Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll July 7-12, 2023

Registered voters

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among registered voters only are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most of the time 313 40 40 40
Some of the time 332 42 42 82
Only now and then 105 13 13 95
Hardly at all 38 5 5 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B1: Biden approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 114 14 14 14
Somewhat approve 213 27 27 41
Somewhat disapprove 139 18 18 59
Strongly disapprove 323 41 41 100

B1: Biden approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 326 41 41 41
Disapprove 462 59 59 100

B2: Supreme Court approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 121 15 15 15
Somewhat approve 253 32 32 47
Somewhat disapprove 209 26 26 74
Strongly disapprove 206 26 26 100

B2: Supreme Court approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 374 47 47 47
Disapprove 414 53 53 100

B3: Congress approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 20 3 3 3
Somewhat approve 230 29 29 32
Somewhat disapprove 348 44 44 76
Strongly disapprove 190 24 24 100

B3: Congress approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 250 32 32 32
Disapprove 538 68 68 100

B6: Fav/Unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 325 41 41 41
Unfavorable opinion 454 58 58 99
Haven't heard enough 9 1 1 100

B7: Fav/Unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 260 33 33 33
Unfavorable opinion 459 58 58 91
Haven't heard enough 69 9 9 100

B8: Fav/Unfav: Kennedy

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 292 37 37 37
Unfavorable opinion 221 28 28 65
Haven't heard enough 275 35 35 100

B9: Fav/Unfav: Williamson

[Marianne Williamson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 49 6 6 6
Unfavorable opinion 136 17 17 23
Haven't heard enough 604 77 77 100

B10: Fav/Unfav: Christie

[Chris Christie] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 144 18 18 18
Unfavorable opinion 413 52 52 71
Haven't heard enough 230 29 29 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B11: Fav/Unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 267 34 34 34
Unfavorable opinion 385 49 49 83
Haven't heard enough 137 17 17 100

B12: Fav/Unfav: Elder

[Larry Elder] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 127 16 16 16
Unfavorable opinion 97 12 12 28
Haven't heard enough 565 72 72 100

B13: Fav/Unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 191 24 24 24
Unfavorable opinion 255 32 32 57
Haven't heard enough 343 43 43 100

B14: Fav/Unfav: Hutchinson

[Asa Hutchinson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 76 10 10 10
Unfavorable opinion 132 17 17 26
Haven't heard enough 581 74 74 100

B15: Fav/Unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 213 27 27 27
Unfavorable opinion 472 60 60 87
Haven't heard enough 104 13 13 100

B16: Fav/Unfav: Ramaswamy

[Vivek Ramaswamy] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 114 15 15 15
Unfavorable opinion 104 13 13 28
Haven't heard enough 570 72 72 100

B17: Fav/Unfav: Scott

[Tim Scott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 177 22 22 22
Unfavorable opinion 160 20 20 43
Haven't heard enough 451 57 57 100

B18: Fav/Unfav: Burgum

[Doug Burgum] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 11 1 1 1
Unfavorable opinion 80 10 10 12
Haven't heard enough 696 88 88 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

B19: Fav/Unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 275 35 35 35
Unfavorable opinion 498 63 63 98
Haven't heard enough 15 2 2 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

B20: Fav/Unfav: Hurd

[Will Hurd] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 25 3 3 3
Unfavorable opinion 87 11 11 14
Haven't heard enough 677 86 86 100

B21: Fav/Unfav: Suarez

[Francis Suarez] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 25 3 3 3
Unfavorable opinion 82 10 10 14
Haven't heard enough 682 86 86 100

C1: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 89 11 11 11
Quite a lot 181 23 23 34
Some 242 31 31 65
Very little 172 22 22 87
None at all 103 13 13 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C2: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 28 4 4 4
Quite a lot 86 11 11 15
Some 337 43 43 57
Very little 249 32 32 89
None at all 87 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C3: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 90 11 11 11
Quite a lot 141 18 18 29
Some 254 32 32 61
Very little 180 23 23 84
None at all 123 16 16 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C4: Confidence in national news

[The national news media] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 19 2 2 2
Quite a lot 88 11 11 14
Some 215 27 27 41
Very little 227 29 29 70
None at all 238 30 30 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C5: Confidence in DOJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 48 6 6 6
Quite a lot 164 21 21 27
Some 258 33 33 60
Very little 174 22 22 82
None at all 143 18 18 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C6: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 31 4 4 4
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 115 15 15 18
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents 316 40 40 59
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents 326 41 41 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C16: Heard about Trump indictment

[Donald Trump being indicted in federal court in Florida] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 552 70 70 70
A little 199 25 25 95
Nothing at all 37 5 5 100

C17: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 454 58 58 58
A little 221 28 28 86
Nothing at all 112 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C18: Heard about Hunter Biden guilty plea

[Hunter Biden’s agreement to plead guilty to misdemeanor charges of tax evasion and a gun charge] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 317 40 40 40
A little 310 39 39 80
Nothing at all 161 20 20 100

C19: Heard about Alito finance disclosures

[News stories about Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito’s financial disclosure reports] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 133 17 17 17
A little 276 35 35 52
Nothing at all 380 48 48 100

C20: Heard about Alabama district case

[A Supreme Court case concerning congressional districts in Alabama] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 93 12 12 12
A little 294 37 37 49
Nothing at all 402 51 51 100

C21: Heard about student loan case

[A Supreme Court case concerning student loan forgiveness] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 481 61 61 61
A little 267 34 34 95
Nothing at all 41 5 5 100

C22: Heard about independent legislature case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the powers of state legislatures to set the rules for federal elections for congress and president] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 141 18 18 18
A little 378 48 48 66
Nothing at all 269 34 34 100

D1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 221 28 28 28
Somewhat conservative 289 37 37 65
Moderate 207 26 26 91
Somewhat liberal 52 7 7 97
Very liberal 18 2 2 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 31 4 4 4
Somewhat conservative 55 7 7 11
Moderate 160 20 20 31
Somewhat liberal 202 26 26 57
Very liberal 339 43 43 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 395 50 50 50
Somewhat conservative 233 30 30 80
Moderate 87 11 11 91
Somewhat liberal 33 4 4 95
Very liberal 39 5 5 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D4: DeSantis ideology

[Ron DeSantis] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 395 50 50 50
Somewhat conservative 205 26 26 76
Moderate 138 18 18 94
Somewhat liberal 23 3 3 96
Very liberal 25 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

D5: GOP ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 376 48 48 48
Somewhat conservative 253 32 32 80
Moderate 110 14 14 94
Somewhat liberal 21 3 3 96
Very liberal 26 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D6: Democratic party ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 31 4 4 4
Somewhat conservative 55 7 7 11
Moderate 119 15 15 26
Somewhat liberal 218 28 28 54
Very liberal 364 46 46 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D7: SCOTUS ideology trend

Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally become…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Much more conservative 244 31 31 31
Somewhat more conservative 272 35 35 65
Hasn't changed much 163 21 21 86
Somewhat more liberal 86 11 11 97
Much more liberal 23 3 3 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

D8: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics 434 55 55 55
Mainly the law 354 45 45 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

D9: Should justices consider public opinion

Should justices of the Supreme Court consider public opinion about a case when making decisions or should they ignore public opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Should consider public opinion 366 46 46 46
Should ignore public opinion 422 54 54 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

H1: Affirmative action

[Ruled that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 66 8 8 8
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 113 14 14 23
Heard of and favor the decision 422 54 54 76
Heard of and oppose the decision 186 24 24 100

H1: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that colleges cannot use race as one of several factors in deciding which applicants to admit.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 422 54 69 69
Heard of and oppose the decision 186 24 31 100
(Missing) 180 23 NA NA

H2: LGBTQ discrimination

[Ruled that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 102 13 13 13
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 137 17 17 30
Heard of and favor the decision 298 38 38 68
Heard of and oppose the decision 251 32 32 100

H2: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that a business owner’s religious beliefs or free speech rights can justify refusing some services to gay people.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 298 38 54 54
Heard of and oppose the decision 251 32 46 100
(Missing) 239 30 NA NA

H3: Loan forgiveness

[Ruled that the Biden administration exceeded the authority granted to it by Congress to alter loan conditions, thus striking down the student loan forgiveness policy.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 44 6 6 6
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 155 20 20 25
Heard of and favor the decision 340 43 43 68
Heard of and oppose the decision 250 32 32 100

H3: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that the Biden administration exceeded the authority granted to it by Congress to alter loan conditions, thus striking down the student loan forgiveness policy.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 340 43 58 58
Heard of and oppose the decision 250 32 42 100
(Missing) 199 25 NA NA

H4: Alabama maps

[Ruled that Alabama, in drawing a congressional districting map, diluted the power of Black voters, in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 295 37 37 37
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 216 27 27 65
Heard of and favor the decision 203 26 26 90
Heard of and oppose the decision 75 10 10 100

H4: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that Alabama, in drawing a congressional districting map, diluted the power of Black voters, in violation of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 203 26 73 73
Heard of and oppose the decision 75 10 27 100
(Missing) 511 65 NA NA

H5: Employer religious accomodations

[Ruled that federal civil rights law requires an employer to accommodate an employee’s religious practice unless it can show that doing so would result in substantial increased costs to the employer.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all 288 37 37 37
Heard of but not enough for an opinion 197 25 25 62
Heard of and favor the decision 218 28 28 89
Heard of and oppose the decision 85 11 11 100

H5: (those with opinions only)

[THOSE WITH OPINIONS ONLY] [Ruled that federal civil rights law requires an employer to accommodate an employee’s religious practice unless it can show that doing so would result in substantial increased costs to the employer.] Do you favor or oppose the following recent Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Heard of and favor the decision 218 28 72 72
Heard of and oppose the decision 85 11 28 100
(Missing) 485 62 NA NA

J1: Rights - LGBTQ people

[Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 430 54 54 54
Reduced rights 206 26 26 81
Has not changed much either way 152 19 19 100

J2: Rights - religious people

[Religious people and organizations] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 345 44 44 44
Reduced rights 164 21 21 65
Has not changed much either way 280 35 35 100

J3: Rights - gun owners

[Gun owners] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 265 34 34 34
Reduced rights 211 27 27 60
Has not changed much either way 313 40 40 100

J4: Rights - abortion seekers

[Those seeking an abortion] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 62 8 8 8
Reduced rights 625 79 79 87
Has not changed much either way 101 13 13 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

J5: Rights - minority voters

[Voting rights of racial or ethnic minorities] Over the past 15 years or so would you say the Supreme Court has generally expanded or reduced the rights protected for each of these groups or has it not changed much either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Expanded rights 226 29 29 29
Reduced rights 225 29 29 57
Has not changed much either way 338 43 43 100

J6: Overturned Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 199 25 25 25
Somewhat favor 127 16 16 41
Somewhat oppose 104 13 13 54
Strongly oppose 359 46 46 100

J7: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 333 42 42 42
Somewhat favor 183 23 23 66
Somewhat oppose 137 17 17 83
Strongly oppose 134 17 17 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

J8: LGBTQ workplace discrimination

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 397 50 50 50
Somewhat favor 246 31 31 82
Somewhat oppose 90 11 11 93
Strongly oppose 56 7 7 100

J9: Honesty of SCOTUS justices

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 71 9 9 9
High 204 26 26 35
Average 242 31 31 66
Low 172 22 22 87
Very low 99 13 13 100

J10: Honesty of state judges

[Judges in your state] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 33 4 4 4
High 172 22 22 26
Average 404 51 51 77
Low 126 16 16 93
Very low 53 7 7 100

J11: Honesty of journalists

[Journalists] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 21 3 3 3
High 110 14 14 17
Average 305 39 39 55
Low 183 23 23 78
Very low 170 22 22 100

J12: Honesty of lawyers

[Lawyers] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 21 3 3 3
High 97 12 12 15
Average 363 46 46 61
Low 206 26 26 87
Very low 102 13 13 100

J13: Honesty of cable TV news

[Cable TV news] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very high 13 2 2 2
High 47 6 6 8
Average 257 33 33 40
Low 247 31 31 71
Very low 224 28 28 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

J14: Classified documents - Trump

[Donald Trump] Thinking about each of the following individuals and their handling of classified documents, do you think they did something illegal, they did something careless but not illegal, or they didn’t do anything wrong regarding classified documents.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Illegal 458 58 58 58
Careless but not illegal 243 31 31 89
Didn't do anything wrong 86 11 11 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

J15: Classified documents - Biden

[Joe Biden] Thinking about each of the following individuals and their handling of classified documents, do you think they did something illegal, they did something careless but not illegal, or they didn’t do anything wrong regarding classified documents.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Illegal 283 36 36 36
Careless but not illegal 397 50 50 86
Didn't do anything wrong 106 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

J16: Classified documents - Pence

[Mike Pence] Thinking about each of the following individuals and their handling of classified documents, do you think they did something illegal, they did something careless but not illegal, or they didn’t do anything wrong regarding classified documents.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Illegal 150 19 19 19
Careless but not illegal 470 60 60 79
Didn't do anything wrong 166 21 21 100
Skipped/Ref 3 0 0 100

K1: Abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases 231 29 29 29
Legal in most cases 282 36 36 65
Illegal in most cases 230 29 29 94
Illegal in all cases 45 6 6 100

K2: Abortion personal importance

How important is the abortion issue to you--would you say it is one of the most important, somewhat important, not very important, or not important at all?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
One of the most important issues 304 39 39 39
Somewhat important 308 39 39 78
Not very important 148 19 19 96
Not important at all 29 4 4 100

P1: Biden 2024

Would you like to see Joe Biden run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 244 31 31 31
No 545 69 69 100

P2: Trump 2024

Would you like to see Donald Trump run for president in 2024, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 269 34 34 34
No 519 66 66 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P3: Ukraine support

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Too much support 276 35 35 35
Not enough support 155 20 20 55
About the right amount of support 357 45 45 100

P4: Involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs 431 55 55 55
Stay out of world affairs 357 45 45 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P5: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 303 38 38 38
Joe Biden 295 37 37 76
Someone else 149 19 19 95
Wouldn't vote 42 5 5 100

P5B: Trump vs Biden, leaners

If you had to choose, would you vote for [Biden] or for [Trump]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 92 12 48 48
Joe Biden 97 12 51 99
Skipped/Ref 3 0 1 100
(Missing) 597 76 NA NA

P5: Trump vs Biden, with leaners

[combination of i4i and preference in i4lean]
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 394 50 50 50
Joe Biden 391 50 50 100
Someone else 2 0 0 100
Wouldn't vote 0 0 0 100

P6: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 320 41 41 41
Joe Biden 304 39 39 79
Someone else 120 15 15 94
Wouldn't vote 45 6 6 100

P6B: DeSantis vs Biden, leaners

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 85 11 51 51
Joe Biden 78 10 47 99
Skipped/Ref 2 0 1 100
(Missing) 624 79 NA NA

P6: DeSantis vs Biden, with leaners

[combination of i5 and preference in i5lean]
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis 405 51 51 51
Joe Biden 382 48 48 100
Someone else 2 0 0 100
Wouldn't vote 0 0 0 100

P7: Transgender sports participation

[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 597 76 76 76
Oppose 190 24 24 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

P8: Ban AR-15s

[Ban the sale of “AR-15 style” semiautomatic rifles in your state] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 450 57 57 57
Oppose 339 43 43 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

P9: Ban gender-affirming care for minors

[Ban “gender-affirming” care such as hormone therapy or surgery for transgender minors under 18] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 445 56 56 56
Oppose 343 44 44 100

P10: 15-week abortion ban

[Pass a national law banning abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 385 49 49 49
Oppose 404 51 51 100

P11: Trump classified documents

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago last year?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 584 74 74 74
No 201 25 25 99
Skipped/Ref 4 1 1 100

P12: 2020 election integrity

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very confident 327 41 41 41
Somewhat confident 179 23 23 64
Not too confident 138 18 18 82
Not at all confident 145 18 18 100

P13: Fav/Unfav: BLM movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favorable opinion 309 39 39 39
Unfavorable opinion 392 50 50 89
Haven't heard enough 88 11 11 100

P14: Racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A very big problem 288 37 37 37
A moderately big problem 256 32 32 69
A small problem 200 25 25 94
Not a problem at all 44 6 6 100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Just about always 12 1 1 1
Most of the time 164 21 21 22
Only some of the time 493 62 62 85
Never 120 15 15 100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted 468 59 59 59
Most people can't be trusted 320 41 41 100
Skipped/Ref 0 0 0 100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 788 100 100 100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 274 35 35 35
Democrat 255 32 32 67
Independent 184 23 23 90
Other/No preference 76 10 10 100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strong 329 42 62 62
Not very strong 199 25 38 100
(Missing) 260 33 NA NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 74 9 29 29
Democratic 95 12 37 65
Neither 90 11 35 100
(Missing) 528 67 NA NA

P15: GOP primary 2024

Here are some potential candidates for the Republican presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Chris Christie 4 1 1 1
Ron DeSantis 77 10 22 23
Larry Elder 1 0 0 24
Nikki Haley 19 2 6 29
Asa Hutchinson 3 0 1 30
Mike Pence 24 3 7 37
Vivek Ramaswamy 3 0 1 38
Tim Scott 12 2 4 41
Doug Burgum 2 0 1 42
Donald Trump 159 20 46 88
Will Hurd 1 0 0 88
Undecided 42 5 12 100
(Missing) 440 56 NA NA

P16: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 186 24 54 54
Ron DeSantis 160 20 46 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 440 56 NA NA

P17: Democratic primary 2024

Here are some potential candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden 190 24 54 54
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. 48 6 14 68
Marianne Williamson 20 2 6 73
Undecided 93 12 27 100
(Missing) 438 56 NA NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
More than once a week 59 7 7 7
Once a week 106 14 14 21
Once or twice a month 52 7 7 28
A few times a year 111 14 14 42
Seldom 199 25 25 67
Never 261 33 33 100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, would 223 28 28 28
No, would not 566 72 72 100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 106 13 13 13
Somewhat conservative 197 25 25 38
Moderate 287 36 36 75
Somewhat liberal 118 15 15 90
Very liberal 79 10 10 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day 64 8 8 8
A few times a week 262 33 33 41
A few times a month 210 27 27 68
Once a month 86 11 11 79
Less than once a month 106 13 13 92
Not at all 61 8 8 100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 217 28 28 28
No 572 72 72 100

Z8: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 319 41 41 41
Joe Biden 360 46 46 86
Someone else 46 6 6 92
I did not vote in the 2020 presidential election 61 8 8 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 274 35 35 35
Lean Republican 74 9 9 44
Independent 90 11 11 56
Lean Democrat 95 12 12 68
Democrat 255 32 32 100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 348 44 44 44
Independent 90 11 11 56
Democrat 350 44 44 100

gender

sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 385 49 49 49
Female 371 47 47 96
Another gender 12 1 1 97
Skipped/Ref 21 3 3 100

age

age, 4 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18-29 121 15 15 15
30-44 193 25 25 40
45-59 192 24 24 64
60+ 282 36 36 100

education

education - 5 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than HS 61 8 8 8
HS graduate 209 26 26 34
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates 222 28 28 62
Bachelor's degree 153 19 19 82
Post grad study/professional degree 145 18 18 100

income

income recode
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k 195 25 25 25
$30k to less than $50k 128 16 16 41
$50k to less than $75k 128 16 16 57
$75k to less than $100k 119 15 15 72
$100k or more 218 28 28 100
DK/NA/Ref 0 0 0 100

marital status

marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Married 395 50 50 50
Widowed 33 4 4 54
Divorced 102 13 13 67
Separated 15 2 2 69
Single, never married 177 22 22 91
Single, cohabitating 67 9 9 100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
White 483 61 61 61
Black 101 13 13 74
Hispanic 121 15 15 89
Other/Multiple 62 8 8 97
Skipped/Ref 21 3 3 100

religious affiliation

religious identification
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant 165 21 21 21
Mainline Protestant 122 16 16 36
Roman Catholic 155 20 20 56
No religion 235 30 30 86
Other religion 110 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 1 0 NA NA