 35 4 10 98
None of these 7 1 2 100
(Missing) 420 54 NA NA

P24: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 167 21 46 46
Ron DeSantis 195 25 54 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 420 54 NA NA

P25: Joe Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 148 19 43 43
No 198 25 57 100
(Missing) 436 56 NA NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
More than once a week 46 6 6 6
Once a week 159 20 20 26
Once or twice a month 56 7 7 33
A few times a year 103 13 13 47
Seldom 208 27 27 73
Never 210 27 27 100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, would 243 31 31 31
No, would not 539 69 69 100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 108 14 14 14
Somewhat conservative 176 23 23 36
Moderate 279 36 36 72
Somewhat liberal 137 17 17 89
Very liberal 83 11 11 100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day 74 9 9 9
A few times a week 227 29 29 38
A few times a month 221 28 28 67
Once a month 69 9 9 76
Less than once a month 141 18 18 94
Not at all 50 6 6 100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 235 30 30 30
No 547 70 70 100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 265 34 34 34
Lean Republican 97 12 12 46
Independent 74 10 10 56
Lean Democrat 101 13 13 69
Democrat 245 31 31 100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 362 46 46 46
Independent 74 10 10 56
Democrat 346 44 44 100

gender

sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 393 50 50 50
Female 384 49 49 99
Another gender 2 0 0 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

age

age, 4 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18-29 109 14 14 14
30-44 188 24 24 38
45-59 206 26 26 64
60+ 279 36 36 100

education

education - 5 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than HS 42 5 5 5
HS graduate 224 29 29 34
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates 214 27 27 61
Bachelor's degree 150 19 19 81
Post grad study/professional degree 151 19 19 100

income

income recode
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k 172 22 22 22
$30k to less than $50k 130 17 17 38
$50k to less than $75k 152 19 19 58
$75k to less than $100k 117 15 15 73
$100k or more 212 27 27 100
DK/NA/Ref 0 0 0 100

marital status

marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Married 418 53 53 53
Widowed 18 2 2 56
Divorced 94 12 12 68
Separated 12 2 2 69
Single, never married 179 23 23 92
Single, cohabitating 61 8 8 100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
White 518 66 66 66
Black 83 11 11 77
Hispanic 109 14 14 91
Other/Multiple 58 7 7 98
Skipped/Ref 15 2 2 100

religious affiliation

religious identification
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant 204 26 26 26
Mainline Protestant 101 13 13 39
Roman Catholic 170 22 22 61
No religion 220 28 28 89
Other religion 87 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 1 0 NA NA