Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll July 7-12, 2023

Court items only

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove	n
sex
Male	18	33	25	24	470
Female	10	29	36	25	487
Another gender	0	16	0	84	20
age
18-29	2	36	36	27	186
30-44	12	30	27	32	267
45-59	15	32	39	15	235
60+	20	30	23	27	318
education
Less than HS	4	47	37	12	93
HS graduate	13	36	28	24	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	14	27	35	24	267
Bachelor's degree	19	25	29	26	179
Post grad study/professional degree	13	28	23	36	172
income
Less than $30k	8	34	35	22	315
$30k to less than $50k	12	32	38	18	172
$50k to less than $75k	13	27	24	36	146
$75k to less than $100k	13	32	24	31	135
$100k or more	21	29	25	25	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	29	40	25	6	403
Independent	5	35	38	21	180
Democrat	2	21	32	45	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	31	40	23	6	302
Independent	8	32	36	23	413
Democrat	2	22	28	48	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	31	40	23	6	302
Lean Republican	22	42	28	7	102
Independent	5	35	38	21	180
Lean Democrat	3	19	40	39	131
Democrat	2	22	28	48	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	37	38	21	4	192
Weak Republican	21	42	27	9	110
Lean Republican	22	42	28	7	102
Independent	5	35	38	21	180
Lean Democrat	3	19	40	39	131
Weak Democrat	2	30	38	30	126
Strong Democrat	2	16	20	63	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	4	33	33	30	262
Single, living with a partner	6	30	34	30	91
Married	21	32	26	20	451
Separated	16	18	51	15	30
Widowed	9	50	24	18	38
Divorced	13	23	32	33	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	18	32	25	25	601
Black Non-Hispanic	9	26	36	29	122
Hispanic	7	31	39	24	163
Other	6	30	39	25	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	26	32	31	10	88
Once a week	25	37	27	12	129
Once or twice a month	10	51	25	13	66
A few times a year	11	43	22	25	135
Seldom	13	31	34	22	248
Never	8	21	32	39	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	27	39	22	12	184
Mainline Protestant	11	34	28	28	147
Roman Catholic	16	41	26	17	188
No religion	6	22	34	38	319
Other religion	12	29	38	22	166
ideology
Very conservative	42	40	14	4	126
Somewhat conservative	23	46	25	6	227
Moderate	7	33	38	23	398
Somewhat liberal	1	16	37	46	146
Very liberal	1	7	20	71	106
voter registration status
Yes	15	32	26	26	788
No	6	29	43	22	217

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Approve	Disapprove	n
sex
Male	51	49	470
Female	39	61	487
Another gender	16	84	20
age
18-29	38	62	186
30-44	41	58	267
45-59	47	53	235
60+	50	50	318
education
Less than HS	51	49	93
HS graduate	49	51	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	41	59	267
Bachelor's degree	44	56	179
Post grad study/professional degree	40	60	172
income
Less than $30k	42	58	315
$30k to less than $50k	44	56	172
$50k to less than $75k	41	59	146
$75k to less than $100k	45	55	135
$100k or more	50	50	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	69	31	403
Independent	40	59	180
Democrat	23	77	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	71	29	302
Independent	40	60	413
Democrat	24	76	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	71	29	302
Lean Republican	64	36	102
Independent	40	59	180
Lean Democrat	22	78	131
Democrat	24	76	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	75	25	192
Weak Republican	64	36	110
Lean Republican	64	36	102
Independent	40	59	180
Lean Democrat	22	78	131
Weak Democrat	32	68	126
Strong Democrat	18	82	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	37	63	262
Single, living with a partner	36	64	91
Married	53	47	451
Separated	34	66	30
Widowed	58	42	38
Divorced	36	64	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	50	50	601
Black Non-Hispanic	35	65	122
Hispanic	37	63	163
Other	36	64	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	58	41	88
Once a week	62	38	129
Once or twice a month	62	38	66
A few times a year	53	47	135
Seldom	44	56	248
Never	29	71	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	65	35	184
Mainline Protestant	44	56	147
Roman Catholic	57	43	188
No religion	28	72	319
Other religion	41	59	166
ideology
Very conservative	82	18	126
Somewhat conservative	69	31	227
Moderate	39	61	398
Somewhat liberal	17	83	146
Very liberal	9	91	106
voter registration status
Yes	47	53	788
No	35	65	217

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	12	28	29	18	13	470
Female	7	16	36	27	14	487
Another gender	11	0	5	25	59	20
age
18-29	9	23	25	23	20	186
30-44	7	17	33	23	20	267
45-59	12	22	37	23	7	235
60+	14	21	31	21	12	318
education
Less than HS	15	24	29	25	6	93
HS graduate	11	18	37	19	15	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	8	19	34	21	18	267
Bachelor's degree	12	24	27	25	11	179
Post grad study/professional degree	10	21	27	25	16	172
income
Less than $30k	9	19	30	26	15	315
$30k to less than $50k	12	14	41	18	14	172
$50k to less than $75k	9	16	35	21	18	146
$75k to less than $100k	11	21	27	23	18	135
$100k or more	12	30	28	21	9	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	29	34	15	2	403
Independent	8	11	39	19	22	180
Democrat	3	17	27	31	23	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	19	30	37	12	2	302
Independent	9	18	31	23	18	413
Democrat	4	15	27	33	22	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	19	30	37	12	2	302
Lean Republican	21	27	26	24	2	102
Independent	8	11	39	19	22	180
Lean Democrat	2	21	25	27	24	131
Democrat	4	15	27	33	22	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	25	26	37	10	2	192
Weak Republican	8	36	38	15	2	110
Lean Republican	21	27	26	24	2	102
Independent	8	11	39	19	22	180
Lean Democrat	2	21	25	27	24	131
Weak Democrat	4	18	34	27	17	126
Strong Democrat	3	12	22	37	26	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	7	18	28	22	25	262
Single, living with a partner	2	24	32	30	11	91
Married	14	24	32	20	10	451
Separated	5	24	37	27	7	30
Widowed	7	28	35	25	5	38
Divorced	13	8	38	25	16	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	12	23	32	19	13	601
Black Non-Hispanic	4	14	28	36	18	122
Hispanic	6	20	34	29	13	163
Other	13	10	33	21	23	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	22	43	15	8	88
Once a week	16	35	23	21	5	129
Once or twice a month	8	31	34	11	16	66
A few times a year	14	22	32	25	8	135
Seldom	8	16	38	24	13	248
Never	9	15	28	25	23	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	15	31	32	12	10	184
Mainline Protestant	11	23	28	27	10	147
Roman Catholic	9	26	32	22	10	188
No religion	6	16	30	27	22	319
Other religion	15	9	39	23	14	166
ideology
Very conservative	24	29	31	11	4	126
Somewhat conservative	16	29	39	13	3	227
Moderate	8	19	34	24	14	398
Somewhat liberal	3	13	25	39	19	146
Very liberal	2	6	19	28	45	106
voter registration status
Yes	11	23	31	22	13	788
No	8	12	36	25	19	217

C6: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	n
sex
Male	4	12	38	46	470
Female	5	21	46	28	487
Another gender	0	0	42	58	20
age
18-29	2	23	48	26	186
30-44	8	17	40	35	267
45-59	8	16	40	37	235
60+	1	14	41	43	318
education
Less than HS	17	23	34	26	93
HS graduate	5	24	40	31	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	4	16	49	31	267
Bachelor's degree	2	11	47	40	179
Post grad study/professional degree	1	10	33	56	172
income
Less than $30k	8	22	41	28	315
$30k to less than $50k	6	18	46	31	172
$50k to less than $75k	6	20	37	37	146
$75k to less than $100k	1	13	45	41	135
$100k or more	1	10	41	48	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	6	20	41	33	403
Independent	1	29	49	20	180
Democrat	5	9	39	47	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	4	21	41	34	302
Independent	3	20	46	31	413
Democrat	7	10	36	47	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	4	21	41	34	302
Lean Republican	10	20	41	29	102
Independent	1	29	49	20	180
Lean Democrat	1	7	46	46	131
Democrat	7	10	36	47	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	5	20	38	37	192
Weak Republican	3	22	47	28	110
Lean Republican	10	20	41	29	102
Independent	1	29	49	20	180
Lean Democrat	1	7	46	46	131
Weak Democrat	10	9	54	27	126
Strong Democrat	4	10	22	63	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	6	17	43	33	262
Single, living with a partner	9	24	37	31	91
Married	3	16	42	38	451
Separated	7	29	53	11	30
Widowed	1	17	49	33	38
Divorced	4	12	36	47	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	3	14	43	39	601
Black Non-Hispanic	6	18	41	35	122
Hispanic	6	19	43	32	163
Other	6	28	30	36	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	0	16	57	25	88
Once a week	6	18	39	37	129
Once or twice a month	14	26	45	15	66
A few times a year	1	25	40	33	135
Seldom	6	12	47	35	248
Never	4	15	35	46	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	7	17	42	33	184
Mainline Protestant	4	20	41	35	147
Roman Catholic	5	18	41	36	188
No religion	4	14	40	42	319
Other religion	3	20	46	30	166
ideology
Very conservative	7	19	31	42	126
Somewhat conservative	7	21	44	28	227
Moderate	5	22	46	28	398
Somewhat liberal	2	6	43	48	146
Very liberal	0	4	32	64	106
voter registration status
Yes	4	15	40	41	788
No	8	26	47	18	217

C17: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	59	28	13	470
Female	43	36	21	487
Another gender	50	13	37	20
age
18-29	36	42	21	186
30-44	43	32	25	267
45-59	52	32	15	235
60+	65	23	12	318
education
Less than HS	29	45	26	93
HS graduate	37	39	24	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	50	34	16	267
Bachelor's degree	71	16	13	179
Post grad study/professional degree	68	22	10	172
income
Less than $30k	36	39	25	315
$30k to less than $50k	51	33	16	172
$50k to less than $75k	51	30	18	146
$75k to less than $100k	54	29	16	135
$100k or more	69	20	11	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	55	30	15	403
Independent	31	31	38	180
Democrat	55	32	12	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	55	30	14	302
Independent	43	34	23	413
Democrat	57	29	14	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	55	30	14	302
Lean Republican	53	31	16	102
Independent	31	31	38	180
Lean Democrat	51	40	9	131
Democrat	57	29	14	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	55	31	14	192
Weak Republican	56	28	16	110
Lean Republican	53	31	16	102
Independent	31	31	38	180
Lean Democrat	51	40	9	131
Weak Democrat	46	35	19	126
Strong Democrat	66	24	10	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	43	34	23	262
Single, living with a partner	47	35	18	91
Married	55	29	15	451
Separated	25	44	31	30
Widowed	37	36	27	38
Divorced	64	23	12	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	54	28	18	601
Black Non-Hispanic	55	31	14	122
Hispanic	40	41	19	163
Other	44	35	20	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	45	34	21	88
Once a week	56	29	15	129
Once or twice a month	32	39	28	66
A few times a year	48	40	12	135
Seldom	55	28	17	248
Never	52	28	20	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	53	31	16	184
Mainline Protestant	55	31	14	147
Roman Catholic	51	35	14	188
No religion	52	30	19	319
Other religion	43	30	27	166
ideology
Very conservative	64	23	13	126
Somewhat conservative	52	33	14	227
Moderate	41	34	26	398
Somewhat liberal	54	35	10	146
Very liberal	67	21	12	106
voter registration status
Yes	58	28	14	788
No	26	42	31	217

C19: Heard about Alito finance disclosures

[News stories about Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito’s financial disclosure reports] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	15	38	47	470
Female	15	31	54	487
Another gender	9	12	78	20
age
18-29	13	24	63	186
30-44	13	33	54	267
45-59	8	35	57	235
60+	24	38	38	318
education
Less than HS	9	24	67	93
HS graduate	13	32	55	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	14	33	53	267
Bachelor's degree	22	33	45	179
Post grad study/professional degree	19	42	39	172
income
Less than $30k	16	28	57	315
$30k to less than $50k	12	36	52	172
$50k to less than $75k	14	30	56	146
$75k to less than $100k	16	34	50	135
$100k or more	18	41	41	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	9	32	59	403
Independent	11	18	71	180
Democrat	23	41	35	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	7	35	57	302
Independent	14	26	61	413
Democrat	27	42	32	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	7	35	57	302
Lean Republican	14	21	64	102
Independent	11	18	71	180
Lean Democrat	16	40	43	131
Democrat	27	42	32	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	8	35	56	192
Weak Republican	6	36	59	110
Lean Republican	14	21	64	102
Independent	11	18	71	180
Lean Democrat	16	40	43	131
Weak Democrat	15	43	42	126
Strong Democrat	35	41	24	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	12	33	55	262
Single, living with a partner	21	21	58	91
Married	13	37	50	451
Separated	9	33	57	30
Widowed	13	38	49	38
Divorced	27	29	44	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	18	32	50	601
Black Non-Hispanic	19	38	43	122
Hispanic	10	36	54	163
Other	5	37	59	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	9	45	46	88
Once a week	15	38	47	129
Once or twice a month	17	35	49	66
A few times a year	14	32	54	135
Seldom	20	32	49	248
Never	15	30	55	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	11	42	47	184
Mainline Protestant	29	29	43	147
Roman Catholic	14	39	47	188
No religion	17	29	54	319
Other religion	8	30	61	166
ideology
Very conservative	9	42	50	126
Somewhat conservative	10	33	56	227
Moderate	12	31	57	398
Somewhat liberal	30	32	38	146
Very liberal	27	33	40	106
voter registration status
Yes	17	35	48	788
No	10	27	63	217

C20: Heard about Alabama district case

[A Supreme Court case concerning congressional districts in Alabama] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	12	36	52	470
Female	9	35	56	487
Another gender	9	32	59	20
age
18-29	7	40	53	186
30-44	7	29	64	267
45-59	10	34	56	235
60+	15	41	45	318
education
Less than HS	5	36	59	93
HS graduate	8	33	59	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	10	33	57	267
Bachelor's degree	17	39	44	179
Post grad study/professional degree	11	42	48	172
income
Less than $30k	8	36	56	315
$30k to less than $50k	9	41	51	172
$50k to less than $75k	13	28	60	146
$75k to less than $100k	10	36	54	135
$100k or more	14	38	48	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	8	33	59	403
Independent	10	24	66	180
Democrat	12	43	44	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	7	33	61	302
Independent	11	32	57	413
Democrat	12	45	42	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	7	33	61	302
Lean Republican	13	35	52	102
Independent	10	24	66	180
Lean Democrat	12	39	49	131
Democrat	12	45	42	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	6	33	61	192
Weak Republican	8	32	60	110
Lean Republican	13	35	52	102
Independent	10	24	66	180
Lean Democrat	12	39	49	131
Weak Democrat	4	39	57	126
Strong Democrat	19	50	31	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	7	36	57	262
Single, living with a partner	18	27	55	91
Married	11	35	54	451
Separated	4	34	62	30
Widowed	9	52	39	38
Divorced	11	41	48	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	10	36	55	601
Black Non-Hispanic	17	39	44	122
Hispanic	11	36	53	163
Other	3	34	63	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	8	36	56	88
Once a week	14	33	53	129
Once or twice a month	3	36	61	66
A few times a year	12	47	41	135
Seldom	12	35	54	248
Never	9	33	58	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	9	41	50	184
Mainline Protestant	19	35	46	147
Roman Catholic	11	37	52	188
No religion	7	33	60	319
Other religion	8	36	56	166
ideology
Very conservative	10	38	52	126
Somewhat conservative	7	40	53	227
Moderate	11	29	60	398
Somewhat liberal	14	39	47	146
Very liberal	10	47	43	106
voter registration status
Yes	12	37	51	788
No	4	31	64	217

C21: Heard about student loan case

[A Supreme Court case concerning student loan forgiveness] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	62	34	4	470
Female	50	41	9	487
Another gender	30	59	11	20
age
18-29	45	43	11	186
30-44	49	44	8	267
45-59	58	37	5	235
60+	66	30	5	318
education
Less than HS	40	53	6	93
HS graduate	49	42	9	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	51	41	8	267
Bachelor's degree	74	20	6	179
Post grad study/professional degree	62	36	2	172
income
Less than $30k	45	48	7	315
$30k to less than $50k	55	35	9	172
$50k to less than $75k	57	35	8	146
$75k to less than $100k	64	33	3	135
$100k or more	64	31	5	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	60	35	5	403
Independent	39	44	18	180
Democrat	59	38	3	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	62	31	6	302
Independent	51	41	8	413
Democrat	56	40	5	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	62	31	6	302
Lean Republican	52	45	3	102
Independent	39	44	18	180
Lean Democrat	66	34	0	131
Democrat	56	40	5	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	64	28	8	192
Weak Republican	60	37	3	110
Lean Republican	52	45	3	102
Independent	39	44	18	180
Lean Democrat	66	34	0	131
Weak Democrat	53	40	7	126
Strong Democrat	58	39	3	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	47	43	10	262
Single, living with a partner	53	42	6	91
Married	60	35	5	451
Separated	47	47	6	30
Widowed	52	42	6	38
Divorced	64	29	6	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	57	37	6	601
Black Non-Hispanic	56	41	3	122
Hispanic	53	40	7	163
Other	46	40	14	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	49	48	4	88
Once a week	59	36	5	129
Once or twice a month	44	38	18	66
A few times a year	59	39	2	135
Seldom	61	34	5	248
Never	53	38	8	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	57	34	9	184
Mainline Protestant	61	34	6	147
Roman Catholic	61	35	3	188
No religion	51	42	7	319
Other religion	52	40	8	166
ideology
Very conservative	66	28	6	126
Somewhat conservative	57	35	8	227
Moderate	52	41	8	398
Somewhat liberal	51	44	4	146
Very liberal	61	35	3	106
voter registration status
Yes	61	34	5	788
No	36	52	12	217

C22: Heard about independent legislature case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the powers of state legislatures to set the rules for federal elections for congress and president] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	19	47	34	470
Female	14	45	42	487
Another gender	31	41	28	20
age
18-29	13	44	43	186
30-44	14	42	44	267
45-59	17	51	32	235
60+	21	46	33	318
education
Less than HS	16	44	40	93
HS graduate	14	42	44	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	13	47	40	267
Bachelor's degree	22	54	25	179
Post grad study/professional degree	23	42	35	172
income
Less than $30k	15	43	41	315
$30k to less than $50k	14	49	37	172
$50k to less than $75k	16	38	45	146
$75k to less than $100k	20	43	38	135
$100k or more	19	52	28	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	12	48	40	403
Independent	5	32	63	180
Democrat	25	49	25	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	12	48	40	302
Independent	14	40	45	413
Democrat	25	50	25	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	12	48	40	302
Lean Republican	14	47	40	102
Independent	5	32	63	180
Lean Democrat	27	47	25	131
Democrat	25	50	25	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	14	42	44	192
Weak Republican	9	58	33	110
Lean Republican	14	47	40	102
Independent	5	32	63	180
Lean Democrat	27	47	25	131
Weak Democrat	13	51	36	126
Strong Democrat	34	50	16	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	17	44	39	262
Single, living with a partner	17	38	45	91
Married	15	49	36	451
Separated	4	43	53	30
Widowed	13	53	34	38
Divorced	25	42	33	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	17	45	38	601
Black Non-Hispanic	20	53	27	122
Hispanic	15	49	36	163
Other	14	41	45	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	15	44	41	88
Once a week	22	40	37	129
Once or twice a month	10	51	39	66
A few times a year	17	56	27	135
Seldom	16	49	35	248
Never	16	41	43	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	17	44	39	184
Mainline Protestant	15	52	32	147
Roman Catholic	18	52	31	188
No religion	16	41	43	319
Other religion	17	44	39	166
ideology
Very conservative	17	42	41	126
Somewhat conservative	14	50	36	227
Moderate	13	41	46	398
Somewhat liberal	24	53	22	146
Very liberal	25	48	27	106
voter registration status
Yes	18	48	34	788
No	12	37	51	217

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Very conservative	Somewhat conservative	Moderate	Somewhat liberal	Very liberal	n
sex
Male	27	42	23	5	3	470
Female	25	30	32	10	3	487
Another gender	75	9	16	0	0	20
age
18-29	27	34	26	10	2	186
30-44	29	29	32	7	4	267
45-59	23	38	29	7	4	235
60+	29	38	24	7	2	318
education
Less than HS	21	25	36	9	9	93
HS graduate	22	34	31	8	5	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	24	33	29	11	2	267
Bachelor's degree	30	44	22	4	0	179
Post grad study/professional degree	41	35	20	3	1	172
income
Less than $30k	25	28	33	10	4	315
$30k to less than $50k	20	35	30	11	4	172
$50k to less than $75k	28	33	29	5	3	146
$75k to less than $100k	36	39	18	4	2	135
$100k or more	28	43	23	4	2	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	7	46	34	9	3	403
Independent	22	20	43	9	5	180
Democrat	48	30	15	5	2	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	8	47	32	9	4	302
Independent	25	32	32	7	3	413
Democrat	50	26	17	5	2	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	8	47	32	9	4	302
Lean Republican	5	44	40	9	1	102
Independent	22	20	43	9	5	180
Lean Democrat	44	40	11	4	2	131
Democrat	50	26	17	5	2	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	7	47	32	10	4	192
Weak Republican	10	48	31	7	3	110
Lean Republican	5	44	40	9	1	102
Independent	22	20	43	9	5	180
Lean Democrat	44	40	11	4	2	131
Weak Democrat	32	27	30	8	3	126
Strong Democrat	64	25	6	3	2	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	30	33	25	9	4	262
Single, living with a partner	28	26	36	6	4	91
Married	24	40	28	6	2	451
Separated	14	32	36	18	0	30
Widowed	17	39	38	5	1	38
Divorced	37	28	22	8	5	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	24	40	26	7	3	601
Black Non-Hispanic	38	23	26	9	4	122
Hispanic	32	26	36	6	1	163
Other	32	33	24	8	2	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	10	51	21	14	3	88
Once a week	18	41	32	7	1	129
Once or twice a month	8	38	40	11	3	66
A few times a year	33	31	25	9	1	135
Seldom	26	33	29	8	4	248
Never	37	30	25	4	4	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	12	43	30	11	3	184
Mainline Protestant	31	33	24	9	3	147
Roman Catholic	22	36	32	6	3	188
No religion	37	32	24	4	4	319
Other religion	27	31	30	9	2	166
ideology
Very conservative	8	49	32	5	6	126
Somewhat conservative	7	45	33	12	2	227
Moderate	26	28	33	9	3	398
Somewhat liberal	48	36	13	2	1	146
Very liberal	69	19	8	1	2	106
voter registration status
Yes	28	37	26	7	2	788
No	23	28	32	10	6	217

D7: SCOTUS ideology trend

Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally become…?
	Much more conservative	Somewhat more conservative	Hasn't changed much	Somewhat more liberal	Much more liberal	n
sex
Male	28	40	21	8	3	470
Female	28	30	23	14	5	487
Another gender	52	10	37	0	0	20
age
18-29	25	34	27	9	5	186
30-44	29	24	29	14	3	267
45-59	25	37	23	11	4	235
60+	33	38	15	10	4	318
education
Less than HS	12	25	45	13	5	93
HS graduate	20	33	27	11	8	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	29	30	22	15	3	267
Bachelor's degree	36	45	11	7	0	179
Post grad study/professional degree	43	33	16	8	1	172
income
Less than $30k	23	28	34	9	6	315
$30k to less than $50k	27	34	20	15	5	172
$50k to less than $75k	35	24	27	13	1	146
$75k to less than $100k	31	37	15	14	3	135
$100k or more	32	44	13	9	3	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	11	46	22	17	4	403
Independent	16	29	37	11	6	180
Democrat	51	24	17	6	3	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	11	45	21	19	5	302
Independent	23	35	27	10	4	413
Democrat	54	19	18	6	2	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	11	45	21	19	5	302
Lean Republican	9	49	26	14	2	102
Independent	16	29	37	11	6	180
Lean Democrat	44	34	14	5	4	131
Democrat	54	19	18	6	2	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	12	42	22	18	6	192
Weak Republican	9	50	19	20	3	110
Lean Republican	9	49	26	14	2	102
Independent	16	29	37	11	6	180
Lean Democrat	44	34	14	5	4	131
Weak Democrat	35	23	31	9	2	126
Strong Democrat	69	16	8	3	3	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	28	32	27	8	5	262
Single, living with a partner	31	30	23	11	5	91
Married	27	37	20	13	2	451
Separated	19	27	31	17	6	30
Widowed	13	39	39	7	2	38
Divorced	40	25	16	11	7	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	26	38	22	11	4	601
Black Non-Hispanic	41	14	32	12	1	122
Hispanic	29	30	23	14	4	163
Other	36	30	17	11	5	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	10	57	9	16	8	88
Once a week	26	42	20	8	4	129
Once or twice a month	13	30	35	21	1	66
A few times a year	26	31	24	17	1	135
Seldom	30	30	23	15	2	248
Never	38	29	24	4	6	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	19	36	27	15	3	184
Mainline Protestant	28	37	22	8	5	147
Roman Catholic	25	40	19	11	5	188
No religion	40	28	22	8	3	319
Other religion	22	31	24	17	4	166
ideology
Very conservative	16	47	19	11	7	126
Somewhat conservative	9	43	26	19	4	227
Moderate	24	30	30	12	4	398
Somewhat liberal	55	27	13	3	2	146
Very liberal	69	19	7	3	2	106
voter registration status
Yes	31	35	21	11	3	788
No	20	30	30	13	8	217

D8: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Mainly politics	Mainly the law	n
sex
Male	52	48	470
Female	62	38	487
Another gender	89	11	20
age
18-29	69	31	186
30-44	64	36	267
45-59	55	45	235
60+	50	50	318
education
Less than HS	61	39	93
HS graduate	56	43	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	60	40	267
Bachelor's degree	56	44	179
Post grad study/professional degree	60	40	172
income
Less than $30k	66	34	315
$30k to less than $50k	59	41	172
$50k to less than $75k	57	43	146
$75k to less than $100k	59	41	135
$100k or more	48	52	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	35	65	403
Independent	69	31	180
Democrat	76	24	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	34	66	302
Independent	63	37	413
Democrat	76	23	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	34	66	302
Lean Republican	36	64	102
Independent	69	31	180
Lean Democrat	76	24	131
Democrat	76	23	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	32	68	192
Weak Republican	38	62	110
Lean Republican	36	64	102
Independent	69	31	180
Lean Democrat	76	24	131
Weak Democrat	74	26	126
Strong Democrat	79	21	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	70	29	262
Single, living with a partner	76	24	91
Married	48	52	451
Separated	60	40	30
Widowed	43	57	38
Divorced	60	40	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	51	49	601
Black Non-Hispanic	67	33	122
Hispanic	67	33	163
Other	70	30	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	46	54	88
Once a week	47	53	129
Once or twice a month	53	47	66
A few times a year	61	39	135
Seldom	58	42	248
Never	66	34	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	42	58	184
Mainline Protestant	58	42	147
Roman Catholic	58	41	188
No religion	66	34	319
Other religion	61	39	166
ideology
Very conservative	37	63	126
Somewhat conservative	36	64	227
Moderate	66	34	398
Somewhat liberal	71	29	146
Very liberal	84	16	106
voter registration status
Yes	55	45	788
No	70	30	217

D9: Should justices consider public opinion

Should justices of the Supreme Court consider public opinion about a case when making decisions or should they ignore public opinion?
	Should consider public opinion	Should ignore public opinion	n
sex
Male	43	57	470
Female	54	46	487
Another gender	51	49	20
age
18-29	72	28	186
30-44	59	41	267
45-59	40	60	235
60+	36	64	318
education
Less than HS	75	25	93
HS graduate	52	48	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	48	52	267
Bachelor's degree	41	59	179
Post grad study/professional degree	45	55	172
income
Less than $30k	62	37	315
$30k to less than $50k	56	44	172
$50k to less than $75k	44	56	146
$75k to less than $100k	38	62	135
$100k or more	39	61	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	32	68	403
Independent	60	40	180
Democrat	62	38	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	31	69	302
Independent	53	47	413
Democrat	64	35	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	31	69	302
Lean Republican	36	64	102
Independent	60	40	180
Lean Democrat	57	43	131
Democrat	64	35	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	23	77	192
Weak Republican	45	55	110
Lean Republican	36	64	102
Independent	60	40	180
Lean Democrat	57	43	131
Weak Democrat	67	33	126
Strong Democrat	63	37	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	67	32	262
Single, living with a partner	72	28	91
Married	37	63	451
Separated	41	59	30
Widowed	48	52	38
Divorced	45	55	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	43	57	601
Black Non-Hispanic	60	40	122
Hispanic	57	43	163
Other	66	34	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	28	72	88
Once a week	36	64	129
Once or twice a month	58	42	66
A few times a year	58	42	135
Seldom	47	52	248
Never	57	43	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	35	65	184
Mainline Protestant	57	43	147
Roman Catholic	42	57	188
No religion	61	39	319
Other religion	48	52	166
ideology
Very conservative	20	80	126
Somewhat conservative	32	68	227
Moderate	60	40	398
Somewhat liberal	63	37	146
Very liberal	69	31	106
voter registration status
Yes	46	54	788
No	62	38	217

H1: Affirmative action

[Ruled that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	8	13	59	20	470
Female	11	22	44	22	487
Another gender	28	10	0	63	20
age
18-29	9	24	49	19	186
30-44	14	25	37	23	267
45-59	10	16	55	19	235
60+	7	10	59	25	318
education
Less than HS	16	30	44	10	93
HS graduate	16	19	53	13	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	10	19	49	23	267
Bachelor's degree	4	19	51	26	179
Post grad study/professional degree	2	8	51	39	172
income
Less than $30k	12	25	43	20	315
$30k to less than $50k	10	21	50	19	172
$50k to less than $75k	11	19	50	21	146
$75k to less than $100k	8	13	51	29	135
$100k or more	7	10	60	23	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	8	13	74	4	403
Independent	17	27	36	20	180
Democrat	8	19	34	39	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	9	9	78	5	302
Independent	12	24	44	21	413
Democrat	8	20	30	42	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	9	9	78	5	302
Lean Republican	7	28	62	3	102
Independent	17	27	36	20	180
Lean Democrat	9	16	42	34	131
Democrat	8	20	30	42	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	8	7	81	5	192
Weak Republican	11	12	72	5	110
Lean Republican	7	28	62	3	102
Independent	17	27	36	20	180
Lean Democrat	9	16	42	34	131
Weak Democrat	13	24	36	27	126
Strong Democrat	4	17	26	53	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	10	24	43	22	262
Single, living with a partner	13	16	50	22	91
Married	7	14	58	21	451
Separated	19	29	39	12	30
Widowed	25	26	38	11	38
Divorced	8	16	44	32	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	17	57	18	601
Black Non-Hispanic	14	23	21	43	122
Hispanic	13	21	45	21	163
Other	4	15	54	27	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	23	44	20	88
Once a week	7	15	62	16	129
Once or twice a month	9	32	44	15	66
A few times a year	4	19	58	19	135
Seldom	11	14	48	27	248
Never	12	18	47	23	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	11	12	60	16	184
Mainline Protestant	5	19	57	20	147
Roman Catholic	8	15	61	16	188
No religion	11	19	37	32	319
Other religion	12	26	46	17	166
ideology
Very conservative	8	6	81	5	126
Somewhat conservative	6	19	69	7	227
Moderate	13	22	46	18	398
Somewhat liberal	7	21	26	46	146
Very liberal	8	12	22	58	106
voter registration status
Yes	8	14	54	24	788
No	14	32	38	16	217

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	75	25	370
Female	66	34	325
Another gender	0	100	12
age
18-29	72	28	126
30-44	61	39	161
45-59	74	26	174
60+	70	30	264
education
Less than HS	81	19	51
HS graduate	81	19	192
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	68	32	190
Bachelor's degree	66	34	138
Post grad study/professional degree	56	44	154
income
Less than $30k	68	32	200
$30k to less than $50k	72	28	118
$50k to less than $75k	71	29	103
$75k to less than $100k	64	36	108
$100k or more	72	28	195
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	94	6	315
Independent	64	36	101
Democrat	46	54	309
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	94	6	249
Independent	68	32	266
Democrat	42	58	210
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	94	6	249
Lean Republican	95	5	66
Independent	64	36	101
Lean Democrat	55	45	99
Democrat	42	58	210
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	94	6	164
Weak Republican	94	6	85
Lean Republican	95	5	66
Independent	64	36	101
Lean Democrat	55	45	99
Weak Democrat	57	43	80
Strong Democrat	33	67	130
marital status
Single, that is never married	66	34	172
Single, living with a partner	70	30	65
Married	74	26	353
Separated	76	24	15
Widowed	77	23	19
Divorced	58	42	101
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	76	24	447
Black Non-Hispanic	33	67	77
Hispanic	68	32	108
Other	67	33	70
religious service attendance
More than once a week	68	32	56
Once a week	79	21	101
Once or twice a month	74	26	39
A few times a year	75	25	105
Seldom	64	36	185
Never	67	33	239
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	79	21	141
Mainline Protestant	74	26	112
Roman Catholic	79	21	145
No religion	54	46	223
Other religion	72	28	104
ideology
Very conservative	94	6	109
Somewhat conservative	91	9	172
Moderate	72	28	255
Somewhat liberal	36	64	105
Very liberal	27	73	85
voter registration status
Yes	69	31	609
No	70	30	116

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Ruled that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	16	14	44	27	470
Female	14	22	30	34	487
Another gender	11	19	0	70	20
age
18-29	11	32	18	39	186
30-44	21	16	32	31	267
45-59	13	17	40	30	235
60+	12	13	45	30	318
education
Less than HS	27	18	28	26	93
HS graduate	20	19	36	24	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	13	20	34	33	267
Bachelor's degree	9	21	40	30	179
Post grad study/professional degree	6	10	36	47	172
income
Less than $30k	18	21	28	33	315
$30k to less than $50k	14	24	32	30	172
$50k to less than $75k	14	12	44	30	146
$75k to less than $100k	13	17	40	30	135
$100k or more	11	15	40	34	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	13	19	59	9	403
Independent	29	14	26	30	180
Democrat	10	19	17	54	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	14	18	59	9	302
Independent	18	18	33	31	413
Democrat	11	19	14	56	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	14	18	59	9	302
Lean Republican	11	21	60	9	102
Independent	29	14	26	30	180
Lean Democrat	7	20	23	50	131
Democrat	11	19	14	56	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	15	16	62	7	192
Weak Republican	11	22	54	13	110
Lean Republican	11	21	60	9	102
Independent	29	14	26	30	180
Lean Democrat	7	20	23	50	131
Weak Democrat	13	25	16	46	126
Strong Democrat	8	14	13	64	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	17	24	25	34	262
Single, living with a partner	19	13	24	44	91
Married	12	16	43	29	451
Separated	19	19	45	17	30
Widowed	24	26	35	15	38
Divorced	11	16	36	37	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	14	17	39	30	601
Black Non-Hispanic	16	20	31	32	122
Hispanic	10	21	28	42	163
Other	20	20	31	30	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	11	19	59	12	88
Once a week	9	19	54	19	129
Once or twice a month	12	36	32	19	66
A few times a year	13	23	27	37	135
Seldom	16	16	34	33	248
Never	17	14	27	42	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	11	21	57	10	184
Mainline Protestant	13	17	27	43	147
Roman Catholic	10	19	43	28	188
No religion	17	14	24	45	319
Other religion	19	22	34	25	166
ideology
Very conservative	9	14	74	3	126
Somewhat conservative	12	21	58	9	227
Moderate	22	17	29	32	398
Somewhat liberal	5	26	7	61	146
Very liberal	7	12	5	76	106
voter registration status
Yes	13	17	38	32	788
No	20	21	27	32	217

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	62	38	331
Female	47	53	312
Another gender	0	100	14
age
18-29	32	68	106
30-44	50	50	167
45-59	58	42	164
60+	60	40	240
education
Less than HS	52	48	51
HS graduate	60	40	178
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	50	50	178
Bachelor's degree	57	43	125
Post grad study/professional degree	43	57	143
income
Less than $30k	46	54	194
$30k to less than $50k	51	49	105
$50k to less than $75k	60	40	108
$75k to less than $100k	57	43	95
$100k or more	55	45	175
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	87	13	275
Independent	46	54	101
Democrat	24	76	301
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	87	13	206
Independent	52	48	266
Democrat	20	80	205
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	87	13	206
Lean Republican	87	13	69
Independent	46	54	101
Lean Democrat	31	69	96
Democrat	20	80	205
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	90	10	132
Weak Republican	81	19	73
Lean Republican	87	13	69
Independent	46	54	101
Lean Democrat	31	69	96
Weak Democrat	26	74	78
Strong Democrat	17	83	127
marital status
Single, that is never married	42	58	155
Single, living with a partner	36	64	62
Married	60	40	325
Separated	73	27	19
Widowed	70	30	19
Divorced	50	50	98
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	56	44	413
Black Non-Hispanic	49	51	77
Hispanic	40	60	114
Other	51	49	52
religious service attendance
More than once a week	83	17	62
Once a week	74	26	94
Once or twice a month	62	38	34
A few times a year	43	57	87
Seldom	51	49	167
Never	40	60	234
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	85	15	124
Mainline Protestant	39	61	102
Roman Catholic	60	40	133
No religion	35	65	219
Other religion	57	43	98
ideology
Very conservative	96	4	97
Somewhat conservative	87	13	152
Moderate	48	52	243
Somewhat liberal	11	89	100
Very liberal	6	94	86
voter registration status
Yes	54	46	550
No	46	54	127

H3: Loan forgiveness

[Ruled that the Biden administration exceeded the authority granted to it by Congress to alter loan conditions, thus striking down the student loan forgiveness policy.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	7	18	45	29	470
Female	10	28	32	31	487
Another gender	0	16	0	84	20
age
18-29	14	28	18	41	186
30-44	13	25	28	34	267
45-59	4	29	41	26	235
60+	5	15	54	27	318
education
Less than HS	21	42	14	23	93
HS graduate	10	27	36	27	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	9	23	40	28	267
Bachelor's degree	3	13	43	41	179
Post grad study/professional degree	3	18	42	36	172
income
Less than $30k	13	31	25	30	315
$30k to less than $50k	6	28	36	30	172
$50k to less than $75k	11	21	38	31	146
$75k to less than $100k	3	17	46	34	135
$100k or more	6	14	49	31	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	5	18	66	12	403
Independent	25	29	22	24	180
Democrat	5	26	17	52	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	5	15	68	11	302
Independent	14	28	28	30	413
Democrat	5	25	17	53	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	5	15	68	11	302
Lean Republican	3	25	58	12	102
Independent	25	29	22	24	180
Lean Democrat	6	28	15	51	131
Democrat	5	25	17	53	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	6	13	71	10	192
Weak Republican	4	19	64	13	110
Lean Republican	3	25	58	12	102
Independent	25	29	22	24	180
Lean Democrat	6	28	15	51	131
Weak Democrat	5	29	23	42	126
Strong Democrat	4	22	13	61	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	11	25	23	40	262
Single, living with a partner	10	26	26	38	91
Married	6	20	48	26	451
Separated	23	23	31	23	30
Widowed	6	35	31	28	38
Divorced	8	25	38	29	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	7	22	45	26	601
Black Non-Hispanic	13	27	17	42	122
Hispanic	10	32	26	32	163
Other	7	8	32	53	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	3	36	48	13	88
Once a week	6	25	53	16	129
Once or twice a month	4	20	42	33	66
A few times a year	8	22	41	28	135
Seldom	12	24	35	30	248
Never	9	20	28	43	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	5	18	55	21	184
Mainline Protestant	9	29	36	26	147
Roman Catholic	5	24	47	24	188
No religion	12	22	23	43	319
Other religion	9	27	33	31	166
ideology
Very conservative	7	10	78	5	126
Somewhat conservative	4	23	62	11	227
Moderate	15	28	27	30	398
Somewhat liberal	2	28	13	57	146
Very liberal	2	15	7	75	106
voter registration status
Yes	6	20	43	32	788
No	19	36	16	28	217

H3: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that the Biden administration exceeded the authority granted to it by Congress to alter loan conditions, thus striking down the student loan forgiveness policy.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	61	39	351
Female	51	49	303
Another gender	0	100	17
age
18-29	30	70	109
30-44	46	54	165
45-59	61	39	156
60+	67	33	255
education
Less than HS	37	63	34
HS graduate	57	43	184
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	59	41	180
Bachelor's degree	51	49	152
Post grad study/professional degree	54	46	135
income
Less than $30k	45	55	175
$30k to less than $50k	55	45	113
$50k to less than $75k	55	45	101
$75k to less than $100k	58	42	108
$100k or more	61	39	187
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	85	15	311
Independent	47	53	83
Democrat	24	76	290
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	86	14	240
Independent	49	51	241
Democrat	25	75	204
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	86	14	240
Lean Republican	82	18	71
Independent	47	53	83
Lean Democrat	23	77	86
Democrat	25	75	204
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	88	12	155
Weak Republican	83	17	85
Lean Republican	82	18	71
Independent	47	53	83
Lean Democrat	23	77	86
Weak Democrat	36	64	83
Strong Democrat	17	83	121
marital status
Single, that is never married	36	64	164
Single, living with a partner	41	59	58
Married	65	35	333
Separated	58	42	16
Widowed	53	47	23
Divorced	57	43	90
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	63	37	427
Black Non-Hispanic	29	71	73
Hispanic	45	55	94
Other	38	62	73
religious service attendance
More than once a week	79	21	53
Once a week	77	23	89
Once or twice a month	56	44	49
A few times a year	59	41	94
Seldom	54	46	160
Never	39	61	241
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	72	28	141
Mainline Protestant	58	42	92
Roman Catholic	67	33	133
No religion	35	65	212
Other religion	52	48	106
ideology
Very conservative	94	6	105
Somewhat conservative	85	15	165
Moderate	48	52	226
Somewhat liberal	19	81	102
Very liberal	8	92	87
voter registration status
Yes	58	42	590
No	36	64	95

H4: Alabama maps

[Ruled that Alabama, in drawing a congressional districting map, diluted the power of Black voters, in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	37	28	28	7	470
Female	46	24	19	10	487
Another gender	38	5	39	18	20
age
18-29	43	25	25	7	186
30-44	47	19	22	12	267
45-59	41	28	20	11	235
60+	34	30	29	8	318
education
Less than HS	47	21	25	7	93
HS graduate	50	27	16	8	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	36	29	25	10	267
Bachelor's degree	32	26	31	12	179
Post grad study/professional degree	37	20	30	12	172
income
Less than $30k	43	25	21	11	315
$30k to less than $50k	40	34	18	7	172
$50k to less than $75k	42	21	25	12	146
$75k to less than $100k	47	22	22	9	135
$100k or more	33	25	33	9	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	44	36	13	7	403
Independent	54	17	17	11	180
Democrat	31	19	38	12	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	45	35	13	8	302
Independent	47	20	23	9	413
Democrat	26	24	37	13	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	45	35	13	8	302
Lean Republican	42	40	14	4	102
Independent	54	17	17	11	180
Lean Democrat	42	10	38	10	131
Democrat	26	24	37	13	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	49	30	12	9	192
Weak Republican	39	42	15	4	110
Lean Republican	42	40	14	4	102
Independent	54	17	17	11	180
Lean Democrat	42	10	38	10	131
Weak Democrat	38	30	20	12	126
Strong Democrat	18	18	51	13	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	40	24	26	10	262
Single, living with a partner	46	24	14	16	91
Married	40	26	25	8	451
Separated	50	28	19	3	30
Widowed	30	42	19	8	38
Divorced	41	22	26	11	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	41	28	24	7	601
Black Non-Hispanic	32	15	38	14	122
Hispanic	48	26	15	12	163
Other	42	25	21	12	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	43	27	26	5	88
Once a week	43	30	23	4	129
Once or twice a month	40	32	25	3	66
A few times a year	30	29	21	21	135
Seldom	43	26	23	8	248
Never	42	21	26	11	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	38	33	21	8	184
Mainline Protestant	35	33	24	8	147
Roman Catholic	43	29	18	10	188
No religion	41	17	32	9	319
Other religion	44	24	19	14	166
ideology
Very conservative	45	34	9	13	126
Somewhat conservative	40	38	16	6	227
Moderate	48	21	22	9	398
Somewhat liberal	27	22	39	12	146
Very liberal	28	11	48	13	106
voter registration status
Yes	37	27	26	10	788
No	53	19	18	10	217

H4: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that Alabama, in drawing a congressional districting map, diluted the power of Black voters, in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	79	21	165
Female	66	34	144
Another gender	68	32	11
age
18-29	77	23	60
30-44	64	36	91
45-59	65	35	72
60+	78	22	116
education
Less than HS	77	23	30
HS graduate	67	33	68
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	71	29	92
Bachelor's degree	72	28	76
Post grad study/professional degree	72	28	73
income
Less than $30k	65	35	101
$30k to less than $50k	73	27	43
$50k to less than $75k	68	32	54
$75k to less than $100k	72	28	41
$100k or more	79	21	99
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	66	34	79
Independent	60	40	51
Democrat	76	24	208
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	62	38	61
Independent	72	28	132
Democrat	75	25	145
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	62	38	61
Lean Republican	77	23	18
Independent	60	40	51
Lean Democrat	80	20	63
Democrat	75	25	145
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	55	45	40
Weak Republican	77	23	21
Lean Republican	77	23	18
Independent	60	40	51
Lean Democrat	80	20	63
Weak Democrat	63	37	40
Strong Democrat	79	21	105
marital status
Single, that is never married	72	28	94
Single, living with a partner	47	53	28
Married	75	25	152
Separated	86	14	7
Widowed	71	29	10
Divorced	71	29	49
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	76	24	188
Black Non-Hispanic	72	28	64
Hispanic	57	43	44
Other	64	36	29
religious service attendance
More than once a week	84	16	27
Once a week	85	15	35
Once or twice a month	89	11	18
A few times a year	50	50	56
Seldom	73	27	79
Never	71	29	125
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	73	27	53
Mainline Protestant	75	25	47
Roman Catholic	65	35	52
No religion	78	22	133
Other religion	58	42	54
ideology
Very conservative	41	59	27
Somewhat conservative	73	27	50
Moderate	70	30	123
Somewhat liberal	77	23	74
Very liberal	79	21	65
voter registration status
Yes	73	27	278
No	64	36	61

H5: Employer religious accomodations

[Ruled that federal civil rights law requires an employer to accommodate an employee’s religious practice unless it can show that doing so would result in substantial increased costs to the employer.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard nothing at all	Heard of but not enough for an opinion	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	36	23	30	11	470
Female	42	26	23	8	487
Another gender	23	8	20	49	20
age
18-29	39	24	26	11	186
30-44	39	27	24	10	267
45-59	45	19	27	8	235
60+	31	27	29	12	318
education
Less than HS	46	19	24	12	93
HS graduate	42	27	21	10	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	38	26	27	10	267
Bachelor's degree	31	25	35	9	179
Post grad study/professional degree	34	22	28	15	172
income
Less than $30k	35	29	23	14	315
$30k to less than $50k	43	30	22	4	172
$50k to less than $75k	43	21	27	9	146
$75k to less than $100k	35	25	27	12	135
$100k or more	36	17	35	12	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	42	18	36	5	403
Independent	46	21	21	12	180
Democrat	31	33	20	16	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	42	18	35	6	302
Independent	40	22	28	10	413
Democrat	32	36	16	16	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	42	18	35	6	302
Lean Republican	41	18	40	1	102
Independent	46	21	21	12	180
Lean Democrat	30	25	29	16	131
Democrat	32	36	16	16	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	44	15	37	4	192
Weak Republican	37	22	31	10	110
Lean Republican	41	18	40	1	102
Independent	46	21	21	12	180
Lean Democrat	30	25	29	16	131
Weak Democrat	32	34	21	13	126
Strong Democrat	32	37	13	18	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	38	27	22	13	262
Single, living with a partner	41	23	26	11	91
Married	39	21	31	9	451
Separated	44	17	31	7	30
Widowed	29	47	20	4	38
Divorced	36	27	23	14	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	38	24	27	10	601
Black Non-Hispanic	41	26	26	7	122
Hispanic	32	28	26	14	163
Other	50	24	17	10	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	42	17	41	0	88
Once a week	34	26	34	6	129
Once or twice a month	51	25	21	3	66
A few times a year	33	24	27	16	135
Seldom	35	30	23	12	248
Never	40	22	24	14	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	39	20	36	5	184
Mainline Protestant	40	26	22	12	147
Roman Catholic	34	25	32	10	188
No religion	36	28	22	15	319
Other religion	44	22	25	9	166
ideology
Very conservative	35	15	48	2	126
Somewhat conservative	40	22	31	6	227
Moderate	42	26	23	9	398
Somewhat liberal	25	38	19	18	146
Very liberal	38	19	18	25	106
voter registration status
Yes	37	25	28	11	788
No	43	23	23	10	217

H5: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that federal civil rights law requires an employer to accommodate an employee’s religious practice unless it can show that doing so would result in substantial increased costs to the employer.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Heard of and favor the decision	Heard of and oppose the decision	n
sex
Male	73	27	192
Female	74	26	154
Another gender	29	71	13
age
18-29	69	31	70
30-44	69	31	91
45-59	77	23	83
60+	71	29	132
education
Less than HS	67	33	33
HS graduate	69	31	90
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	74	26	98
Bachelor's degree	79	21	79
Post grad study/professional degree	65	35	75
income
Less than $30k	63	37	114
$30k to less than $50k	84	16	45
$50k to less than $75k	75	25	52
$75k to less than $100k	70	30	53
$100k or more	75	25	110
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	89	11	164
Independent	63	37	58
Democrat	56	44	153
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	86	14	123
Independent	73	27	159
Democrat	51	49	94
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	86	14	123
Lean Republican	98	2	41
Independent	63	37	58
Lean Democrat	65	35	60
Democrat	51	49	94
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	91	9	78
Weak Republican	76	24	45
Lean Republican	98	2	41
Independent	63	37	58
Lean Democrat	65	35	60
Weak Democrat	61	39	43
Strong Democrat	42	58	51
marital status
Single, that is never married	64	36	92
Single, living with a partner	71	29	33
Married	77	23	181
Separated	81	19	12
Widowed	83	17	9
Divorced	63	37	49
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	73	27	227
Black Non-Hispanic	78	22	41
Hispanic	65	35	66
Other	64	36	23
religious service attendance
More than once a week	99	1	36
Once a week	85	15	52
Once or twice a month	87	13	16
A few times a year	63	37	57
Seldom	67	33	87
Never	63	37	128
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	88	12	75
Mainline Protestant	65	35	50
Roman Catholic	77	23	78
No religion	60	40	116
Other religion	73	27	56
ideology
Very conservative	95	5	64
Somewhat conservative	84	16	85
Moderate	71	29	128
Somewhat liberal	51	49	53
Very liberal	42	58	46
voter registration status
Yes	72	28	303
No	70	30	72

J1: Rights - LGBTQ people

[Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	58	21	20	470
Female	55	27	18	487
Another gender	22	63	14	20
age
18-29	59	32	10	186
30-44	56	25	19	267
45-59	57	20	23	235
60+	54	24	21	318
education
Less than HS	63	19	18	93
HS graduate	58	25	17	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	55	23	21	267
Bachelor's degree	51	26	24	179
Post grad study/professional degree	55	31	14	172
income
Less than $30k	60	25	14	315
$30k to less than $50k	53	23	24	172
$50k to less than $75k	49	26	25	146
$75k to less than $100k	59	24	16	135
$100k or more	55	26	19	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	72	8	21	403
Independent	54	19	27	180
Democrat	42	44	13	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	71	8	21	302
Independent	56	22	21	413
Democrat	40	46	12	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	71	8	21	302
Lean Republican	75	6	19	102
Independent	54	19	27	180
Lean Democrat	46	40	14	131
Democrat	40	46	12	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	71	6	23	192
Weak Republican	69	12	19	110
Lean Republican	75	6	19	102
Independent	54	19	27	180
Lean Democrat	46	40	14	131
Weak Democrat	51	37	11	126
Strong Democrat	32	53	13	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	54	31	15	262
Single, living with a partner	62	25	13	91
Married	58	20	21	451
Separated	49	30	21	30
Widowed	56	25	19	38
Divorced	50	28	20	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	57	23	19	601
Black Non-Hispanic	56	24	20	122
Hispanic	52	34	13	163
Other	56	25	19	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	55	11	34	88
Once a week	57	22	21	129
Once or twice a month	71	14	14	66
A few times a year	59	26	15	135
Seldom	61	22	16	248
Never	48	34	19	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	59	14	28	184
Mainline Protestant	58	27	15	147
Roman Catholic	55	25	20	188
No religion	52	33	14	319
Other religion	60	21	19	166
ideology
Very conservative	62	8	30	126
Somewhat conservative	72	11	17	227
Moderate	55	24	21	398
Somewhat liberal	35	46	18	146
Very liberal	46	50	5	106
voter registration status
Yes	54	26	19	788
No	62	20	16	217

J2: Rights - religious people

[Religious people and organizations] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	42	18	39	470
Female	39	29	32	487
Another gender	81	0	19	20
age
18-29	48	20	31	186
30-44	45	25	30	267
45-59	42	21	38	235
60+	37	24	38	318
education
Less than HS	42	26	32	93
HS graduate	37	25	39	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	41	20	38	267
Bachelor's degree	43	26	31	179
Post grad study/professional degree	54	19	27	172
income
Less than $30k	38	27	35	315
$30k to less than $50k	38	22	39	172
$50k to less than $75k	45	17	38	146
$75k to less than $100k	41	27	32	135
$100k or more	49	20	31	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	34	26	40	403
Independent	31	25	45	180
Democrat	54	19	26	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	36	27	38	302
Independent	40	21	39	413
Democrat	52	22	25	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	36	27	38	302
Lean Republican	30	24	46	102
Independent	31	25	45	180
Lean Democrat	61	13	26	131
Democrat	52	22	25	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	35	32	34	192
Weak Republican	37	18	45	110
Lean Republican	30	24	46	102
Independent	31	25	45	180
Lean Democrat	61	13	26	131
Weak Democrat	46	22	31	126
Strong Democrat	56	22	21	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	46	23	30	262
Single, living with a partner	53	11	36	91
Married	40	25	35	451
Separated	35	38	27	30
Widowed	37	16	47	38
Divorced	35	23	39	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	42	22	35	601
Black Non-Hispanic	37	28	35	122
Hispanic	45	25	29	163
Other	42	21	37	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	39	34	27	88
Once a week	33	33	34	129
Once or twice a month	29	32	39	66
A few times a year	41	24	35	135
Seldom	43	18	38	248
Never	49	18	34	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	38	28	33	184
Mainline Protestant	33	26	41	147
Roman Catholic	39	21	40	188
No religion	52	14	33	319
Other religion	38	34	28	166
ideology
Very conservative	41	31	29	126
Somewhat conservative	34	27	39	227
Moderate	35	21	44	398
Somewhat liberal	53	21	24	146
Very liberal	73	14	13	106
voter registration status
Yes	44	21	35	788
No	36	30	32	217

J3: Rights - gun owners

[Gun owners] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	29	29	42	470
Female	34	29	37	487
Another gender	50	11	40	20
age
18-29	33	35	32	186
30-44	28	32	40	267
45-59	28	28	44	235
60+	37	23	39	318
education
Less than HS	26	48	26	93
HS graduate	29	35	36	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	30	27	43	267
Bachelor's degree	29	27	44	179
Post grad study/professional degree	45	15	40	172
income
Less than $30k	28	39	32	315
$30k to less than $50k	34	27	39	172
$50k to less than $75k	37	26	37	146
$75k to less than $100k	36	22	42	135
$100k or more	30	23	47	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	18	38	44	403
Independent	19	35	46	180
Democrat	50	18	31	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	19	37	44	302
Independent	28	31	42	413
Democrat	50	18	31	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	19	37	44	302
Lean Republican	15	39	46	102
Independent	19	35	46	180
Lean Democrat	49	19	32	131
Democrat	50	18	31	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	18	38	44	192
Weak Republican	22	35	43	110
Lean Republican	15	39	46	102
Independent	19	35	46	180
Lean Democrat	49	19	32	131
Weak Democrat	40	25	34	126
Strong Democrat	58	12	28	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	30	33	37	262
Single, living with a partner	42	26	32	91
Married	30	28	42	451
Separated	18	45	37	30
Widowed	27	40	34	38
Divorced	39	19	40	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	29	29	41	601
Black Non-Hispanic	36	27	37	122
Hispanic	45	23	32	163
Other	23	35	42	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	24	22	53	88
Once a week	31	26	43	129
Once or twice a month	24	51	26	66
A few times a year	29	37	34	135
Seldom	34	26	38	248
Never	35	26	39	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	23	31	46	184
Mainline Protestant	33	34	33	147
Roman Catholic	37	23	39	188
No religion	36	25	38	319
Other religion	26	36	38	166
ideology
Very conservative	23	30	48	126
Somewhat conservative	22	39	39	227
Moderate	28	32	40	398
Somewhat liberal	43	18	37	146
Very liberal	62	9	28	106
voter registration status
Yes	34	27	40	788
No	24	37	37	217

J4: Rights - abortion seekers

[Those seeking an abortion] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	7	75	16	470
Female	9	81	10	487
Another gender	0	89	11	20
age
18-29	10	77	13	186
30-44	10	76	13	267
45-59	8	83	9	235
60+	8	75	16	318
education
Less than HS	20	48	32	93
HS graduate	11	73	16	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	82	10	267
Bachelor's degree	6	84	10	179
Post grad study/professional degree	4	89	6	172
income
Less than $30k	14	69	16	315
$30k to less than $50k	10	78	12	172
$50k to less than $75k	5	82	13	146
$75k to less than $100k	5	84	11	135
$100k or more	5	83	12	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	10	69	21	403
Independent	11	73	16	180
Democrat	7	88	5	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	10	74	16	302
Independent	9	72	19	413
Democrat	7	89	2	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	10	74	16	302
Lean Republican	12	54	34	102
Independent	11	73	16	180
Lean Democrat	5	85	10	131
Democrat	7	89	2	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	11	73	16	192
Weak Republican	8	76	16	110
Lean Republican	12	54	34	102
Independent	11	73	16	180
Lean Democrat	5	85	10	131
Weak Democrat	8	89	3	126
Strong Democrat	7	90	2	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	9	78	13	262
Single, living with a partner	7	88	6	91
Married	10	76	15	451
Separated	14	81	5	30
Widowed	7	68	25	38
Divorced	8	79	11	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	7	78	14	601
Black Non-Hispanic	10	84	5	122
Hispanic	13	78	9	163
Other	9	81	10	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	14	63	24	88
Once a week	13	74	13	129
Once or twice a month	12	70	17	66
A few times a year	9	75	16	135
Seldom	10	80	9	248
Never	5	84	11	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	7	68	26	184
Mainline Protestant	10	81	8	147
Roman Catholic	10	78	12	188
No religion	7	83	9	319
Other religion	13	75	12	166
ideology
Very conservative	10	65	25	126
Somewhat conservative	15	67	17	227
Moderate	8	80	12	398
Somewhat liberal	3	86	10	146
Very liberal	3	97	0	106
voter registration status
Yes	8	79	13	788
No	12	72	14	217

J5: Rights - minority voters

[Voting rights of racial or ethnic minorities] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
	Expanded rights	Reduced rights	Has not changed much either way	n
sex
Male	32	24	43	470
Female	26	33	41	487
Another gender	0	79	21	20
age
18-29	30	37	32	186
30-44	28	35	37	267
45-59	29	23	48	235
60+	32	23	44	318
education
Less than HS	43	28	29	93
HS graduate	32	27	41	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	26	29	44	267
Bachelor's degree	30	28	42	179
Post grad study/professional degree	25	34	41	172
income
Less than $30k	36	32	31	315
$30k to less than $50k	26	27	47	172
$50k to less than $75k	26	27	47	146
$75k to less than $100k	31	27	42	135
$100k or more	27	29	45	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	41	7	52	403
Independent	28	27	45	180
Democrat	20	51	29	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	42	5	53	302
Independent	27	30	42	413
Democrat	21	52	26	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	42	5	53	302
Lean Republican	40	12	48	102
Independent	28	27	45	180
Lean Democrat	16	49	35	131
Democrat	21	52	26	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	41	3	56	192
Weak Republican	44	8	48	110
Lean Republican	40	12	48	102
Independent	28	27	45	180
Lean Democrat	16	49	35	131
Weak Democrat	29	42	29	126
Strong Democrat	15	60	24	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	28	37	34	262
Single, living with a partner	37	30	34	91
Married	31	22	47	451
Separated	23	30	47	30
Widowed	31	25	44	38
Divorced	25	35	38	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	31	25	44	601
Black Non-Hispanic	24	52	23	122
Hispanic	28	34	37	163
Other	35	17	47	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	34	15	52	88
Once a week	34	19	46	129
Once or twice a month	42	25	33	66
A few times a year	39	29	32	135
Seldom	25	32	42	248
Never	25	35	40	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	30	20	50	184
Mainline Protestant	38	29	34	147
Roman Catholic	29	30	42	188
No religion	27	35	37	319
Other religion	29	27	44	166
ideology
Very conservative	39	5	56	126
Somewhat conservative	38	14	48	227
Moderate	30	28	42	398
Somewhat liberal	14	53	30	146
Very liberal	24	60	16	106
voter registration status
Yes	29	29	43	788
No	34	31	34	217

J6: Overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	25	16	15	43	470
Female	22	15	15	48	487
Another gender	0	5	11	84	20
age
18-29	12	19	12	57	186
30-44	20	14	18	48	267
45-59	22	15	16	47	235
60+	32	14	14	41	318
education
Less than HS	17	14	13	56	93
HS graduate	25	17	17	40	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	24	14	13	48	267
Bachelor's degree	25	17	11	47	179
Post grad study/professional degree	19	10	18	52	172
income
Less than $30k	19	19	16	46	315
$30k to less than $50k	18	12	26	45	172
$50k to less than $75k	28	12	11	50	146
$75k to less than $100k	28	15	13	45	135
$100k or more	27	14	10	49	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	46	20	13	20	403
Independent	13	14	23	50	180
Democrat	5	10	13	72	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	49	19	12	19	302
Independent	16	14	19	51	413
Democrat	6	11	12	70	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	49	19	12	19	302
Lean Republican	39	23	17	21	102
Independent	13	14	23	50	180
Lean Democrat	2	8	15	75	131
Democrat	6	11	12	70	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	57	17	10	15	192
Weak Republican	34	23	15	28	110
Lean Republican	39	23	17	21	102
Independent	13	14	23	50	180
Lean Democrat	2	8	15	75	131
Weak Democrat	4	14	20	62	126
Strong Democrat	8	9	6	77	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	14	18	18	50	262
Single, living with a partner	10	11	20	59	91
Married	33	15	12	40	451
Separated	19	15	1	64	30
Widowed	29	11	19	41	38
Divorced	15	11	18	55	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	26	14	15	45	601
Black Non-Hispanic	19	12	22	47	122
Hispanic	16	18	17	49	163
Other	18	21	9	52	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	58	9	19	13	88
Once a week	44	23	9	24	129
Once or twice a month	25	33	24	18	66
A few times a year	15	17	15	53	135
Seldom	16	12	20	52	248
Never	14	12	11	64	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	49	20	9	22	184
Mainline Protestant	19	8	20	53	147
Roman Catholic	21	23	16	40	188
No religion	10	9	13	67	319
Other religion	25	17	20	37	166
ideology
Very conservative	74	7	8	11	126
Somewhat conservative	42	26	16	15	227
Moderate	10	17	20	53	398
Somewhat liberal	1	5	14	80	146
Very liberal	2	6	3	89	106
voter registration status
Yes	25	16	13	46	788
No	15	11	22	52	217

J7: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	41	22	18	19	470
Female	41	27	15	18	487
Another gender	84	0	16	0	20
age
18-29	60	27	8	6	186
30-44	46	22	16	16	267
45-59	34	26	17	22	235
60+	34	21	20	24	318
education
Less than HS	44	17	18	21	93
HS graduate	36	25	14	25	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	41	25	18	16	267
Bachelor's degree	46	23	19	13	179
Post grad study/professional degree	49	24	13	14	172
income
Less than $30k	43	24	15	18	315
$30k to less than $50k	36	30	15	19	172
$50k to less than $75k	39	23	19	19	146
$75k to less than $100k	41	22	16	21	135
$100k or more	48	19	17	15	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	20	23	28	30	403
Independent	37	31	10	21	180
Democrat	66	21	8	5	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	17	24	29	30	302
Independent	44	25	14	18	413
Democrat	66	21	7	6	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	17	24	29	30	302
Lean Republican	28	19	24	29	102
Independent	37	31	10	21	180
Lean Democrat	65	21	10	4	131
Democrat	66	21	7	6	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	12	22	27	39	192
Weak Republican	25	26	33	15	110
Lean Republican	28	19	24	29	102
Independent	37	31	10	21	180
Lean Democrat	65	21	10	4	131
Weak Democrat	58	29	8	6	126
Strong Democrat	73	15	6	7	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	52	30	9	9	262
Single, living with a partner	54	26	11	8	91
Married	34	20	23	23	451
Separated	46	13	8	33	30
Widowed	33	17	24	27	38
Divorced	45	25	10	20	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	43	21	18	17	601
Black Non-Hispanic	36	21	18	25	122
Hispanic	46	26	15	14	163
Other	48	26	9	17	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	3	16	29	51	88
Once a week	23	24	21	33	129
Once or twice a month	20	38	30	11	66
A few times a year	37	35	13	15	135
Seldom	47	22	18	13	248
Never	62	19	9	10	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	10	23	27	40	184
Mainline Protestant	45	28	12	15	147
Roman Catholic	39	31	16	13	188
No religion	68	18	10	5	319
Other religion	30	22	21	27	166
ideology
Very conservative	7	18	23	52	126
Somewhat conservative	22	23	29	25	227
Moderate	42	32	14	11	398
Somewhat liberal	71	18	6	5	146
Very liberal	88	7	2	3	106
voter registration status
Yes	42	23	17	17	788
No	42	24	12	21	217

J8: LGBTQ workplace discrimination

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	45	33	15	7	470
Female	52	31	10	8	487
Another gender	84	16	0	0	20
age
18-29	55	26	13	6	186
30-44	50	33	13	4	267
45-59	52	33	7	8	235
60+	45	31	15	9	318
education
Less than HS	51	20	23	6	93
HS graduate	43	34	13	10	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	45	37	12	5	267
Bachelor's degree	62	23	8	7	179
Post grad study/professional degree	53	33	10	5	172
income
Less than $30k	48	25	18	9	315
$30k to less than $50k	42	40	13	5	172
$50k to less than $75k	54	31	6	9	146
$75k to less than $100k	50	30	14	6	135
$100k or more	55	33	7	5	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	29	42	19	10	403
Independent	44	35	10	11	180
Democrat	72	20	7	2	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	26	46	18	10	302
Independent	52	28	12	8	413
Democrat	71	20	7	2	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	26	46	18	10	302
Lean Republican	36	28	24	12	102
Independent	44	35	10	11	180
Lean Democrat	75	19	6	0	131
Democrat	71	20	7	2	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	24	43	20	13	192
Weak Republican	29	51	15	5	110
Lean Republican	36	28	24	12	102
Independent	44	35	10	11	180
Lean Democrat	75	19	6	0	131
Weak Democrat	62	24	10	4	126
Strong Democrat	78	16	4	2	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	55	28	12	5	262
Single, living with a partner	55	23	13	9	91
Married	43	37	12	9	451
Separated	61	29	9	1	30
Widowed	55	29	7	9	38
Divorced	56	23	17	5	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	49	32	12	7	601
Black Non-Hispanic	53	28	9	9	122
Hispanic	50	32	14	4	163
Other	53	33	10	4	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	27	41	19	13	88
Once a week	44	27	16	13	129
Once or twice a month	27	52	17	3	66
A few times a year	44	35	16	5	135
Seldom	50	35	10	5	248
Never	64	21	9	6	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	28	43	17	12	184
Mainline Protestant	53	26	15	7	147
Roman Catholic	49	32	15	4	188
No religion	66	23	7	4	319
Other religion	41	37	13	9	166
ideology
Very conservative	16	41	21	22	126
Somewhat conservative	33	40	20	7	227
Moderate	52	33	10	6	398
Somewhat liberal	72	20	7	1	146
Very liberal	87	9	3	1	106
voter registration status
Yes	50	31	11	7	788
No	47	31	16	6	217

J9: Honesty of SCOTUS justices

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Very high	High	Average	Low	Very low	n
sex
Male	11	27	31	20	11	470
Female	9	18	35	25	13	487
Another gender	0	11	40	20	30	20
age
18-29	7	22	35	26	10	186
30-44	10	18	32	23	17	267
45-59	9	27	34	22	8	235
60+	11	24	32	20	13	318
education
Less than HS	4	27	30	27	12	93
HS graduate	8	18	39	23	12	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	12	23	31	18	16	267
Bachelor's degree	9	27	34	23	7	179
Post grad study/professional degree	10	24	27	26	13	172
income
Less than $30k	10	16	36	23	15	315
$30k to less than $50k	8	22	36	20	14	172
$50k to less than $75k	10	20	32	24	14	146
$75k to less than $100k	6	29	25	29	11	135
$100k or more	12	30	32	20	7	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	17	37	30	13	4	403
Independent	7	15	41	24	13	180
Democrat	4	12	32	31	20	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	18	37	30	11	3	302
Independent	7	20	36	24	13	413
Democrat	4	12	31	32	21	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	18	37	30	11	3	302
Lean Republican	12	38	28	17	5	102
Independent	7	15	41	24	13	180
Lean Democrat	2	13	36	30	18	131
Democrat	4	12	31	32	21	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	23	35	31	7	3	192
Weak Republican	10	41	29	18	2	110
Lean Republican	12	38	28	17	5	102
Independent	7	15	41	24	13	180
Lean Democrat	2	13	36	30	18	131
Weak Democrat	5	16	36	32	12	126
Strong Democrat	3	9	27	32	29	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	4	15	38	27	16	262
Single, living with a partner	10	22	33	24	11	91
Married	12	33	27	19	9	451
Separated	15	3	45	27	11	30
Widowed	6	22	51	8	13	38
Divorced	10	11	34	26	20	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	9	29	31	18	12	601
Black Non-Hispanic	13	10	34	27	16	122
Hispanic	5	14	41	32	8	163
Other	13	17	28	28	14	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	14	28	41	12	5	88
Once a week	16	30	31	20	3	129
Once or twice a month	10	32	35	15	9	66
A few times a year	9	26	37	21	7	135
Seldom	8	21	38	19	14	248
Never	6	17	26	31	19	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	14	33	32	12	8	184
Mainline Protestant	8	30	22	28	13	147
Roman Catholic	11	19	42	18	10	188
No religion	7	15	31	29	19	319
Other religion	9	24	37	23	6	166
ideology
Very conservative	20	35	32	6	7	126
Somewhat conservative	12	36	34	14	4	227
Moderate	8	20	34	27	11	398
Somewhat liberal	3	13	33	29	23	146
Very liberal	4	7	26	33	29	106
voter registration status
Yes	9	26	31	22	13	788
No	10	12	41	25	11	217

J10: Honesty of state judges

[Judges in your state] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Very high	High	Average	Low	Very low	n
sex
Male	3	23	52	16	6	470
Female	5	19	50	17	9	487
Another gender	11	21	43	19	6	20
age
18-29	4	16	53	17	9	186
30-44	6	18	48	21	8	267
45-59	5	22	50	15	8	235
60+	3	23	52	16	6	318
education
Less than HS	8	24	33	25	10	93
HS graduate	2	19	53	18	9	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	5	20	53	16	7	267
Bachelor's degree	4	25	49	19	5	179
Post grad study/professional degree	7	17	55	13	8	172
income
Less than $30k	6	18	44	21	11	315
$30k to less than $50k	2	21	61	11	5	172
$50k to less than $75k	4	20	52	16	8	146
$75k to less than $100k	3	27	42	20	8	135
$100k or more	6	19	56	16	3	236
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	5	22	50	14	9	403
Independent	3	13	49	23	12	180
Democrat	5	22	51	17	4	422
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	5	21	52	14	8	302
Independent	3	17	50	20	10	413
Democrat	5	24	50	17	3	291
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	5	21	52	14	8	302
Lean Republican	2	25	47	15	12	102
Independent	3	13	49	23	12	180
Lean Democrat	4	18	54	18	7	131
Democrat	5	24	50	17	3	291
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	6	20	54	11	10	192
Weak Republican	4	24	48	19	5	110
Lean Republican	2	25	47	15	12	102
Independent	3	13	49	23	12	180
Lean Democrat	4	18	54	18	7	131
Weak Democrat	8	21	55	14	2	126
Strong Democrat	3	26	47	20	4	164
marital status
Single, that is never married	5	19	49	21	7	262
Single, living with a partner	6	15	52	11	14	91
Married	5	20	52	16	7	451
Separated	1	7	57	30	4	30
Widowed	4	21	56	12	7	38
Divorced	3	28	46	17	7	133
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	3	25	51	16	6	601
Black Non-Hispanic	6	15	56	16	7	122
Hispanic	5	12	55	19	8	163
Other	14	16	40	22	8	86
religious service attendance
More than once a week	4	18	51	19	9	88
Once a week	9	29	42	13	7	129
Once or twice a month	13	17	63	7	0	66
A few times a year	3	28	41	23	4	135
Seldom	2	19	57	14	8	248
Never	3	16	51	20	10	339
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	6	27	47	14	6	184
Mainline Protestant	2	24	47	17	11	147
Roman Catholic	6	19	53	14	7	188
No religion	3	18	52	18	9	319
Other religion	5	15	53	23	4	166
ideology
Very conservative	7	17	43	14	19	126
Somewhat conservative	6	22	54	15	3	227
Moderate	4	18	51	19	8	398
Somewhat liberal	2	26	51	15	5	146
Very liberal	5	20	50	20	5	106
voter registration status
Yes	4	22	51	16	7	788
No	5	15	48	21	10	217