Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll May 8-18, 2023

Registered Voters

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among registered voter respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most of the time	324	41	41	41
Some of the time	280	35	35	76
Only now and then	133	17	17	93
Hardly at all	53	7	7	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	85	11	11	11
Somewhat approve	230	29	29	40
Somewhat disapprove	140	18	18	57
Strongly disapprove	336	43	43	100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	315	40	40	40
Disapprove	476	60	60	100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	58	7	7	7
Somewhat approve	272	34	34	42
Somewhat disapprove	260	33	33	75
Strongly disapprove	201	25	25	100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	329	42	42	42
Disapprove	461	58	58	100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	16	2	2	2
Somewhat approve	191	24	24	26
Somewhat disapprove	356	45	45	71
Strongly disapprove	228	29	29	100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	207	26	26	26
Disapprove	584	74	74	100

B4: Republican majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	50	6	6	6
Somewhat approve	265	34	34	40
Somewhat disapprove	216	27	27	67
Strongly disapprove	259	33	33	100

B4: Republican majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	316	40	40	40
Disapprove	475	60	60	100

B5: Democratic majority approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	60	8	8	8
Somewhat approve	243	31	31	38
Somewhat disapprove	234	30	30	68
Strongly disapprove	254	32	32	100

B5: Democratic majority approval, 2-pt

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the Democratic majority in the U.S. Senate is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	303	38	38	38
Disapprove	488	62	62	100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	295	37	37	37
Unfavorable opinion	471	60	60	97
Haven't heard enough	25	3	3	100

B7: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	254	32	32	32
Unfavorable opinion	458	58	58	90
Haven't heard enough	80	10	10	100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Kennedy

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	260	33	33	33
Unfavorable opinion	209	26	26	59
Haven't heard enough	320	41	41	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Williamson

[Marianne Williamson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	49	6	6	6
Unfavorable opinion	139	18	18	24
Haven't heard enough	601	76	76	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Christie

[Chris Christie] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	124	16	16	16
Unfavorable opinion	370	47	47	62
Haven't heard enough	297	38	38	100

B11: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	238	30	30	30
Unfavorable opinion	368	47	47	77
Haven't heard enough	184	23	23	100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Elder

[Larry Elder] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	106	13	13	13
Unfavorable opinion	127	16	16	29
Haven't heard enough	558	71	71	100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	159	20	20	20
Unfavorable opinion	254	32	32	52
Haven't heard enough	376	48	48	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B14: Fav/Unfav: Hutchinson

[Asa Hutchinson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	52	7	7	7
Unfavorable opinion	142	18	18	25
Haven't heard enough	596	75	75	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B15: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	236	30	30	30
Unfavorable opinion	454	57	57	87
Haven't heard enough	102	13	13	100

B16: Fav/Unfav: Ramaswamy

[Vivek Ramaswamy] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	93	12	12	12
Unfavorable opinion	112	14	14	26
Haven't heard enough	584	74	74	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B17: Fav/Unfav: Scott

[Tim Scott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	118	15	15	15
Unfavorable opinion	179	23	23	38
Haven't heard enough	494	62	62	100

B18: Fav/Unfav: Sununu

[Chris Sununu] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	66	8	8	8
Unfavorable opinion	129	16	16	25
Haven't heard enough	595	75	75	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

B19: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	304	38	38	38
Unfavorable opinion	467	59	59	98
Haven't heard enough	20	2	2	100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	65	8	8	8
Quite a lot	138	17	17	26
Some	298	38	38	63
Very little	205	26	26	89
None at all	85	11	11	100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	22	3	3	3
Quite a lot	68	9	9	11
Some	324	41	41	52
Very little	286	36	36	88
None at all	92	12	12	100

C3: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	64	8	8	8
Quite a lot	149	19	19	27
Some	247	31	31	58
Very little	186	24	24	82
None at all	145	18	18	100

C4: Confidence in national news

[The national news media] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	37	5	5	5
Quite a lot	84	11	11	15
Some	221	28	28	43
Very little	226	29	29	72
None at all	223	28	28	100

C5: Confidence in local news

[Your local news media] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	46	6	6	6
Quite a lot	107	14	14	19
Some	328	42	42	61
Very little	204	26	26	87
None at all	105	13	13	100

C6: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	36	5	5	5
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	187	24	24	28
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	317	40	40	68
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	251	32	32	100

C7: Fav/Unfav: Alito

[Samuel Alito] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	259	33	33	33
Heard but not enough	235	30	30	62
Favorable opinion	147	19	19	81
Unfavorable opinion	151	19	19	100

C8: Fav/Unfav: Coney Barrett

[Amy Coney Barrett] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	208	26	26	26
Heard but not enough	193	24	24	51
Favorable opinion	169	21	21	72
Unfavorable opinion	221	28	28	100

C9: Fav/Unfav: Gorsuch

[Neil Gorsuch] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	258	33	33	33
Heard but not enough	236	30	30	62
Favorable opinion	162	20	20	83
Unfavorable opinion	135	17	17	100

C10: Fav/Unfav: Brown Jackson

[Ketanji Brown Jackson] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	238	30	30	30
Heard but not enough	238	30	30	60
Favorable opinion	191	24	24	84
Unfavorable opinion	124	16	16	100

C11: Fav/Unfav: Kagan

[Elena Kagan] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	304	38	38	38
Heard but not enough	238	30	30	69
Favorable opinion	152	19	19	88
Unfavorable opinion	97	12	12	100

C12: Fav/Unfav: Kavanaugh

[Brett Kavanaugh] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	150	19	19	19
Heard but not enough	177	22	22	41
Favorable opinion	198	25	25	66
Unfavorable opinion	265	34	34	100

C13: Fav/Unfav: Roberts

[John Roberts] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	219	28	28	28
Heard but not enough	228	29	29	57
Favorable opinion	187	24	24	80
Unfavorable opinion	156	20	20	100

C14: Fav/Unfav: Sotomayor

[Sonia Sotomayor] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	204	26	26	26
Heard but not enough	210	27	27	52
Favorable opinion	244	31	31	83
Unfavorable opinion	133	17	17	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

C15: Fav/Unfav: Thomas

[Clarence Thomas] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	127	16	16	16
Heard but not enough	139	18	18	34
Favorable opinion	224	28	28	62
Unfavorable opinion	301	38	38	100

C16: Heard about Trump indictment

[Donald Trump being indicted in New York State court] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	554	70	70	70
A little	211	27	27	97
Nothing at all	26	3	3	100

C17: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	117	15	15	15
A little	372	47	47	62
Nothing at all	301	38	38	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C18: Heard about abortion medication case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the drug used in medication-induced abortions, mifepristone] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	305	39	39	39
A little	293	37	37	76
Nothing at all	193	24	24	100

C19: Heard about Thomas finance disclosures

[News stories about Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas’ financial disclosure reports] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	295	37	37	37
A little	269	34	34	71
Nothing at all	227	29	29	100

C20: Heard about Florida 6-week abortion ban

[Florida Governor Ron DeSantis signing into law a bill banning abortions in Florida after 6 weeks of pregnancy instead of the previous 15 weeks] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	356	45	45	45
A little	322	41	41	86
Nothing at all	112	14	14	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

C21: Heard about recent shootings

[Shootings involving people who knocked on the wrong door or drove into the wrong driveway] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	380	48	48	48
A little	288	36	36	84
Nothing at all	123	16	16	100

C22: Heard about Trump civil trial

[The trial in New York of a civil lawsuit against Trump accusing him of battery in a mid-1990s alleged sexual assault and of subsequent defamation] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	443	56	56	56
A little	270	34	34	90
Nothing at all	78	10	10	100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	188	24	24	24
Somewhat conservative	263	33	33	57
Moderate	235	30	30	87
Somewhat liberal	81	10	10	97
Very liberal	23	3	3	100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	39	5	5	5
Somewhat conservative	64	8	8	13
Moderate	176	22	22	35
Somewhat liberal	176	22	22	57
Very liberal	336	43	43	100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	398	50	50	50
Somewhat conservative	224	28	28	79
Moderate	76	10	10	88
Somewhat liberal	30	4	4	92
Very liberal	62	8	8	100

D4: DeSantis ideology

[Ron DeSantis] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	410	52	52	52
Somewhat conservative	123	16	16	67
Moderate	190	24	24	91
Somewhat liberal	34	4	4	96
Very liberal	33	4	4	100

H1: Affirmative action

[Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	206	26	26	26
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	220	28	28	54
Favor	261	33	33	87
Oppose	104	13	13	100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Rule that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	261	33	71	71
Oppose	104	13	29	100
(Missing)	426	54	NA	NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	171	22	22	22
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	172	22	22	43
Heard of and favor the decision	195	25	25	68
Heard of and oppose the decision	252	32	32	100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Decide that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision	195	25	44	44
Heard of and oppose the decision	252	32	56	100
(Missing)	343	43	NA	NA

J1: Overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	157	20	20	20
Somewhat favor	125	16	16	36
Somewhat oppose	118	15	15	51
Strongly oppose	391	49	49	100

J2: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	340	43	43	43
Somewhat favor	188	24	24	67
Somewhat oppose	109	14	14	81
Strongly oppose	154	19	19	100

J3: Honesty of SCOTUS justices

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	70	9	9	9
High	142	18	18	27
Average	312	39	39	66
Low	163	21	21	87
Very low	103	13	13	100

J4: Honesty of state judges

[Judges in your state] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	37	5	5	5
High	162	21	21	25
Average	403	51	51	76
Low	117	15	15	91
Very low	72	9	9	100

J5: Honesty of journalists

[Journalists] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	40	5	5	5
High	124	16	16	21
Average	269	34	34	55
Low	197	25	25	80
Very low	161	20	20	100

J6: Honesty of lawyers

[Lawyers] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	22	3	3	3
High	87	11	11	14
Average	341	43	43	57
Low	225	28	28	85
Very low	116	15	15	100

J7: Honesty of cable TV news

[Cable TV news] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	21	3	3	3
High	46	6	6	8
Average	285	36	36	44
Low	217	27	27	72
Very low	222	28	28	100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases	254	32	32	32
Legal in most cases	287	36	36	68
Illegal in most cases	203	26	26	94
Illegal in all cases	48	6	6	100

K2: Abortion when rape/incest

Do you think your state should or should not allow a woman to obtain a legal abortion if she became pregnant as the result of rape or incest?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Should allow	708	89	89	89
Should not allow	83	11	11	100

K3: Abortion travel

Should a state be able to make it illegal for a woman to have an abortion by travelling to a different state where abortion is legal?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	155	20	20	20
No	633	80	80	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

K4: Abortion RX

Should a state be able to make it illegal for a woman to get and fill a prescription from out-of-state providers for medication that will induce an abortion, sometimes called “medication abortion” or “abortion pills”?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	193	24	24	24
No	598	76	76	100

K5: Ban all abortions

[Ban abortions at any time during pregnancy] Here are some limits on when during pregnancy an abortion might be banned, except in cases of medical emergencies, that some states are considering. How much do you favor or oppose each of these proposals?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	102	13	13	13
Somewhat favor	107	13	13	26
Somewhat oppose	171	22	22	48
Strongly oppose	412	52	52	100

K6: 6-week abortion ban

[Ban abortions after six weeks of pregnancy] Here are some limits on when during pregnancy an abortion might be banned, except in cases of medical emergencies, that some states are considering. How much do you favor or oppose each of these proposals?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	142	18	18	18
Somewhat favor	145	18	18	36
Somewhat oppose	142	18	18	54
Strongly oppose	362	46	46	100

K7: 15-week abortion ban

[Ban abortions after 15 weeks of pregnancy] Here are some limits on when during pregnancy an abortion might be banned, except in cases of medical emergencies, that some states are considering. How much do you favor or oppose each of these proposals?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	228	29	29	29
Somewhat favor	154	19	19	48
Somewhat oppose	121	15	15	64
Strongly oppose	288	36	36	100

K8: 6-month abortion ban

[Ban abortions after 6 months of pregnancy] Here are some limits on when during pregnancy an abortion might be banned, except in cases of medical emergencies, that some states are considering. How much do you favor or oppose each of these proposals?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	341	43	43	43
Somewhat favor	117	15	15	58
Somewhat oppose	106	13	13	71
Strongly oppose	226	29	29	100

K9: no abortion restrictions

[Place no restrictions on when a woman can obtain an abortion] Here are some limits on when during pregnancy an abortion might be banned, except in cases of medical emergencies, that some states are considering. How much do you favor or oppose each of these proposals?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	177	22	22	22
Somewhat favor	126	16	16	38
Somewhat oppose	142	18	18	56
Strongly oppose	346	44	44	100

P1: Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	191	24	24	24
No	600	76	76	100

P2: Trump 2024

Would you like to see Donald Trump run for president in 2024, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	286	36	36	36
No	505	64	64	100

P3: Quality of public schools

[Public schools] How would you rate the quality of education provided by the following types of K-12 schools in your community?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	68	9	9	9
Good	289	37	37	45
Fair	254	32	32	77
Poor	179	23	23	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P4: Quality of Catholic schools

[Catholic schools] How would you rate the quality of education provided by the following types of K-12 schools in your community?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	91	11	11	11
Good	396	50	50	61
Fair	228	29	29	90
Poor	75	9	9	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P5: Quality of non-Catholic religious schools

[Non-Catholic religious schools] How would you rate the quality of education provided by the following types of K-12 schools in your community?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	66	8	8	8
Good	378	48	48	56
Fair	271	34	34	90
Poor	75	9	9	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P6: Quality of private non-religious schools

[Private, non-religious schools] How would you rate the quality of education provided by the following types of K-12 schools in your community?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	120	15	15	15
Good	450	57	57	72
Fair	178	22	22	95
Poor	41	5	5	100
Web blank	2	0	0	100

P7: Quality of homeschooling

[Home schooling] How would you rate the quality of education provided by the following types of K-12 schools in your community?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	110	14	14	14
Good	296	37	37	51
Fair	257	33	33	84
Poor	125	16	16	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P8: Licensed concealed carry

Do you favor or oppose laws that allow most people to obtain a license to carry concealed handguns?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	290	37	37	37
Somewhat favor	211	27	27	63
Somewhat oppose	119	15	15	78
Strongly oppose	170	22	22	100

P9: Unlicensed concealed carry

Do you favor or oppose laws that allow most people to carry concealed handgunswithout needing to obtain a license?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	113	14	14	14
Somewhat favor	82	10	10	25
Somewhat oppose	118	15	15	40
Strongly oppose	476	60	60	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P10: State concealed carry law

Does your state law allow most people to carry concealed handgunswithout needing to obtain a license?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
State does allow concealed handguns without a license	198	25	25	25
State does NOT allow concealed handguns without a license	390	49	49	74
Don't know	203	26	26	100

P11: Allow gun confiscation

Would you favor or oppose a law allowing the police to take guns away from people who have been found by a judge to be a danger to themselves or others?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	489	62	62	62
Somewhat favor	192	24	24	86
Somewhat oppose	60	8	8	94
Strongly oppose	50	6	6	100

P12: Student loan cancellation

Do you favor or oppose the decision to forgive and cancel up to $20,000 of federal student loan debt?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	329	42	42	42
Somewhat favor	142	18	18	60
Somewhat oppose	92	12	12	71
Strongly oppose	227	29	29	100

P13: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	275	35	35	35
Not enough support	176	22	22	57
About the right amount of support	340	43	43	100

P14: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs	448	57	57	57
Stay out of world affairs	343	43	43	100

P15: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	321	41	41	41
Joe Biden	271	34	34	75
Someone else	146	19	19	93
Wouldn't vote	52	7	7	100

P15B: Trump vs Biden, leaners

If you had to choose, would you vote for [Biden] or for [Trump]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	94	12	47	47
Joe Biden	102	13	51	99
Skipped/Ref	3	0	1	100
(Missing)	593	75	NA	NA

P15: Trump vs Biden, with leaners

[combination of i4i and preference in i4lean]
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	415	52	52	52
Joe Biden	373	47	47	100
Someone else	1	0	0	100
Wouldn't vote	2	0	0	100

P16: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis	299	38	38	38
Joe Biden	296	37	37	75
Someone else	139	18	18	93
Wouldn't vote	56	7	7	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P16B: DeSantis vs Biden, leaners

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [DeSantis]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis	113	14	58	58
Joe Biden	81	10	42	99
Skipped/Ref	1	0	1	100
(Missing)	596	75	NA	NA

P16: DeSantis vs Biden, with leaners

[combination of i5 and preference in i5lean]
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis	412	52	52	52
Joe Biden	377	48	48	100
Someone else	1	0	0	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P17: Transgender sports participation

[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	581	73	73	73
Oppose	208	26	26	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P18: Private school vouchers

[Provide state funding for vouchers to pay for tuition for K-12 students to attend private or religious schools of their choice instead of public schools] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	427	54	54	54
Oppose	363	46	46	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P19: Ban gender-affirming care for minors

[Ban “gender-affirming” care such as hormone therapy or surgery for transgender minors under 18] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	444	56	56	56
Oppose	345	44	44	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P20: Ban AR-15 sales

[Ban the sale of “AR-15 style” semiautomatic rifles in your state] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favor	481	61	61	61
Oppose	310	39	39	100

P21: Killings of Black Americans by police

Do you think recent killings of Black Americans by police are isolated incidents or part of a larger pattern in the police's treatment of Black Americans?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Isolated incidents	381	48	48	48
Part of a larger pattern	409	52	52	100

P22: Fav/Unfav: BLM movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion	282	36	36	36
Unfavorable opinion	406	51	51	87
Haven't heard enough	101	13	13	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P23: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A very big problem	322	41	41	41
A moderately big problem	267	34	34	74
A small problem	159	20	20	95
Not a problem at all	42	5	5	100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Just about always	13	2	2	2
Most of the time	122	15	15	17
Only some of the time	486	61	61	79
Never	170	21	21	100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted	423	54	54	54
Most people can't be trusted	367	46	46	100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	791	100	100	100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	271	34	34	34
Democrat	242	31	31	65
Independent	203	26	26	91
Other/No preference	75	9	9	100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strong	309	39	60	60
Not very strong	204	26	40	100
(Missing)	278	35	NA	NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	87	11	31	31
Democratic	92	12	33	65
Neither	97	12	35	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100
(Missing)	513	65	NA	NA

P24: Preferred primary

Are you more likely to vote in the Republican or the Democratic presidential primary in your state in 2024, or would you not vote in either?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	365	46	46	46
Democratic	321	41	41	87
Would not vote in either	104	13	13	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P25: GOP primary 2024

results shown only for those planning to vote in the Republican primary

Here are some potential candidates for the Republican presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Chris Christie	1	0	0	0
Ron DeSantis	88	11	25	26
Larry Elder	3	0	1	26
Nikki Haley	16	2	5	31
Asa Hutchinson	0	0	0	31
Mike Pence	6	1	2	33
Vivek Ramaswamy	11	1	3	36
Tim Scott	5	1	1	38
Chris Sununu	3	0	1	39
Donald Trump	160	20	46	84
Undecided	54	7	16	100
(Missing)	442	56	NA	NA

P26: Trump vs DeSantis

results shown only for those planning to vote in the Republican primary

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	183	23	52	52
Ron DeSantis	166	21	48	100
(Missing)	442	56	NA	NA

P27: Democratic primary 2024

results shown only for those planning to vote in the Democratic primary

Here are some potential candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	164	21	53	53
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.	37	5	12	64
Marianne Williamson	23	3	7	72
Undecided	88	11	28	100
(Missing)	480	61	NA	NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
More than once a week	40	5	5	5
Once a week	115	15	15	20
Once or twice a month	54	7	7	26
A few times a year	111	14	14	41
Seldom	235	30	30	70
Never	235	30	30	100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes, would	222	28	28	28
No, would not	569	72	72	100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	112	14	14	14
Somewhat conservative	194	24	24	39
Moderate	268	34	34	73
Somewhat liberal	130	16	16	89
Very liberal	86	11	11	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day	70	9	9	9
A few times a week	251	32	32	41
A few times a month	206	26	26	67
Once a month	72	9	9	76
Less than once a month	139	18	18	93
Not at all	52	7	7	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	204	26	26	26
No	587	74	74	100

Z8: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	324	41	41	41
Joe Biden	339	43	43	84
Someone else	49	6	6	90
I did not vote in the 2020 presidential election	77	10	10	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	271	34	34	34
Lean Republican	87	11	11	45
Independent	97	12	12	58
Lean Democrat	92	12	12	69
Democrat	242	31	31	100
Refused	1	0	0	100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	358	45	45	45
Independent	97	12	12	58
Democrat	334	42	42	100
Refused	1	0	0	100

gender

sex
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Male	380	48	48	48
Female	395	50	50	98
Another gender	6	1	1	99
Skipped/Ref	10	1	1	100

age

age, 4 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
18-29	110	14	14	14
30-44	200	25	25	39
45-59	205	26	26	65
60+	275	35	35	100

education

education - 5 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than HS	59	8	8	8
HS graduate	211	27	27	34
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	211	27	27	61
Bachelor's degree	171	22	22	83
Post grad study/professional degree	138	17	17	100

income

income recode
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k	183	23	23	23
$30k to less than $50k	144	18	18	41
$50k to less than $75k	142	18	18	59
$75k to less than $100k	120	15	15	75
$100k or more	200	25	25	100
DK/NA/Ref	1	0	0	100

marital status

marital status
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Married	405	51	51	51
Widowed	46	6	6	57
Divorced	75	9	9	67
Separated	10	1	1	68
Single, never married	156	20	20	88
Single, cohabitating	95	12	12	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
White	524	66	66	66
Black	95	12	12	78
Hispanic	108	14	14	92
Other/Multiple	57	7	7	99
Skipped/Ref	7	1	1	100

religious affiliation

religious identification
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant	180	23	23	23
Mainline Protestant	136	17	17	40
Roman Catholic	157	20	20	60
No religion	225	28	29	88
Other religion	91	11	12	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100
(Missing)	1	0	NA	NA