Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll July 7-12, 2023

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most of the time 345 34 34 34
Some of the time 416 41 41 76
Only now and then 156 16 16 91
Hardly at all 87 9 9 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 121 12 12 12
Somewhat approve 303 30 30 42
Somewhat disapprove 189 19 19 61
Strongly disapprove 388 39 39 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 424 42 42 42
Disapprove 577 57 57 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 134 13 13 13
Somewhat approve 315 31 31 45
Somewhat disapprove 302 30 30 75
Strongly disapprove 254 25 25 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 449 45 45 45
Disapprove 555 55 55 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 27 3 3 3
Somewhat approve 289 29 29 31
Somewhat disapprove 455 45 45 77
Strongly disapprove 233 23 23 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 316 31 31 31
Disapprove 688 68 68 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 419 42 42 42
Unfavorable opinion 563 56 56 98
Haven't heard enough 23 2 2 100

B7: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 339 34 34 34
Unfavorable opinion 554 55 55 89
Haven't heard enough 113 11 11 100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Kennedy

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 365 36 36 36
Unfavorable opinion 273 27 27 64
Haven't heard enough 367 36 36 100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Williamson

[Marianne Williamson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 60 6 6 6
Unfavorable opinion 156 16 16 22
Haven't heard enough 789 78 78 100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Christie

[Chris Christie] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 176 17 17 17
Unfavorable opinion 496 49 49 67
Haven't heard enough 332 33 33 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B11: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 307 31 31 31
Unfavorable opinion 487 48 48 79
Haven't heard enough 210 21 21 100
Web blank 1 0 0 100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Elder

[Larry Elder] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 149 15 15 15
Unfavorable opinion 107 11 11 26
Haven't heard enough 745 74 74 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 210 21 21 21
Unfavorable opinion 291 29 29 50
Haven't heard enough 504 50 50 100

B14: Fav/Unfav: Hutchinson

[Asa Hutchinson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 86 9 9 9
Unfavorable opinion 149 15 15 23
Haven't heard enough 770 77 77 100

B15: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 260 26 26 26
Unfavorable opinion 579 58 58 83
Haven't heard enough 166 17 17 100

B16: Fav/Unfav: Ramaswamy

[Vivek Ramaswamy] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 127 13 13 13
Unfavorable opinion 133 13 13 26
Haven't heard enough 745 74 74 100

B17: Fav/Unfav: Scott

[Tim Scott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 196 20 20 20
Unfavorable opinion 177 18 18 37
Haven't heard enough 631 63 63 100

B18: Fav/Unfav: Burgum

[Doug Burgum] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 15 2 2 2
Unfavorable opinion 108 11 11 12
Haven't heard enough 880 88 88 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B19: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 350 35 35 35
Unfavorable opinion 633 63 63 98
Haven't heard enough 21 2 2 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B20: Fav/Unfav: Hurd

[Will Hurd] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 36 4 4 4
Unfavorable opinion 112 11 11 15
Haven't heard enough 858 85 85 100

B21: Fav/Unfav: Suarez

[Francis Suarez] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 35 4 4 4
Unfavorable opinion 96 10 10 13
Haven't heard enough 874 87 87 100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 106 11 11 11
Quite a lot 207 21 21 31
Some 321 32 32 63
Very little 226 22 22 86
None at all 144 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 36 4 4 4
Quite a lot 101 10 10 14
Some 437 44 44 57
Very little 298 30 30 87
None at all 131 13 13 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C3: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 107 11 11 11
Quite a lot 171 17 17 28
Some 326 32 32 60
Very little 240 24 24 84
None at all 160 16 16 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C4: Confidence in national news

[The national news media] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 21 2 2 2
Quite a lot 108 11 11 13
Some 273 27 27 40
Very little 288 29 29 69
None at all 314 31 31 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C5: Confidence in DOJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 57 6 6 6
Quite a lot 195 19 19 25
Some 344 34 34 59
Very little 225 22 22 82
None at all 183 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C6: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 47 5 5 5
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 172 17 17 22
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents 419 42 42 63
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents 365 36 36 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

C16: Heard about Trump indictment

[Donald Trump being indicted in federal court in Florida] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 656 65 65 65
A little 292 29 29 94
Nothing at all 57 6 6 100

C17: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 511 51 51 51
A little 312 31 31 82
Nothing at all 180 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C18: Heard about Hunter Biden guilty plea

[Hunter Biden’s agreement to plead guilty to misdemeanor charges of tax evasion and a gun charge] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 365 36 36 36
A little 405 40 40 77
Nothing at all 236 23 23 100

C19: Heard about Alito finance disclosures

[News stories about Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito’s financial disclosure reports] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 155 15 15 15
A little 335 33 33 49
Nothing at all 515 51 51 100

C20: Heard about Alabama district case

[A Supreme Court case concerning congressional districts in Alabama] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 102 10 10 10
A little 361 36 36 46
Nothing at all 541 54 54 100

C21: Heard about student loan case

[A Supreme Court case concerning student loan forgiveness] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 559 56 56 56
A little 379 38 38 93
Nothing at all 67 7 7 100

C22: Heard about independent legislature case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the powers of state legislatures to set the rules for federal elections for congress and president] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 168 17 17 17
A little 458 46 46 62
Nothing at all 379 38 38 100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 271 27 27 27
Somewhat conservative 350 35 35 62
Moderate 277 28 28 89
Somewhat liberal 74 7 7 97
Very liberal 31 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 48 5 5 5
Somewhat conservative 75 7 7 12
Moderate 229 23 23 35
Somewhat liberal 264 26 26 61
Very liberal 386 38 38 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 471 47 47 47
Somewhat conservative 285 28 28 75
Moderate 130 13 13 88
Somewhat liberal 47 5 5 93
Very liberal 68 7 7 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D4: DeSantis ideology

[Ron DeSantis] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 480 48 48 48
Somewhat conservative 251 25 25 73
Moderate 205 20 20 93
Somewhat liberal 34 3 3 97
Very liberal 30 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

D5: GOP ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 461 46 46 46
Somewhat conservative 306 30 30 76
Moderate 165 16 16 93
Somewhat liberal 35 3 3 96
Very liberal 36 4 4 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D6: Democratic party ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 47 5 5 5
Somewhat conservative 74 7 7 12
Moderate 196 19 19 32
Somewhat liberal 260 26 26 57
Very liberal 426 42 42 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D7: SCOTUS ideology trend

Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally become…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Much more conservative 287 29 29 29
Somewhat more conservative 337 33 33 62
Hasn't changed much 228 23 23 85
Somewhat more liberal 113 11 11 96
Much more liberal 39 4 4 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

D8: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics 586 58 58 58
Mainly the law 418 42 42 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

D9: Should justices consider public opinion

Should justices of the Supreme Court consider public opinion about a case when making decisions or should they ignore public opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Should consider public opinion 500 50 50 50
Should ignore public opinion 504 50 50 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

H1: Affirmative action

[Ruled that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 97 10 10 10
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 182 18 18 28
Heard of and favor the decision 504 50 50 78
Heard of and oppose the decision 221 22 22 100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 504 50 70 70
Heard of and oppose the decision 221 22 30 100
(Missing) 280 28 NA NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Ruled that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 145 14 14 14
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 183 18 18 33
Heard of and favor the decision 357 35 35 68
Heard of and oppose the decision 320 32 32 100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 357 35 53 53
Heard of and oppose the decision 320 32 47 100
(Missing) 328 33 NA NA

H3: Loan forgiveness

[Ruled that the Biden administration exceeded the authority granted to it by Congress to alter loan conditions, thus striking down the student loan forgiveness policy.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 85 8 8 8
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 234 23 23 32
Heard of and favor the decision 374 37 37 69
Heard of and oppose the decision 311 31 31 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

H3: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that the Biden administration exceeded the authority granted to it by Congress to alter loan conditions, thus striking down the student loan forgiveness policy.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 374 37 55 55
Heard of and oppose the decision 311 31 45 100
(Missing) 320 32 NA NA

H4: Alabama maps

[Ruled that Alabama, in drawing a congressional districting map, diluted the power of Black voters, in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 409 41 41 41
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 257 26 26 66
Heard of and favor the decision 242 24 24 90
Heard of and oppose the decision 97 10 10 100

H4: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that Alabama, in drawing a congressional districting map, diluted the power of Black voters, in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 242 24 71 71
Heard of and oppose the decision 97 10 29 100
(Missing) 666 66 NA NA

H5: Employer religious accomodations

[Ruled that federal civil rights law requires an employer to accommodate an employee’s religious practice unless it can show that doing so would result in substantial increased costs to the employer.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 382 38 38 38
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 247 25 25 63
Heard of and favor the decision 268 27 27 89
Heard of and oppose the decision 107 11 11 100

H5: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that federal civil rights law requires an employer to accommodate an employee’s religious practice unless it can show that doing so would result in substantial increased costs to the employer.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 268 27 72 72
Heard of and oppose the decision 107 11 28 100
(Missing) 630 63 NA NA

J1: Rights - LGBTQ people

[Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 563 56 56 56
Reduced rights 251 25 25 81
Has not changed much either way 188 19 19 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

J2: Rights - religious people

[Religious people and organizations] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 423 42 42 42
Reduced rights 230 23 23 65
Has not changed much either way 349 35 35 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

J3: Rights - gun owners

[Gun owners] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 318 32 32 32
Reduced rights 291 29 29 61
Has not changed much either way 393 39 39 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

J4: Rights - abortion seekers

[Those seeking an abortion] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 89 9 9 9
Reduced rights 781 78 78 87
Has not changed much either way 132 13 13 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

J5: Rights - minority voters

[Voting rights of racial or ethnic minorities] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 300 30 30 30
Reduced rights 291 29 29 59
Has not changed much either way 411 41 41 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

J6: Overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 231 23 23 23
Somewhat favor 151 15 15 38
Somewhat oppose 151 15 15 53
Strongly oppose 472 47 47 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J7: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 424 42 42 42
Somewhat favor 236 23 23 66
Somewhat oppose 163 16 16 82
Strongly oppose 181 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J8: LGBTQ workplace discrimination

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 499 50 50 50
Somewhat favor 312 31 31 81
Somewhat oppose 124 12 12 93
Strongly oppose 69 7 7 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J9: Honesty of SCOTUS justices

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 94 9 9 9
High 230 23 23 32
Average 330 33 33 65
Low 226 22 22 88
Very low 124 12 12 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J10: Honesty of state judges

[Judges in your state] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 45 4 4 4
High 204 20 20 25
Average 508 51 51 75
Low 172 17 17 92
Very low 75 7 7 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J11: Honesty of journalists

[Journalists] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 27 3 3 3
High 134 13 13 16
Average 417 42 42 57
Low 217 22 22 79
Very low 210 21 21 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J12: Honesty of lawyers

[Lawyers] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 26 3 3 3
High 118 12 12 14
Average 469 47 47 61
Low 253 25 25 86
Very low 139 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J13: Honesty of cable TV news

[Cable TV news] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 15 1 1 1
High 61 6 6 8
Average 327 33 33 40
Low 310 31 31 71
Very low 290 29 29 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

J14: Classified documents - Trump

[Donald Trump] Thinking about each of the following individuals and their handling of classified documents, do you think they did something illegal, they did something careless but not illegal, or they didn’t do anything wrong regarding classified documents.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Illegal 592 59 59 59
Careless but not illegal 285 28 28 87
Didn't do anything wrong 125 12 12 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

J15: Classified documents - Biden

[Joe Biden] Thinking about each of the following individuals and their handling of classified documents, do you think they did something illegal, they did something careless but not illegal, or they didn’t do anything wrong regarding classified documents.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Illegal 363 36 36 36
Careless but not illegal 480 48 48 84
Didn't do anything wrong 159 16 16 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

J16: Classified documents - Pence

[Mike Pence] Thinking about each of the following individuals and their handling of classified documents, do you think they did something illegal, they did something careless but not illegal, or they didn’t do anything wrong regarding classified documents.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Illegal 213 21 21 21
Careless but not illegal 575 57 57 78
Didn't do anything wrong 214 21 21 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases 295 29 29 29
Legal in most cases 360 36 36 65
Illegal in most cases 286 28 28 94
Illegal in all cases 63 6 6 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

K2: Abortion personal importance

How important is the abortion issue to you--would you say it is one of the most important, somewhat important, not very important, or not important at all?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
One of the most important issues 382 38 38 38
Somewhat important 400 40 40 78
Not very important 185 18 18 96
Not important at all 38 4 4 100

P1: Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 297 30 30 30
No 704 70 70 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

P2: Trump 2024

Would you like to see Donald Trump run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 347 34 34 34
No 654 65 65 100
Skipped/Ref 5 0 0 100

P3: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Too much support 342 34 34 34
Not enough support 217 22 22 56
About the right amount of support 445 44 44 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P4: Involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs 535 53 53 53
Stay out of world affairs 469 47 47 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P5: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 370 37 37 37
Joe Biden 350 35 35 72
Someone else 178 18 18 89
Wouldn't vote 107 11 11 100

P5B: Trump vs Biden, leaners

If you had to choose, would you vote for [Biden] or for [Trump]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 122 12 43 43
Joe Biden 154 15 54 97
Skipped/Ref 9 1 3 100
(Missing) 720 72 NA NA

P5: Trump vs Biden, with leaners

[combination of i4i and preference in i4lean]
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 492 49 49 49
Joe Biden 504 50 50 99
Someone else 2 0 0 99
Wouldn't vote 7 1 1 100

P6: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 372 37 37 37
Joe Biden 373 37 37 74
Someone else 163 16 16 90
Wouldn't vote 96 10 10 100

P6B: DeSantis vs Biden, leaners

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 133 13 51 51
Joe Biden 121 12 47 98
Skipped/Ref 6 1 2 100
(Missing) 745 74 NA NA

P6: DeSantis vs Biden, with leaners

[combination of i5 and preference in i5lean]
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 505 50 50 50
Joe Biden 494 49 49 99
Someone else 2 0 0 100
Wouldn't vote 4 0 0 100

P7: Transgender sports participation

[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 752 75 75 75
Oppose 252 25 25 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P8: Ban AR-15s

[Ban the sale of “AR-15 style” semiautomatic rifles in your state] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 572 57 57 57
Oppose 432 43 43 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P9: Ban gender-affirming care for minors

[Ban “gender-affirming” care such as hormone therapy or surgery for transgender minors under 18] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 587 58 58 58
Oppose 417 41 41 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P10: 15-week abortion ban

[Pass a national law banning abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 476 47 47 47
Oppose 528 53 53 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P11: Trump classified documents

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago last year?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 739 73 73 73
No 260 26 26 99
Skipped/Ref 7 1 1 100

P12: 2020 election integrity

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very confident 385 38 38 38
Somewhat confident 245 24 24 63
Not too confident 186 19 19 81
Not at all confident 189 19 19 100

P13: Fav/Unfav: BLM movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 386 38 38 38
Unfavorable opinion 480 48 48 86
Haven't heard enough 139 14 14 100

P14: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A very big problem 374 37 37 37
A moderately big problem 326 32 32 70
A small problem 249 25 25 94
Not a problem at all 56 6 6 100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Just about always 17 2 2 2
Most of the time 195 19 19 21
Only some of the time 614 61 61 82
Never 179 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted 566 56 56 56
Most people can't be trusted 438 44 44 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 1005 100 100 100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 302 30 30 30
Democrat 291 29 29 59
Independent 266 26 26 85
Other/No preference 147 15 15 100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strong 356 35 60 60
Not very strong 236 23 40 100
(Missing) 413 41 NA NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 102 10 25 25
Democratic 131 13 32 56
Neither 180 18 44 100
(Missing) 592 59 NA NA

P15: GOP primary 2024

Here are some potential candidates for the Republican presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Chris Christie 4 0 1 1
Ron DeSantis 81 8 20 21
Larry Elder 4 0 1 22
Nikki Haley 19 2 5 27
Asa Hutchinson 3 0 1 28
Mike Pence 26 3 6 34
Vivek Ramaswamy 3 0 1 35
Tim Scott 12 1 3 38
Doug Burgum 2 0 1 38
Donald Trump 196 19 49 87
Will Hurd 1 0 0 87
Undecided 52 5 13 100
(Missing) 602 60 NA NA

P16: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 229 23 57 57
Ron DeSantis 173 17 43 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 602 60 NA NA

P17: Democratic primary 2024

Here are some potential candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden 226 22 53 53
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. 55 6 13 67
Marianne Williamson 22 2 5 72
Undecided 119 12 28 100
(Missing) 583 58 NA NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
More than once a week 88 9 9 9
Once a week 129 13 13 22
Once or twice a month 66 7 7 28
A few times a year 135 13 13 42
Seldom 248 25 25 66
Never 339 34 34 100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, would 274 27 27 27
No, would not 731 73 73 100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 126 13 13 13
Somewhat conservative 227 23 23 35
Moderate 398 40 40 75
Somewhat liberal 146 14 14 89
Very liberal 106 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day 77 8 8 8
A few times a week 300 30 30 37
A few times a month 266 26 26 64
Once a month 117 12 12 76
Less than once a month 140 14 14 89
Not at all 106 11 11 100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 241 24 24 24
No 764 76 76 100

Z8: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 346 34 34 34
Joe Biden 400 40 40 74
Someone else 55 6 6 80
I did not vote in the 2020 presidential election 202 20 20 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 302 30 30 30
Lean Republican 102 10 10 40
Independent 180 18 18 58
Lean Democrat 131 13 13 71
Democrat 291 29 29 100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 403 40 40 40
Independent 180 18 18 58
Democrat 422 42 42 100

gender

sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 470 47 47 47
Female 487 48 48 95
Another gender 20 2 2 97
Skipped/Ref 29 3 3 100

age

age, 4 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18-29 186 18 18 18
30-44 267 27 27 45
45-59 235 23 23 68
60+ 318 32 32 100

education

education - 5 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than HS 93 9 9 9
HS graduate 294 29 29 39
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates 267 27 27 65
Bachelor's degree 179 18 18 83
Post grad study/professional degree 172 17 17 100

income

income recode
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k 315 31 31 31
$30k to less than $50k 172 17 17 48
$50k to less than $75k 146 15 15 63
$75k to less than $100k 135 13 13 76
$100k or more 236 23 23 100
DK/NA/Ref 1 0 0 100

marital status

marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Married 451 45 45 45
Widowed 38 4 4 49
Divorced 133 13 13 62
Separated 30 3 3 65
Single, never married 262 26 26 91
Single, cohabitating 91 9 9 100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
White 601 60 60 60
Black 122 12 12 72
Hispanic 163 16 16 88
Other/Multiple 86 9 9 97
Skipped/Ref 33 3 3 100

religious affiliation

religious identification
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant 184 18 18 18
Mainline Protestant 147 15 15 33
Roman Catholic 188 19 19 52
No religion 319 32 32 83
Other religion 166 16 17 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 1 0 NA NA