Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll September 18-25, 2023

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove	n
sex
Male	12	37	25	26	484
Female	6	31	38	25	510
Another gender	18	31	14	37	7
age
18-29	7	35	28	31	196
30-44	7	31	33	29	262
45-59	10	32	36	22	247
60+	13	37	29	22	301
education
Less than HS	8	38	37	17	97
HS graduate	10	42	29	19	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	9	29	33	29	265
Bachelor's degree	8	32	30	30	162
Post grad study/professional degree	11	25	33	31	184
income
Less than $30k	8	33	28	30	270
$30k to less than $50k	7	39	34	20	148
$50k to less than $75k	9	37	29	24	197
$75k to less than $100k	5	38	38	19	139
$100k or more	14	25	32	28	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	17	49	19	15	418
Independent	3	30	49	18	136
Democrat	4	21	38	38	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	48	19	13	328
Independent	4	34	39	23	328
Democrat	4	20	37	39	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	48	19	13	328
Lean Republican	8	53	20	19	90
Independent	3	30	49	18	136
Lean Democrat	3	22	42	33	101
Democrat	4	20	37	39	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	26	46	15	14	221
Weak Republican	7	53	28	13	107
Lean Republican	8	53	20	19	90
Independent	3	30	49	18	136
Lean Democrat	3	22	42	33	101
Weak Democrat	3	32	35	31	120
Strong Democrat	5	14	38	43	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	8	32	29	31	244
Single, living with a partner	3	30	39	29	119
Married	12	35	32	21	487
Separated	5	52	26	17	16
Widowed	13	24	30	33	51
Divorced	6	37	32	25	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	11	33	30	26	616
Black Non-Hispanic	6	24	41	29	117
Hispanic	3	45	30	22	175
Other	14	28	33	25	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	26	40	17	17	56
Once a week	10	45	30	15	154
Once or twice a month	17	48	21	14	67
A few times a year	9	29	36	26	170
Seldom	8	38	31	23	261
Never	6	22	36	36	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	14	37	30	19	230
Mainline Protestant	11	36	26	28	169
Roman Catholic	10	37	33	20	190
No religion	5	25	37	33	315
Other religion	6	42	27	25	99
ideology
Very conservative	30	43	15	12	141
Somewhat conservative	14	55	18	14	231
Moderate	4	32	44	19	351
Somewhat liberal	2	20	39	40	156
Very liberal	1	5	32	62	127
voter registration status
Yes	10	33	30	27	790
No	5	38	37	20	214

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Approve	Disapprove	n
sex
Male	49	51	484
Female	37	63	510
Another gender	49	51	7
age
18-29	41	59	196
30-44	38	62	262
45-59	42	58	247
60+	49	51	301
education
Less than HS	46	54	97
HS graduate	52	48	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	38	62	265
Bachelor's degree	40	60	162
Post grad study/professional degree	36	64	184
income
Less than $30k	42	58	270
$30k to less than $50k	46	54	148
$50k to less than $75k	47	53	197
$75k to less than $100k	44	56	139
$100k or more	39	61	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	66	34	418
Independent	33	67	136
Democrat	24	76	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	68	32	328
Independent	38	62	328
Democrat	24	76	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	68	32	328
Lean Republican	61	39	90
Independent	33	67	136
Lean Democrat	24	76	101
Democrat	24	76	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	71	29	221
Weak Republican	60	40	107
Lean Republican	61	39	90
Independent	33	67	136
Lean Democrat	24	76	101
Weak Democrat	34	66	120
Strong Democrat	19	81	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	40	60	244
Single, living with a partner	33	67	119
Married	47	53	487
Separated	57	43	16
Widowed	37	63	51
Divorced	43	57	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	44	56	616
Black Non-Hispanic	30	70	117
Hispanic	48	52	175
Other	42	58	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	66	34	56
Once a week	56	44	154
Once or twice a month	65	35	67
A few times a year	38	62	170
Seldom	45	55	261
Never	28	72	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	52	48	230
Mainline Protestant	46	54	169
Roman Catholic	47	53	190
No religion	30	70	315
Other religion	48	52	99
ideology
Very conservative	73	27	141
Somewhat conservative	69	31	231
Moderate	37	63	351
Somewhat liberal	22	78	156
Very liberal	6	94	127
voter registration status
Yes	43	57	790
No	43	57	214

C3: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	8	26	34	21	12	484
Female	6	17	41	27	9	510
Another gender	0	0	31	51	18	7
age
18-29	6	18	36	23	18	196
30-44	7	18	37	25	13	262
45-59	7	21	36	28	8	247
60+	7	26	40	21	6	301
education
Less than HS	9	11	50	24	6	97
HS graduate	7	24	41	16	11	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	6	21	36	26	11	265
Bachelor's degree	5	20	38	24	13	162
Post grad study/professional degree	7	23	25	36	9	184
income
Less than $30k	6	15	35	28	15	270
$30k to less than $50k	6	20	52	13	9	148
$50k to less than $75k	9	21	41	20	9	197
$75k to less than $100k	4	29	32	30	6	139
$100k or more	6	24	31	28	10	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	10	36	38	10	6	418
Independent	4	11	40	30	14	136
Democrat	4	11	36	36	14	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	12	36	39	9	4	328
Independent	4	18	36	27	14	328
Democrat	4	9	37	36	13	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	12	36	39	9	4	328
Lean Republican	5	33	34	14	15	90
Independent	4	11	40	30	14	136
Lean Democrat	3	15	33	34	14	101
Democrat	4	9	37	36	13	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	14	38	36	8	4	221
Weak Republican	7	33	45	11	4	107
Lean Republican	5	33	34	14	15	90
Independent	4	11	40	30	14	136
Lean Democrat	3	15	33	34	14	101
Weak Democrat	3	17	37	30	14	120
Strong Democrat	5	5	37	39	13	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	6	16	35	24	19	244
Single, living with a partner	3	15	43	28	12	119
Married	8	24	38	22	7	487
Separated	7	17	46	22	9	16
Widowed	6	20	30	37	7	51
Divorced	4	28	33	30	5	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	6	24	37	25	9	616
Black Non-Hispanic	9	5	50	20	17	117
Hispanic	6	22	36	24	12	175
Other	11	19	32	29	10	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	22	24	38	16	0	56
Once a week	7	31	39	15	8	154
Once or twice a month	17	27	33	18	6	67
A few times a year	4	22	38	24	12	170
Seldom	3	23	41	25	8	261
Never	6	12	34	32	17	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	10	27	37	19	8	230
Mainline Protestant	5	17	49	21	8	169
Roman Catholic	7	28	44	15	7	190
No religion	5	14	29	37	15	315
Other religion	7	25	32	23	13	99
ideology
Very conservative	18	37	28	11	6	141
Somewhat conservative	8	40	38	7	7	231
Moderate	4	17	42	28	9	351
Somewhat liberal	1	6	44	32	17	156
Very liberal	3	0	26	51	20	127
voter registration status
Yes	6	22	38	23	10	790
No	7	18	35	28	12	214

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	3	9	35	39	13	484
Female	4	8	41	37	10	510
Another gender	0	0	57	43	0	7
age
18-29	3	14	43	24	16	196
30-44	6	7	37	37	13	262
45-59	1	10	37	41	11	247
60+	3	7	38	46	6	301
education
Less than HS	8	15	37	31	9	97
HS graduate	4	11	42	30	13	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	3	4	40	39	14	265
Bachelor's degree	0	9	34	51	6	162
Post grad study/professional degree	4	9	36	41	10	184
income
Less than $30k	5	10	39	31	15	270
$30k to less than $50k	2	15	39	36	7	148
$50k to less than $75k	5	9	38	37	12	197
$75k to less than $100k	3	7	46	40	5	139
$100k or more	2	4	34	47	13	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	2	10	35	39	13	418
Independent	2	7	45	31	14	136
Democrat	4	8	40	39	9	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	3	12	35	39	11	328
Independent	2	6	41	37	14	328
Democrat	5	9	40	38	8	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	3	12	35	39	11	328
Lean Republican	0	5	34	41	20	90
Independent	2	7	45	31	14	136
Lean Democrat	3	4	40	43	11	101
Democrat	5	9	40	38	8	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	3	12	34	39	10	221
Weak Republican	2	10	36	39	13	107
Lean Republican	0	5	34	41	20	90
Independent	2	7	45	31	14	136
Lean Democrat	3	4	40	43	11	101
Weak Democrat	4	10	38	36	12	120
Strong Democrat	5	9	41	38	6	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	5	7	43	29	17	244
Single, living with a partner	3	17	32	38	10	119
Married	3	7	38	41	11	487
Separated	0	38	11	47	4	16
Widowed	1	12	35	46	5	51
Divorced	3	6	44	40	7	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	2	6	37	46	9	616
Black Non-Hispanic	5	8	49	20	17	117
Hispanic	5	16	39	26	14	175
Other	4	14	37	30	14	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	7	40	38	3	56
Once a week	2	16	37	33	11	154
Once or twice a month	5	13	50	26	6	67
A few times a year	3	11	36	38	12	170
Seldom	3	9	39	40	9	261
Never	2	3	37	41	16	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	3	13	32	39	14	230
Mainline Protestant	2	7	43	38	10	169
Roman Catholic	5	14	43	29	10	190
No religion	3	5	37	44	11	315
Other religion	5	7	40	36	12	99
ideology
Very conservative	5	10	34	38	12	141
Somewhat conservative	4	15	35	35	11	231
Moderate	3	7	40	38	12	351
Somewhat liberal	2	4	43	41	10	156
Very liberal	3	7	39	39	11	127
voter registration status
Yes	3	7	41	37	11	790
No	4	15	28	42	12	214

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	9	14	35	25	17	484
Female	9	16	31	26	18	510
Another gender	0	12	32	31	25	7
age
18-29	4	11	44	23	18	196
30-44	9	12	35	27	16	262
45-59	8	12	32	27	21	247
60+	13	21	25	25	16	301
education
Less than HS	15	14	35	27	10	97
HS graduate	8	11	31	24	27	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	6	13	36	27	18	265
Bachelor's degree	3	19	27	36	15	162
Post grad study/professional degree	18	19	36	18	9	184
income
Less than $30k	11	14	33	20	21	270
$30k to less than $50k	6	18	34	24	18	148
$50k to less than $75k	9	12	32	26	20	197
$75k to less than $100k	6	17	34	35	8	139
$100k or more	10	12	32	27	17	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	4	7	24	33	32	418
Independent	2	6	44	31	18	136
Democrat	16	25	38	17	5	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	4	8	26	33	29	328
Independent	4	8	38	29	20	328
Democrat	18	27	35	15	5	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	4	8	26	33	29	328
Lean Republican	6	2	18	31	42	90
Independent	2	6	44	31	18	136
Lean Democrat	6	18	47	25	5	101
Democrat	18	27	35	15	5	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	6	9	18	33	34	221
Weak Republican	0	6	42	35	18	107
Lean Republican	6	2	18	31	42	90
Independent	2	6	44	31	18	136
Lean Democrat	6	18	47	25	5	101
Weak Democrat	13	12	39	25	10	120
Strong Democrat	21	34	33	10	2	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	9	12	37	24	18	244
Single, living with a partner	3	12	44	24	17	119
Married	10	16	27	29	18	487
Separated	17	22	37	12	13	16
Widowed	8	17	34	14	27	51
Divorced	8	16	38	25	14	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	13	29	29	21	616
Black Non-Hispanic	13	15	42	15	14	117
Hispanic	6	19	37	24	15	175
Other	9	18	43	23	7	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	15	21	21	22	22	56
Once a week	11	13	31	28	18	154
Once or twice a month	12	17	38	21	12	67
A few times a year	6	8	29	35	22	170
Seldom	9	16	35	23	16	261
Never	8	16	36	24	17	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	9	12	27	27	25	230
Mainline Protestant	10	10	38	27	14	169
Roman Catholic	13	17	31	22	17	190
No religion	6	17	38	24	15	315
Other religion	8	13	28	33	17	99
ideology
Very conservative	6	7	22	26	39	141
Somewhat conservative	9	11	22	34	25	231
Moderate	8	10	42	26	13	351
Somewhat liberal	9	26	37	20	8	156
Very liberal	17	28	35	16	5	127
voter registration status
Yes	10	15	33	25	17	790
No	4	15	32	29	21	214

C5: Confidence in state Supreme Court

[Your state Supreme Court or highest court in your state] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	8	26	39	17	10	484
Female	6	20	51	18	5	510
Another gender	0	0	82	18	0	7
age
18-29	9	19	39	18	15	196
30-44	10	18	43	22	8	262
45-59	5	24	49	17	4	247
60+	5	29	48	14	4	301
education
Less than HS	13	15	55	13	3	97
HS graduate	6	19	49	14	11	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	6	18	44	23	8	265
Bachelor's degree	2	33	43	16	6	162
Post grad study/professional degree	13	29	36	19	3	184
income
Less than $30k	9	14	48	18	11	270
$30k to less than $50k	8	22	52	14	4	148
$50k to less than $75k	7	26	40	21	6	197
$75k to less than $100k	6	26	45	15	8	139
$100k or more	7	28	41	18	5	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	6	26	43	17	8	418
Independent	5	14	58	15	8	136
Democrat	10	22	43	19	6	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	7	27	45	16	5	328
Independent	6	21	47	17	9	328
Democrat	10	20	43	20	7	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	7	27	45	16	5	328
Lean Republican	3	24	36	21	17	90
Independent	5	14	58	15	8	136
Lean Democrat	10	29	42	17	2	101
Democrat	10	20	43	20	7	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	5	30	45	14	5	221
Weak Republican	10	20	45	19	6	107
Lean Republican	3	24	36	21	17	90
Independent	5	14	58	15	8	136
Lean Democrat	10	29	42	17	2	101
Weak Democrat	9	22	42	20	8	120
Strong Democrat	10	20	44	20	7	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	8	14	46	18	13	244
Single, living with a partner	9	13	47	27	4	119
Married	7	27	44	15	7	487
Separated	5	9	60	22	4	16
Widowed	4	30	49	16	1	51
Divorced	8	31	39	21	1	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	6	25	45	17	7	616
Black Non-Hispanic	10	10	56	18	7	117
Hispanic	11	23	40	16	10	175
Other	6	22	40	27	6	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	16	25	38	18	4	56
Once a week	8	29	39	14	10	154
Once or twice a month	7	32	50	7	4	67
A few times a year	4	22	44	21	8	170
Seldom	5	20	55	16	3	261
Never	9	19	40	22	10	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	6	26	40	21	7	230
Mainline Protestant	9	23	52	15	2	169
Roman Catholic	11	21	49	13	7	190
No religion	6	23	41	20	9	315
Other religion	7	17	49	17	11	99
ideology
Very conservative	7	27	37	20	8	141
Somewhat conservative	9	24	46	13	8	231
Moderate	7	21	48	18	5	351
Somewhat liberal	7	23	49	16	6	156
Very liberal	5	20	37	26	12	127
voter registration status
Yes	6	24	46	17	7	790
No	10	19	41	23	7	214

C6: Confidence in DOJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	10	20	26	26	18	484
Female	8	22	43	19	9	510
Another gender	0	0	86	14	0	7
age
18-29	9	17	40	18	16	196
30-44	6	21	37	27	10	262
45-59	7	22	38	20	13	247
60+	12	23	28	23	13	301
education
Less than HS	12	21	40	24	3	97
HS graduate	6	17	34	26	17	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	16	39	21	16	265
Bachelor's degree	2	29	32	26	11	162
Post grad study/professional degree	19	26	31	14	10	184
income
Less than $30k	9	19	40	18	15	270
$30k to less than $50k	12	18	42	17	11	148
$50k to less than $75k	9	14	32	30	13	197
$75k to less than $100k	7	24	30	24	15	139
$100k or more	7	29	30	23	10	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	4	12	33	28	23	418
Independent	3	16	52	17	12	136
Democrat	14	30	32	18	4	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	5	12	33	29	22	328
Independent	4	22	41	19	13	328
Democrat	16	28	31	19	5	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	5	12	33	29	22	328
Lean Republican	1	15	33	25	25	90
Independent	3	16	52	17	12	136
Lean Democrat	8	38	34	16	4	101
Democrat	16	28	31	19	5	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	4	11	28	30	27	221
Weak Republican	7	13	41	26	13	107
Lean Republican	1	15	33	25	25	90
Independent	3	16	52	17	12	136
Lean Democrat	8	38	34	16	4	101
Weak Democrat	7	26	29	31	6	120
Strong Democrat	21	29	32	13	4	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	10	11	38	23	17	244
Single, living with a partner	9	15	47	20	8	119
Married	8	26	29	23	14	487
Separated	2	62	7	21	9	16
Widowed	9	18	46	17	11	51
Divorced	9	23	40	24	4	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	21	34	22	14	616
Black Non-Hispanic	9	18	44	21	8	117
Hispanic	10	23	30	23	15	175
Other	7	17	39	26	12	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	17	34	16	20	56
Once a week	8	21	35	19	16	154
Once or twice a month	11	29	29	23	8	67
A few times a year	4	18	36	28	13	170
Seldom	9	20	36	25	10	261
Never	10	22	35	19	14	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	3	21	36	23	17	230
Mainline Protestant	15	20	32	23	9	169
Roman Catholic	14	24	32	19	10	190
No religion	7	21	35	25	12	315
Other religion	6	17	39	18	20	99
ideology
Very conservative	7	9	26	24	34	141
Somewhat conservative	6	17	34	25	18	231
Moderate	7	24	39	22	7	351
Somewhat liberal	13	26	34	22	5	156
Very liberal	13	28	37	15	7	127
voter registration status
Yes	9	22	35	21	13	790
No	7	18	34	28	13	214

C7: Confidence in juries

[Juries that decide guilt or innocence in criminal cases] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	11	30	40	14	6	484
Female	11	29	41	16	4	510
Another gender	0	0	100	0	0	7
age
18-29	13	18	46	13	10	196
30-44	9	24	38	21	7	262
45-59	12	26	42	19	2	247
60+	10	44	38	7	1	301
education
Less than HS	12	28	40	19	2	97
HS graduate	9	26	46	12	7	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	11	29	35	19	5	265
Bachelor's degree	9	30	47	12	2	162
Post grad study/professional degree	15	34	35	13	3	184
income
Less than $30k	12	19	46	15	8	270
$30k to less than $50k	9	31	43	11	6	148
$50k to less than $75k	8	35	31	23	3	197
$75k to less than $100k	7	32	51	8	2	139
$100k or more	15	33	35	14	2	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	9	28	44	14	6	418
Independent	6	25	47	15	8	136
Democrat	14	32	36	16	2	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	9	30	42	15	4	328
Independent	7	26	45	15	8	328
Democrat	16	31	36	14	2	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	9	30	42	15	4	328
Lean Republican	7	20	51	10	11	90
Independent	6	25	47	15	8	136
Lean Democrat	8	32	35	21	4	101
Democrat	16	31	36	14	2	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	8	35	39	14	4	221
Weak Republican	12	22	47	16	4	107
Lean Republican	7	20	51	10	11	90
Independent	6	25	47	15	8	136
Lean Democrat	8	32	35	21	4	101
Weak Democrat	16	25	35	22	3	120
Strong Democrat	16	35	37	10	1	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	7	26	46	10	11	244
Single, living with a partner	18	16	40	24	2	119
Married	10	35	39	13	3	487
Separated	16	23	38	20	3	16
Widowed	7	28	41	25	0	51
Divorced	16	26	40	17	1	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	12	36	35	14	3	616
Black Non-Hispanic	10	16	53	14	6	117
Hispanic	12	21	42	16	9	175
Other	6	15	60	15	3	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	14	28	47	11	1	56
Once a week	11	34	38	12	5	154
Once or twice a month	8	36	43	11	2	67
A few times a year	13	24	38	19	6	170
Seldom	8	30	42	16	3	261
Never	12	28	41	13	5	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	8	31	39	17	5	230
Mainline Protestant	16	32	36	13	3	169
Roman Catholic	14	31	37	11	6	190
No religion	10	26	42	18	5	315
Other religion	6	28	53	8	5	99
ideology
Very conservative	8	29	42	16	5	141
Somewhat conservative	12	32	37	12	7	231
Moderate	9	26	45	17	3	351
Somewhat liberal	15	29	36	17	3	156
Very liberal	11	33	40	11	5	127
voter registration status
Yes	12	31	42	12	3	790
No	9	20	37	25	9	214

C8: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	n
sex
Male	5	17	38	41	484
Female	6	23	46	24	510
Another gender	25	0	31	44	7
age
18-29	8	30	35	27	196
30-44	6	18	43	32	262
45-59	8	21	40	31	247
60+	2	14	47	37	301
education
Less than HS	4	18	56	22	97
HS graduate	11	26	38	25	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	5	24	43	28	265
Bachelor's degree	0	16	40	43	162
Post grad study/professional degree	3	10	41	46	184
income
Less than $30k	10	26	43	21	270
$30k to less than $50k	6	25	43	27	148
$50k to less than $75k	7	18	47	29	197
$75k to less than $100k	3	15	43	37	139
$100k or more	1	14	37	48	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	7	22	42	29	418
Independent	4	39	44	13	136
Democrat	4	13	41	42	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	6	23	42	29	328
Independent	6	24	43	27	328
Democrat	5	13	41	41	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	6	23	42	29	328
Lean Republican	12	19	41	28	90
Independent	4	39	44	13	136
Lean Democrat	3	10	43	44	101
Democrat	5	13	41	41	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	7	24	42	27	221
Weak Republican	4	20	43	33	107
Lean Republican	12	19	41	28	90
Independent	4	39	44	13	136
Lean Democrat	3	10	43	44	101
Weak Democrat	8	15	49	28	120
Strong Democrat	3	13	36	48	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	7	23	38	32	244
Single, living with a partner	4	30	42	23	119
Married	6	17	41	36	487
Separated	1	24	30	46	16
Widowed	7	23	44	26	51
Divorced	4	12	59	25	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	5	17	45	34	616
Black Non-Hispanic	4	31	41	24	117
Hispanic	10	26	37	26	175
Other	0	18	34	48	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	23	44	19	56
Once a week	8	20	46	25	154
Once or twice a month	7	25	30	38	67
A few times a year	9	23	38	29	170
Seldom	2	14	48	35	261
Never	3	22	39	37	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	8	26	37	28	230
Mainline Protestant	4	19	46	31	169
Roman Catholic	8	17	43	33	190
No religion	4	18	41	38	315
Other religion	3	22	45	29	99
ideology
Very conservative	12	19	44	26	141
Somewhat conservative	10	24	39	26	231
Moderate	3	25	47	26	351
Somewhat liberal	1	13	46	41	156
Very liberal	2	11	26	60	127
voter registration status
Yes	5	17	41	36	790
No	6	30	44	19	214

C9: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	18	62	19	484
Female	15	61	25	510
Another gender	18	57	25	7
age
18-29	12	58	30	196
30-44	13	59	28	262
45-59	16	65	19	247
60+	24	62	14	301
education
Less than HS	13	66	22	97
HS graduate	10	60	30	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	16	60	25	265
Bachelor's degree	24	55	21	162
Post grad study/professional degree	25	69	6	184
income
Less than $30k	16	53	31	270
$30k to less than $50k	11	64	25	148
$50k to less than $75k	13	69	18	197
$75k to less than $100k	21	64	15	139
$100k or more	22	61	17	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	10	68	22	418
Independent	4	49	47	136
Democrat	27	59	14	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	11	69	20	328
Independent	11	56	33	328
Democrat	28	59	13	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	11	69	20	328
Lean Republican	7	63	30	90
Independent	4	49	47	136
Lean Democrat	23	60	17	101
Democrat	28	59	13	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	13	68	19	221
Weak Republican	6	72	23	107
Lean Republican	7	63	30	90
Independent	4	49	47	136
Lean Democrat	23	60	17	101
Weak Democrat	13	62	24	120
Strong Democrat	36	57	8	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	19	60	21	244
Single, living with a partner	8	62	30	119
Married	19	62	19	487
Separated	19	52	29	16
Widowed	13	59	28	51
Divorced	14	61	25	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	17	60	23	616
Black Non-Hispanic	16	61	23	117
Hispanic	14	64	22	175
Other	18	66	16	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	17	63	20	56
Once a week	18	63	19	154
Once or twice a month	25	66	9	67
A few times a year	13	61	26	170
Seldom	15	64	21	261
Never	18	57	25	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	11	61	27	230
Mainline Protestant	18	61	22	169
Roman Catholic	23	60	17	190
No religion	18	60	22	315
Other religion	12	68	21	99
ideology
Very conservative	16	66	17	141
Somewhat conservative	10	66	23	231
Moderate	9	62	29	351
Somewhat liberal	28	54	18	156
Very liberal	36	53	10	127
voter registration status
Yes	19	63	18	790
No	8	56	37	214

C10: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Mainly politics	Mainly the law	n
sex
Male	46	53	484
Female	57	43	510
Another gender	69	31	7
age
18-29	60	40	196
30-44	59	41	262
45-59	49	51	247
60+	43	57	301
education
Less than HS	42	56	97
HS graduate	53	47	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	56	44	265
Bachelor's degree	50	50	162
Post grad study/professional degree	51	49	184
income
Less than $30k	58	42	270
$30k to less than $50k	48	52	148
$50k to less than $75k	53	47	197
$75k to less than $100k	50	48	139
$100k or more	47	53	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	36	64	418
Independent	53	46	136
Democrat	66	34	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	37	63	328
Independent	51	49	328
Democrat	67	33	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	37	63	328
Lean Republican	34	66	90
Independent	53	46	136
Lean Democrat	63	37	101
Democrat	67	33	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	30	70	221
Weak Republican	50	50	107
Lean Republican	34	66	90
Independent	53	46	136
Lean Democrat	63	37	101
Weak Democrat	63	37	120
Strong Democrat	70	30	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	59	41	244
Single, living with a partner	64	36	119
Married	45	54	487
Separated	57	43	16
Widowed	49	51	51
Divorced	54	46	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	46	54	616
Black Non-Hispanic	60	39	117
Hispanic	63	37	175
Other	60	40	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	30	67	56
Once a week	41	59	154
Once or twice a month	45	55	67
A few times a year	64	36	170
Seldom	47	53	261
Never	61	39	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	39	61	230
Mainline Protestant	45	55	169
Roman Catholic	55	45	190
No religion	63	37	315
Other religion	54	46	99
ideology
Very conservative	29	71	141
Somewhat conservative	37	63	231
Moderate	58	42	351
Somewhat liberal	64	36	156
Very liberal	73	27	127
voter registration status
Yes	50	49	790
No	58	42	214

C11: Justice ethics/honesty

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Very high	High	Average	Low	Very low	n
sex
Male	10	26	37	17	10	484
Female	4	22	44	21	9	510
Another gender	0	0	31	26	43	7
age
18-29	7	20	42	15	16	196
30-44	5	21	35	24	14	262
45-59	10	20	42	22	6	247
60+	5	31	43	16	5	301
education
Less than HS	7	16	59	17	2	97
HS graduate	5	28	44	16	7	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	6	22	38	20	14	265
Bachelor's degree	7	23	38	21	11	162
Post grad study/professional degree	9	23	34	23	11	184
income
Less than $30k	5	21	41	19	15	270
$30k to less than $50k	5	21	52	16	6	148
$50k to less than $75k	7	24	42	19	8	197
$75k to less than $100k	4	31	38	22	7	139
$100k or more	11	23	34	22	10	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	12	36	39	9	4	418
Independent	3	17	45	22	13	136
Democrat	3	14	41	28	14	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	13	36	38	10	3	328
Independent	4	19	45	20	12	328
Democrat	3	15	39	28	14	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	13	36	38	10	3	328
Lean Republican	5	34	45	8	9	90
Independent	3	17	45	22	13	136
Lean Democrat	4	10	47	26	13	101
Democrat	3	15	39	28	14	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	15	39	37	7	2	221
Weak Republican	10	32	39	15	5	107
Lean Republican	5	34	45	8	9	90
Independent	3	17	45	22	13	136
Lean Democrat	4	10	47	26	13	101
Weak Democrat	4	15	48	15	18	120
Strong Democrat	2	15	35	35	12	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	5	18	43	19	15	244
Single, living with a partner	6	11	44	26	12	119
Married	8	28	37	20	7	487
Separated	3	39	27	18	14	16
Widowed	5	26	45	13	11	51
Divorced	7	23	50	14	6	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	7	26	38	20	9	616
Black Non-Hispanic	3	9	57	21	10	117
Hispanic	6	25	38	20	11	175
Other	11	23	42	15	10	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	18	29	39	15	0	56
Once a week	9	33	33	17	8	154
Once or twice a month	15	29	40	13	3	67
A few times a year	5	24	46	12	13	170
Seldom	5	23	48	18	7	261
Never	4	17	36	28	15	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	9	29	34	22	5	230
Mainline Protestant	7	23	48	10	11	169
Roman Catholic	5	30	46	11	8	190
No religion	5	14	38	28	14	315
Other religion	6	28	41	17	8	99
ideology
Very conservative	16	41	28	10	5	141
Somewhat conservative	12	40	38	6	4	231
Moderate	4	16	51	22	7	351
Somewhat liberal	1	11	49	24	15	156
Very liberal	1	10	21	41	26	127
voter registration status
Yes	7	24	42	19	9	790
No	6	21	37	23	12	214

C12: Increase # of justices

[Increase the number of justices on the US Supreme Court] How much do you favor or oppose the following proposals affecting the Supreme Court?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	15	33	21	32	484
Female	13	47	24	16	510
Another gender	32	12	31	25	7
age
18-29	21	49	19	11	196
30-44	17	45	24	14	262
45-59	7	38	27	28	247
60+	13	32	20	36	301
education
Less than HS	11	41	31	16	97
HS graduate	12	39	21	28	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	9	44	26	21	265
Bachelor's degree	20	41	17	22	162
Post grad study/professional degree	20	35	20	25	184
income
Less than $30k	16	42	27	15	270
$30k to less than $50k	11	41	28	20	148
$50k to less than $75k	14	44	14	28	197
$75k to less than $100k	11	48	14	28	139
$100k or more	16	30	26	28	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	5	30	20	45	418
Independent	9	39	36	16	136
Democrat	24	50	20	6	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	6	28	20	46	328
Independent	12	38	31	19	328
Democrat	24	52	17	6	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	6	28	20	46	328
Lean Republican	2	36	22	41	90
Independent	9	39	36	16	136
Lean Democrat	25	40	31	4	101
Democrat	24	52	17	6	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	7	24	18	51	221
Weak Republican	3	38	24	35	107
Lean Republican	2	36	22	41	90
Independent	9	39	36	16	136
Lean Democrat	25	40	31	4	101
Weak Democrat	15	53	19	13	120
Strong Democrat	29	52	16	3	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	21	45	15	19	244
Single, living with a partner	19	43	30	8	119
Married	10	37	22	31	487
Separated	26	33	24	17	16
Widowed	8	34	36	22	51
Divorced	13	42	29	15	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	11	36	23	30	616
Black Non-Hispanic	15	57	25	3	117
Hispanic	17	40	24	19	175
Other	26	41	15	18	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	14	24	28	34	56
Once a week	13	33	25	29	154
Once or twice a month	22	36	14	28	67
A few times a year	15	42	24	19	170
Seldom	9	45	21	25	261
Never	17	42	22	18	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	7	42	21	30	230
Mainline Protestant	14	37	23	27	169
Roman Catholic	16	40	19	25	190
No religion	21	40	22	17	315
Other religion	7	41	35	18	99
ideology
Very conservative	6	19	21	54	141
Somewhat conservative	7	39	18	36	231
Moderate	9	46	29	16	351
Somewhat liberal	21	45	25	9	156
Very liberal	43	42	12	2	127
voter registration status
Yes	15	37	22	26	790
No	12	50	26	12	214

C13: Favor/oppose same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	41	25	17	18	484
Female	48	24	14	14	510
Another gender	44	31	0	25	7
age
18-29	54	21	15	11	196
30-44	52	23	16	9	262
45-59	38	30	14	18	247
60+	38	23	16	23	301
education
Less than HS	34	41	12	13	97
HS graduate	32	26	21	21	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	45	22	14	19	265
Bachelor's degree	58	21	16	5	162
Post grad study/professional degree	60	19	8	14	184
income
Less than $30k	43	30	13	14	270
$30k to less than $50k	42	19	21	18	148
$50k to less than $75k	34	23	18	26	197
$75k to less than $100k	47	26	17	10	139
$100k or more	57	22	11	11	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	30	24	26	418
Independent	41	29	13	17	136
Democrat	69	17	8	6	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	17	30	27	26	328
Independent	46	27	12	15	328
Democrat	70	16	7	7	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	17	30	27	26	328
Lean Republican	27	32	14	27	90
Independent	41	29	13	17	136
Lean Democrat	69	20	10	2	101
Democrat	70	16	7	7	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	16	29	25	30	221
Weak Republican	20	32	30	18	107
Lean Republican	27	32	14	27	90
Independent	41	29	13	17	136
Lean Democrat	69	20	10	2	101
Weak Democrat	58	23	9	9	120
Strong Democrat	75	13	6	6	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	53	23	13	11	244
Single, living with a partner	50	27	19	4	119
Married	40	24	15	21	487
Separated	52	19	22	7	16
Widowed	14	39	21	25	51
Divorced	57	19	13	10	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	47	22	14	16	616
Black Non-Hispanic	19	32	21	27	117
Hispanic	46	32	13	9	175
Other	57	13	19	11	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	14	24	49	56
Once a week	29	21	21	29	154
Once or twice a month	25	29	24	22	67
A few times a year	39	29	19	13	170
Seldom	47	29	15	9	261
Never	65	20	6	9	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	12	25	27	36	230
Mainline Protestant	47	29	18	7	169
Roman Catholic	45	31	12	12	190
No religion	70	18	7	5	315
Other religion	38	21	14	27	99
ideology
Very conservative	11	23	26	40	141
Somewhat conservative	21	33	22	24	231
Moderate	46	30	14	11	351
Somewhat liberal	71	16	8	4	156
Very liberal	91	4	2	2	127
voter registration status
Yes	47	21	16	16	790
No	38	36	11	15	214

C14: Favor/oppose LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	49	34	11	6	484
Female	61	25	8	5	510
Another gender	32	31	0	37	7
age
18-29	54	28	14	5	196
30-44	61	26	7	6	262
45-59	49	34	12	6	247
60+	56	30	8	6	301
education
Less than HS	53	35	11	1	97
HS graduate	44	35	13	8	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	51	28	13	8	265
Bachelor's degree	63	31	4	2	162
Post grad study/professional degree	73	18	4	5	184
income
Less than $30k	55	28	11	5	270
$30k to less than $50k	51	31	14	4	148
$50k to less than $75k	49	37	3	10	197
$75k to less than $100k	53	30	12	4	139
$100k or more	64	23	9	4	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	32	44	15	9	418
Independent	56	27	12	4	136
Democrat	76	16	4	4	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	31	45	16	8	328
Independent	56	29	9	5	328
Democrat	76	16	4	4	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	31	45	16	8	328
Lean Republican	35	44	12	9	90
Independent	56	27	12	4	136
Lean Democrat	75	19	3	3	101
Democrat	76	16	4	4	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	32	42	17	9	221
Weak Republican	29	51	13	7	107
Lean Republican	35	44	12	9	90
Independent	56	27	12	4	136
Lean Democrat	75	19	3	3	101
Weak Democrat	65	24	5	6	120
Strong Democrat	82	11	4	3	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	59	27	8	6	244
Single, living with a partner	61	28	9	2	119
Married	50	32	10	8	487
Separated	66	22	11	1	16
Widowed	45	38	16	0	51
Divorced	66	22	8	4	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	56	30	9	6	616
Black Non-Hispanic	44	34	13	8	117
Hispanic	53	34	6	7	175
Other	63	14	20	3	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	31	36	20	12	56
Once a week	47	33	14	6	154
Once or twice a month	31	53	11	4	67
A few times a year	48	33	11	9	170
Seldom	65	26	6	3	261
Never	64	22	8	6	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	36	35	17	12	230
Mainline Protestant	54	32	12	2	169
Roman Catholic	59	28	6	7	190
No religion	70	22	4	3	315
Other religion	48	37	12	3	99
ideology
Very conservative	30	42	19	9	141
Somewhat conservative	35	42	15	8	231
Moderate	59	29	7	6	351
Somewhat liberal	71	21	6	2	156
Very liberal	91	4	3	1	127
voter registration status
Yes	56	29	10	5	790
No	52	31	8	9	214

C15: Favor/oppose overturn Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	26	16	16	42	484
Female	19	12	11	58	510
Another gender	0	0	31	69	7
age
18-29	18	14	20	48	196
30-44	20	20	10	50	262
45-59	23	15	10	52	247
60+	27	7	15	51	301
education
Less than HS	20	21	17	43	97
HS graduate	31	15	14	40	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	19	13	17	51	265
Bachelor's degree	20	11	9	61	162
Post grad study/professional degree	16	13	9	61	184
income
Less than $30k	20	18	13	49	270
$30k to less than $50k	22	15	16	46	148
$50k to less than $75k	30	11	18	41	197
$75k to less than $100k	18	15	9	57	139
$100k or more	20	11	11	59	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	43	17	17	23	418
Independent	13	26	13	48	136
Democrat	6	7	10	77	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	48	17	15	20	328
Independent	14	17	17	52	328
Democrat	6	8	8	78	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	48	17	15	20	328
Lean Republican	25	16	26	33	90
Independent	13	26	13	48	136
Lean Democrat	5	7	15	74	101
Democrat	6	8	8	78	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	59	14	12	14	221
Weak Republican	26	23	21	30	107
Lean Republican	25	16	26	33	90
Independent	13	26	13	48	136
Lean Democrat	5	7	15	74	101
Weak Democrat	11	10	8	71	120
Strong Democrat	4	6	9	81	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	20	11	15	54	244
Single, living with a partner	9	22	14	55	119
Married	28	14	11	47	487
Separated	47	13	2	38	16
Widowed	18	12	25	46	51
Divorced	12	12	17	59	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	24	11	12	52	616
Black Non-Hispanic	15	13	24	48	117
Hispanic	20	21	14	45	175
Other	21	18	9	52	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	59	10	5	26	56
Once a week	48	16	8	28	154
Once or twice a month	25	22	17	35	67
A few times a year	19	24	14	43	170
Seldom	15	11	16	58	261
Never	9	9	15	67	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	38	22	11	30	230
Mainline Protestant	19	14	19	49	169
Roman Catholic	30	12	12	46	190
No religion	8	9	11	72	315
Other religion	22	15	19	44	99
ideology
Very conservative	69	6	7	18	141
Somewhat conservative	38	25	21	17	231
Moderate	9	17	15	59	351
Somewhat liberal	3	7	14	76	156
Very liberal	2	3	2	92	127
voter registration status
Yes	23	13	12	51	790
No	18	17	17	48	214

C16: Favor/oppose expand 2nd Amendment to handguns

In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that, subject to some restrictions, the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	48	22	19	11	484
Female	32	27	22	18	506
Another gender	56	0	12	32	7
age
18-29	31	34	24	11	196
30-44	37	27	23	12	262
45-59	43	25	18	14	244
60+	45	16	18	21	301
education
Less than HS	38	23	29	10	97
HS graduate	49	25	18	7	294
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	37	33	18	12	265
Bachelor's degree	39	20	21	21	162
Post grad study/professional degree	30	17	24	28	184
income
Less than $30k	32	30	28	10	270
$30k to less than $50k	38	32	22	8	148
$50k to less than $75k	48	22	16	13	193
$75k to less than $100k	43	24	20	13	139
$100k or more	40	17	16	27	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	67	21	9	3	414
Independent	40	32	18	9	136
Democrat	14	25	32	28	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	67	22	9	2	324
Independent	41	31	18	9	328
Democrat	13	21	34	32	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	67	22	9	2	324
Lean Republican	67	20	10	3	90
Independent	40	32	18	9	136
Lean Democrat	20	40	26	15	101
Democrat	13	21	34	32	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	75	17	8	1	218
Weak Republican	52	32	11	5	107
Lean Republican	67	20	10	3	90
Independent	40	32	18	9	136
Lean Democrat	20	40	26	15	101
Weak Democrat	22	23	25	29	120
Strong Democrat	8	20	39	33	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	33	27	25	15	244
Single, living with a partner	29	42	15	14	119
Married	47	20	19	14	483
Separated	34	22	25	19	16
Widowed	51	8	14	27	51
Divorced	29	28	27	15	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	46	22	18	14	612
Black Non-Hispanic	27	31	24	18	117
Hispanic	32	31	24	13	175
Other	30	21	27	21	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	57	21	14	8	56
Once a week	35	30	26	9	151
Once or twice a month	45	18	26	11	67
A few times a year	41	23	26	10	170
Seldom	43	22	17	17	261
Never	34	27	18	21	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	56	23	12	9	226
Mainline Protestant	41	27	22	10	169
Roman Catholic	31	24	28	16	190
No religion	34	26	21	19	315
Other religion	35	20	22	24	99
ideology
Very conservative	67	17	12	4	137
Somewhat conservative	61	22	13	4	231
Moderate	39	32	17	12	351
Somewhat liberal	11	23	38	27	156
Very liberal	7	22	33	38	127
voter registration status
Yes	40	24	21	16	790
No	39	28	21	11	210

C17: Favor/oppose race in college admissions

In 2023, the Supreme Court ruled that colleges cannot use race as a factor in deciding which applicants to admit. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	58	20	14	8	484
Female	58	19	15	8	510
Another gender	31	0	14	55	7
age
18-29	56	21	17	6	196
30-44	56	24	13	8	262
45-59	61	17	13	9	247
60+	59	17	16	9	301
education
Less than HS	69	20	10	1	97
HS graduate	71	17	8	4	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	57	19	16	9	265
Bachelor's degree	49	23	20	8	162
Post grad study/professional degree	39	22	22	18	184
income
Less than $30k	62	18	14	7	270
$30k to less than $50k	59	17	19	5	148
$50k to less than $75k	67	19	8	6	197
$75k to less than $100k	47	26	11	16	139
$100k or more	51	20	20	9	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	77	17	4	2	418
Independent	63	21	14	2	136
Democrat	39	21	25	15	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	78	15	4	2	328
Independent	59	22	16	3	328
Democrat	38	21	24	17	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	78	15	4	2	328
Lean Republican	73	23	4	1	90
Independent	63	21	14	2	136
Lean Democrat	40	24	29	7	101
Democrat	38	21	24	17	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	83	12	3	2	221
Weak Republican	67	22	7	4	107
Lean Republican	73	23	4	1	90
Independent	63	21	14	2	136
Lean Democrat	40	24	29	7	101
Weak Democrat	56	21	16	7	120
Strong Democrat	29	21	28	23	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	52	22	18	8	244
Single, living with a partner	57	26	12	5	119
Married	61	17	14	8	487
Separated	64	14	14	8	16
Widowed	57	20	19	4	51
Divorced	57	16	13	14	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	60	19	15	7	616
Black Non-Hispanic	44	16	21	19	117
Hispanic	65	18	12	5	175
Other	50	25	16	9	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	69	19	9	3	56
Once a week	66	14	15	5	154
Once or twice a month	60	16	11	13	67
A few times a year	62	22	11	5	170
Seldom	55	17	19	9	261
Never	51	24	15	10	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	68	16	10	6	230
Mainline Protestant	53	27	13	7	169
Roman Catholic	64	16	14	7	190
No religion	49	21	19	11	315
Other religion	60	15	19	6	99
ideology
Very conservative	80	13	3	4	141
Somewhat conservative	80	16	3	1	231
Moderate	56	21	18	6	351
Somewhat liberal	34	29	25	12	156
Very liberal	28	19	28	25	127
voter registration status
Yes	57	19	15	9	790
No	62	21	12	4	214

E3: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	35	48	17	484
Female	28	43	29	510
Another gender	57	18	25	7
age
18-29	24	43	33	196
30-44	27	48	24	262
45-59	33	46	21	247
60+	39	44	17	301
education
Less than HS	19	52	29	97
HS graduate	20	45	35	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	24	52	25	265
Bachelor's degree	48	40	12	162
Post grad study/professional degree	54	38	8	184
income
Less than $30k	20	43	37	270
$30k to less than $50k	18	57	25	148
$50k to less than $75k	33	48	19	197
$75k to less than $100k	40	38	22	139
$100k or more	46	43	11	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	28	48	24	418
Independent	13	37	51	136
Democrat	40	46	14	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	28	50	22	328
Independent	24	43	33	328
Democrat	41	44	15	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	28	50	22	328
Lean Republican	28	42	30	90
Independent	13	37	51	136
Lean Democrat	36	52	12	101
Democrat	41	44	15	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	35	44	21	221
Weak Republican	14	62	24	107
Lean Republican	28	42	30	90
Independent	13	37	51	136
Lean Democrat	36	52	12	101
Weak Democrat	30	49	21	120
Strong Democrat	47	41	12	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	32	37	31	244
Single, living with a partner	22	52	26	119
Married	36	48	16	487
Separated	27	45	29	16
Widowed	25	45	30	51
Divorced	25	46	29	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	31	46	23	616
Black Non-Hispanic	33	35	32	117
Hispanic	18	57	25	175
Other	58	32	10	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	27	38	35	56
Once a week	30	52	18	154
Once or twice a month	41	51	8	67
A few times a year	25	54	22	170
Seldom	34	43	23	261
Never	33	40	27	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	28	49	23	230
Mainline Protestant	30	45	25	169
Roman Catholic	29	51	20	190
No religion	33	44	22	315
Other religion	41	31	28	99
ideology
Very conservative	34	43	23	141
Somewhat conservative	30	49	21	231
Moderate	20	51	28	351
Somewhat liberal	34	43	22	156
Very liberal	58	29	13	127
voter registration status
Yes	35	45	20	790
No	18	48	35	214

E5: Heard about Thomas financial disclosures

[News stories about Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas submitting amended financial disclosure reports] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	29	35	36	484
Female	27	30	43	510
Another gender	61	14	25	7
age
18-29	21	21	58	196
30-44	15	36	49	262
45-59	32	37	31	247
60+	42	32	26	301
education
Less than HS	28	28	43	97
HS graduate	19	35	46	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	25	30	46	265
Bachelor's degree	33	29	38	162
Post grad study/professional degree	46	34	20	184
income
Less than $30k	22	28	50	270
$30k to less than $50k	24	37	40	148
$50k to less than $75k	26	32	42	197
$75k to less than $100k	32	37	31	139
$100k or more	39	31	30	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	22	38	41	418
Independent	11	25	64	136
Democrat	40	29	31	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	39	41	328
Independent	22	28	50	328
Democrat	43	29	28	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	39	41	328
Lean Republican	27	32	41	90
Independent	11	25	64	136
Lean Democrat	32	29	38	101
Democrat	43	29	28	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	21	44	35	221
Weak Republican	19	30	51	107
Lean Republican	27	32	41	90
Independent	11	25	64	136
Lean Democrat	32	29	38	101
Weak Democrat	27	32	41	120
Strong Democrat	51	27	22	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	27	27	46	244
Single, living with a partner	18	31	50	119
Married	32	35	33	487
Separated	39	36	24	16
Widowed	31	26	43	51
Divorced	25	32	43	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	30	31	39	616
Black Non-Hispanic	22	39	39	117
Hispanic	24	32	44	175
Other	33	32	34	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	25	37	39	56
Once a week	18	43	39	154
Once or twice a month	35	40	25	67
A few times a year	22	32	46	170
Seldom	32	29	38	261
Never	34	26	40	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	21	36	43	230
Mainline Protestant	29	38	33	169
Roman Catholic	38	25	37	190
No religion	29	28	43	315
Other religion	27	37	36	99
ideology
Very conservative	20	47	33	141
Somewhat conservative	21	40	39	231
Moderate	23	28	50	351
Somewhat liberal	42	26	33	156
Very liberal	52	23	25	127
voter registration status
Yes	32	34	34	790
No	15	25	60	214

F1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Very conservative	Somewhat conservative	Moderate	Somewhat liberal	Very liberal	n
sex
Male	21	41	29	7	2	484
Female	20	34	35	8	4	510
Another gender	30	14	56	0	0	7
age
18-29	18	32	40	4	5	196
30-44	20	35	35	6	3	262
45-59	18	33	33	14	2	247
60+	24	45	24	5	2	301
education
Less than HS	13	32	47	5	2	97
HS graduate	12	31	43	10	4	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	19	38	28	10	4	265
Bachelor's degree	30	39	24	6	1	162
Post grad study/professional degree	31	46	19	2	2	184
income
Less than $30k	18	33	38	7	4	270
$30k to less than $50k	15	32	42	6	4	148
$50k to less than $75k	19	31	35	12	3	197
$75k to less than $100k	17	45	26	10	1	139
$100k or more	29	45	21	3	2	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	3	37	44	12	4	418
Independent	19	28	39	9	6	136
Democrat	37	40	19	2	1	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	2	39	41	14	3	328
Independent	18	37	36	5	4	328
Democrat	39	35	20	3	2	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	2	39	41	14	3	328
Lean Republican	4	31	54	6	5	90
Independent	19	28	39	9	6	136
Lean Democrat	30	55	15	0	0	101
Democrat	39	35	20	3	2	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	2	35	44	15	4	221
Weak Republican	4	47	35	12	3	107
Lean Republican	4	31	54	6	5	90
Independent	19	28	39	9	6	136
Lean Democrat	30	55	15	0	0	101
Weak Democrat	26	37	32	4	0	120
Strong Democrat	46	35	14	3	2	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	22	36	32	5	5	244
Single, living with a partner	21	25	42	9	3	119
Married	19	41	29	9	2	487
Separated	22	31	40	7	1	16
Widowed	29	26	36	7	1	51
Divorced	17	45	33	3	3	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	20	40	30	8	2	616
Black Non-Hispanic	25	21	36	9	9	117
Hispanic	16	38	37	7	3	175
Other	26	38	30	4	2	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	16	31	36	6	11	56
Once a week	11	42	32	10	5	154
Once or twice a month	20	38	29	10	4	67
A few times a year	15	34	36	13	2	170
Seldom	20	39	34	6	1	261
Never	29	36	29	4	2	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	11	33	38	13	5	230
Mainline Protestant	21	35	36	6	1	169
Roman Catholic	18	43	31	7	1	190
No religion	29	40	24	4	2	315
Other religion	17	32	38	7	6	99
ideology
Very conservative	5	40	33	12	11	141
Somewhat conservative	4	37	45	12	2	231
Moderate	18	34	40	6	2	351
Somewhat liberal	35	46	15	4	0	156
Very liberal	58	33	6	2	0	127
voter registration status
Yes	22	39	30	7	3	790
No	13	32	42	10	3	214

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Just about always	Most of the time	Only some of the time	Never	n
sex
Male	2	17	63	17	484
Female	0	17	66	17	510
Another gender	0	0	44	56	7
age
18-29	3	22	63	13	196
30-44	2	15	63	21	262
45-59	1	15	65	19	247
60+	0	18	66	16	301
education
Less than HS	4	18	54	24	97
HS graduate	1	17	63	18	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	1	16	66	17	265
Bachelor's degree	0	15	69	16	162
Post grad study/professional degree	0	20	65	15	184
income
Less than $30k	3	20	60	17	270
$30k to less than $50k	0	20	60	20	148
$50k to less than $75k	1	18	58	22	197
$75k to less than $100k	0	21	66	12	139
$100k or more	0	10	75	15	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	1	12	61	26	418
Independent	1	17	66	16	136
Democrat	1	22	67	10	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	1	13	62	25	328
Independent	2	14	67	17	328
Democrat	1	24	64	11	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	1	13	62	25	328
Lean Republican	2	9	59	29	90
Independent	1	17	66	16	136
Lean Democrat	1	15	75	8	101
Democrat	1	24	64	11	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	1	11	60	27	221
Weak Republican	0	15	65	19	107
Lean Republican	2	9	59	29	90
Independent	1	17	66	16	136
Lean Democrat	1	15	75	8	101
Weak Democrat	0	19	66	15	120
Strong Democrat	1	27	63	8	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	3	17	62	17	244
Single, living with a partner	0	22	68	10	119
Married	1	16	66	18	487
Separated	0	22	62	16	16
Widowed	0	15	53	32	51
Divorced	1	21	64	15	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	0	14	68	17	616
Black Non-Hispanic	3	22	54	20	117
Hispanic	1	22	58	19	175
Other	2	23	63	12	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	9	19	51	20	56
Once a week	0	29	54	16	154
Once or twice a month	0	21	68	11	67
A few times a year	1	13	65	21	170
Seldom	1	16	68	15	261
Never	0	13	68	19	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	1	17	56	26	230
Mainline Protestant	0	18	70	12	169
Roman Catholic	0	24	62	14	190
No religion	1	13	70	16	315
Other religion	4	17	63	17	99
ideology
Very conservative	2	9	59	30	141
Somewhat conservative	2	15	63	20	231
Moderate	1	19	64	17	351
Somewhat liberal	0	24	66	10	156
Very liberal	2	19	72	7	127
voter registration status
Yes	1	18	65	17	790
No	2	15	63	19	214

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Most people can be trusted	Most people can't be trusted	n
sex
Male	56	44	484
Female	50	50	509
Another gender	44	56	7
age
18-29	34	66	195
30-44	34	66	262
45-59	62	38	247
60+	72	28	301
education
Less than HS	43	57	97
HS graduate	47	53	297
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	52	48	265
Bachelor's degree	57	43	162
Post grad study/professional degree	63	37	184
income
Less than $30k	39	61	270
$30k to less than $50k	47	53	148
$50k to less than $75k	53	47	197
$75k to less than $100k	57	43	139
$100k or more	67	33	249
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	54	46	418
Independent	31	69	136
Democrat	58	42	453
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	55	45	328
Independent	45	55	327
Democrat	57	43	351
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	55	45	328
Lean Republican	50	50	90
Independent	31	69	136
Lean Democrat	61	39	101
Democrat	57	43	351
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	61	39	221
Weak Republican	41	59	107
Lean Republican	50	50	90
Independent	31	69	136
Lean Democrat	61	39	101
Weak Democrat	51	49	120
Strong Democrat	60	40	231
marital status
Single, that is never married	46	54	244
Single, living with a partner	42	58	119
Married	59	41	487
Separated	30	70	15
Widowed	52	48	51
Divorced	53	47	89
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	63	37	615
Black Non-Hispanic	24	76	117
Hispanic	39	61	175
Other	45	55	90
religious service attendance
More than once a week	51	49	56
Once a week	59	41	154
Once or twice a month	52	48	67
A few times a year	45	55	170
Seldom	57	43	261
Never	49	51	299
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	47	53	230
Mainline Protestant	56	44	169
Roman Catholic	60	40	190
No religion	51	49	315
Other religion	51	49	99
ideology
Very conservative	58	42	141
Somewhat conservative	51	49	231
Moderate	46	54	351
Somewhat liberal	62	38	156
Very liberal	57	43	127
voter registration status
Yes	57	43	790
No	34	66	213