Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll September 18-25, 2023

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most of the time	376	37	37	37
Some of the time	403	40	40	77
Only now and then	144	14	14	92
Hardly at all	83	8	8	100

A2: voter registration

Are you registered to vote at your present address, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	781	78	78	78
No	226	22	22	100

A2B: registration intention

Do you plan to register to vote, or is there a chance that you may not register?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Plan to Register	109	11	48	48
Chance May Not Register	116	12	52	100
(Missing)	781	78	NA	NA

A3: voting intention

What are the chances that you will vote in the November 2024 general election for president, Congress, and other offices -- are you absolutely certain to vote, very likely to vote, are the chances 50-50, or don't you think you will vote?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Absolutely certain	670	67	67	67
Very Likely	129	13	13	79
Chances 50-50	133	13	13	93
Don't think will vote	75	7	7	100

A4: voting enthusiasm

How enthusiastic are you about voting in the elections in November 2024 for president and other offices? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not too, or not at all enthusiastic?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very enthusiastic	369	37	37	37
Somewhat enthusiastic	308	31	31	67
Not too enthusiastic	234	23	23	91
Not at all enthusiastic	95	9	9	100
(Missing)	1	0	NA	NA

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	328	33	33	33
Democrat	351	35	35	67
Independent	219	22	22	89
Other/No preference	109	11	11	100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strong	453	45	67	67
Not very strong	225	22	33	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100
(Missing)	328	33	NA	NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	90	9	27	27
Democratic	101	10	31	58
Neither	136	14	42	100
(Missing)	679	67	NA	NA

B1: GOP primary

Here are some candidates for the Republican presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Doug Burgum	2	0	0	0
Chris Christie	2	0	0	1
Ron DeSantis	46	5	11	12
Larry Elder	1	0	0	12
Nikki Haley	26	3	6	18
Will Hurd	0	0	0	18
Asa Hutchinson	0	0	0	18
Mike Pence	18	2	4	23
Vivek Ramaswamy	15	2	4	26
Tim Scott	6	1	1	28
Donald Trump	234	23	56	84
Undecided	68	7	16	100
(Missing)	589	58	NA	NA

B2: Trump vs DeSantis

If it were a choice between just the two of them, who would you prefer as the Republican nominee for president in 2024: [Donald Trump] or [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Donald Trump	178	18	43	43
Probably Donald Trump	129	13	31	73
Probably Ron DeSantis	63	6	15	88
Definitely Ron DeSantis	48	5	12	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100
(Missing)	589	58	NA	NA

B3: Democratic primary

Here are some candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination. If the primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	223	22	49	49
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.	58	6	13	62
Marianne Williamson	18	2	4	66
Undecided	155	15	34	100
(Missing)	554	55	NA	NA

B4: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	434	43	43	43
Joe Biden	373	37	37	80
Someone else	126	12	12	93
Wouldn't vote	75	7	7	100

B4B: Trump vs Biden, lean

If you had to choose, would you vote for [Biden] or for [Trump]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Donald Trump	19	2	10	10
Probably Donald Trump	69	7	34	44
Probably Joe Biden	79	8	40	84
Definitely Joe Biden	29	3	15	98
Skipped/Ref	4	0	2	100
(Missing)	807	80	NA	NA

B4: Trump vs Biden, with lean

[combination of i4i and preference in i4leani]
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	522	52	52	52
Joe Biden	481	48	48	100
Someone else	0	0	0	100
Wouldn't vote	3	0	0	100

B5: DeSantis vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Florida Governor Ron DeSantis, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Ron DeSantis] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis	384	38	38	38
Joe Biden	397	39	39	78
Someone else	138	14	14	91
Wouldn't vote	88	9	9	100

B5B: DeSantis vs Biden, lean

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [DeSantis]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Ron DeSantis	26	3	12	12
Probably Ron DeSantis	95	9	42	53
Probably Joe Biden	76	8	34	87
Definitely Joe Biden	25	2	11	98
Skipped/Ref	5	0	2	100
(Missing)	781	78	NA	NA

B5: DeSantis vs Biden, with lean

[combination of i5 and preference in i5lean]
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Ron DeSantis	505	50	50	50
Joe Biden	497	49	49	100
Someone else	2	0	0	100
Wouldn't vote	2	0	0	100

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	94	9	9	9
Somewhat approve	338	34	34	43
Somewhat disapprove	319	32	32	75
Strongly disapprove	256	25	25	100

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	432	43	43	43
Disapprove	575	57	57	100

C3: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	67	7	7	7
Quite a lot	212	21	21	28
Some	376	37	37	65
Very little	245	24	24	89
None at all	106	11	11	100

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	34	3	3	3
Quite a lot	89	9	9	12
Some	387	38	38	51
Very little	383	38	38	89
None at all	114	11	11	100

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	91	9	9	9
Quite a lot	146	15	15	24
Some	332	33	33	57
Very little	259	26	26	82
None at all	179	18	18	100

C5: Confidence in state Supreme Court

[Your state Supreme Court or highest court in your state] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	74	7	7	7
Quite a lot	229	23	23	30
Some	454	45	45	75
Very little	179	18	18	93
None at all	72	7	7	100

C6: Confidence in DOJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	87	9	9	9
Quite a lot	211	21	21	30
Some	352	35	35	65
Very little	224	22	22	87
None at all	131	13	13	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

C7: Confidence in juries

[Juries that decide guilt or innocence in criminal cases] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	110	11	11	11
Quite a lot	294	29	29	40
Some	410	41	41	81
Very little	148	15	15	96
None at all	45	4	4	100

C8: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	56	6	6	6
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	202	20	20	26
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	422	42	42	67
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	326	32	32	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C9: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	169	17	17	17
A little	617	61	61	78
Nothing at all	221	22	22	100

C10: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics	523	52	52	52
Mainly the law	482	48	48	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

C11: Justice ethics/honesty

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	66	7	7	7
High	236	23	23	30
Average	411	41	41	71
Low	196	19	19	90
Very low	98	10	10	100

C12: Increase # of justices

[Increase the number of justices on the US Supreme Court] How much do you favor or oppose the following proposals affecting the Supreme Court?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	142	14	14	14
Somewhat favor	403	40	40	54
Somewhat oppose	226	22	22	77
Strongly oppose	235	23	23	100

C13: Favor/oppose same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	451	45	45	45
Somewhat favor	245	24	24	69
Somewhat oppose	153	15	15	84
Strongly oppose	159	16	16	100

C14: Favor/oppose LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	555	55	55	55
Somewhat favor	297	29	29	85
Somewhat oppose	97	10	10	94
Strongly oppose	58	6	6	100

C15: Favor/oppose overturn Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	224	22	22	22
Somewhat favor	140	14	14	36
Somewhat oppose	135	13	13	50
Strongly oppose	508	50	50	100

C16: Favor/oppose expand 2nd Amendment to handguns

In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that, subject to some restrictions, the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	398	40	40	40
Somewhat favor	247	25	25	64
Somewhat oppose	207	21	21	85
Strongly oppose	150	15	15	100
(Missing)	4	0	NA	NA

C17: Favor/oppose race in college admissions

In 2023, the Supreme Court ruled that colleges cannot use race as a factor in deciding which applicants to admit. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	582	58	58	58
Somewhat favor	196	19	19	77
Somewhat oppose	148	15	15	92
Strongly oppose	80	8	8	100

D1: Biden job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	122	12	12	12
Somewhat approve	273	27	27	39
Somewhat disapprove	192	19	19	58
Strongly disapprove	420	42	42	100

D1: Biden job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	395	39	39	39
Disapprove	612	61	61	100

D2: Congress job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	22	2	2	2
Somewhat approve	293	29	29	31
Somewhat disapprove	418	41	41	73
Strongly disapprove	275	27	27	100

D2: Congress job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	315	31	31	31
Disapprove	692	69	69	100

D3: Fav/unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	148	15	15	15
Somewhat favorable	245	24	24	39
Somewhat unfavorable	151	15	15	54
Very unfavorable	442	44	44	98
Haven't heard enough	20	2	2	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

D4: Fav/unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	99	10	10	10
Somewhat favorable	263	26	26	36
Somewhat unfavorable	150	15	15	51
Very unfavorable	383	38	38	89
Haven't heard enough	112	11	11	100

D5: Fav/unfav: Kennedy, Jr.

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	80	8	8	8
Somewhat favorable	292	29	29	37
Somewhat unfavorable	146	15	15	52
Very unfavorable	172	17	17	69
Haven't heard enough	316	31	31	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D6: Fav/unfav: Williamson

[Marianne Williamson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	19	2	2	2
Somewhat favorable	74	7	7	9
Somewhat unfavorable	107	11	11	20
Very unfavorable	94	9	9	29
Haven't heard enough	713	71	71	100

D7: Fav/unfav: Burgum

[Doug Burgum] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	8	1	1	1
Somewhat favorable	59	6	6	7
Somewhat unfavorable	84	8	8	15
Very unfavorable	44	4	4	19
Haven't heard enough	808	80	80	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

D8: Fav/unfav: Christie

[Chris Christie] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	23	2	2	2
Somewhat favorable	170	17	17	19
Somewhat unfavorable	265	26	26	45
Very unfavorable	216	21	21	67
Haven't heard enough	333	33	33	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

D9: Fav/unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	121	12	12	12
Somewhat favorable	231	23	23	35
Somewhat unfavorable	138	14	14	49
Very unfavorable	372	37	37	86
Haven't heard enough	145	14	14	100

D10: Fav/unfav: Elder

[Larry Elder] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	31	3	3	3
Somewhat favorable	100	10	10	13
Somewhat unfavorable	82	8	8	21
Very unfavorable	72	7	7	28
Haven't heard enough	721	72	72	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D11: Fav/unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	67	7	7	7
Somewhat favorable	196	19	19	26
Somewhat unfavorable	179	18	18	44
Very unfavorable	124	12	12	56
Haven't heard enough	439	44	44	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

D12: Fav/unfav: Hurd

[Will Hurd] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	11	1	1	1
Somewhat favorable	56	6	6	7
Somewhat unfavorable	81	8	8	15
Very unfavorable	49	5	5	20
Haven't heard enough	808	80	80	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

D13: Fav/unfav: Hutchinson

[Asa Hutchinson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	14	1	1	1
Somewhat favorable	82	8	8	10
Somewhat unfavorable	137	14	14	23
Very unfavorable	96	9	9	33
Haven't heard enough	678	67	67	100

D14: Fav/unfav: Johnson

[Perry Johnson] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	12	1	1	1
Somewhat favorable	36	4	4	5
Somewhat unfavorable	65	6	6	11
Very unfavorable	53	5	5	16
Haven't heard enough	842	84	84	100

D15: Fav/unfav: Pence

[Mike Pence] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	48	5	5	5
Somewhat favorable	232	23	23	28
Somewhat unfavorable	277	28	28	55
Very unfavorable	325	32	32	88
Haven't heard enough	125	12	12	100

D16: Fav/unfav: Ramaswamy

[Vivek Ramaswamy] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	55	5	5	5
Somewhat favorable	138	14	14	19
Somewhat unfavorable	119	12	12	31
Very unfavorable	195	19	19	50
Haven't heard enough	500	50	50	100

D17: Fav/unfav: Scott

[Tim Scott] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	59	6	6	6
Somewhat favorable	133	13	13	19
Somewhat unfavorable	115	11	11	30
Very unfavorable	103	10	10	41
Haven't heard enough	596	59	59	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D18: Fav/unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	244	24	24	24
Somewhat favorable	180	18	18	42
Somewhat unfavorable	109	11	11	53
Very unfavorable	450	45	45	98
Haven't heard enough	24	2	2	100

D19: Fav/unfav: Democratic Party

[The Democratic party] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following political organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	147	15	15	15
Somewhat favorable	273	27	27	42
Somewhat unfavorable	200	20	20	62
Very unfavorable	331	33	33	94
Haven't heard enough	56	6	6	100

D20: Fav/unfav: Republican Party

[The Republican party] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following political organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	153	15	15	15
Somewhat favorable	266	26	26	42
Somewhat unfavorable	189	19	19	60
Very unfavorable	337	33	33	94
Haven't heard enough	61	6	6	100

D21: Fav/unfav: Green Party

[The Green party] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following political organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	32	3	3	3
Somewhat favorable	155	15	15	19
Somewhat unfavorable	169	17	17	35
Very unfavorable	156	16	16	51
Haven't heard enough	493	49	49	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

D22: Fav/unfav: Libertarian Party

[The Libertarian party] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following political organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	27	3	3	3
Somewhat favorable	244	24	24	27
Somewhat unfavorable	202	20	20	47
Very unfavorable	158	16	16	63
Haven't heard enough	377	37	37	100

D23: Fav/unfav: No Labels political group

[The No Labels political group] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following political organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	11	1	1	1
Somewhat favorable	75	7	7	8
Somewhat unfavorable	92	9	9	18
Very unfavorable	93	9	9	27
Haven't heard enough	736	73	73	100

E1: State of the economy

How would you describe the state of the nation's economy these days?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	28	3	3	3
Good	179	18	18	21
Not so good	475	47	47	68
Poor	325	32	32	100

E2: Heard about Trump indictments

[Donald Trump’s indictments and pending trials in four cases in New York, Florida, Washington D.C., and Georgia] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	719	71	71	71
A little	230	23	23	94
Nothing at all	58	6	6	100

E3: Heard about affirmative action case

[A Supreme Court case concerning the use of race in college admissions] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	317	31	31	31
A little	458	45	45	77
Nothing at all	232	23	23	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

E4: Heard about Hunter Biden indictment

[A special counsel’s indictment of Hunter Biden] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	431	43	43	43
A little	419	42	42	84
Nothing at all	157	16	16	100

E5: Heard about Thomas financial disclosures

[News stories about Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas submitting amended financial disclosure reports] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	288	29	29	29
A little	323	32	32	61
Nothing at all	396	39	39	100

E6: Heard about Biden impeachment inquiry

[The House of Representatives opening a formal impeachment inquiry into President Joe Biden] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	364	36	36	36
A little	431	43	43	79
Nothing at all	211	21	21	100

E7: Heard about August inflation

[News reports that consumer prices (inflation) rose by 3.7% over the past 12 months (as of August)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	472	47	47	47
A little	405	40	40	87
Nothing at all	130	13	13	100

E8: Heard about August unemployment

[News reports that the unemployment rate was 3.8% (as of August)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	228	23	23	23
A little	534	53	53	76
Nothing at all	245	24	24	100

F1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	205	20	20	20
Somewhat conservative	375	37	37	58
Moderate	323	32	32	90
Somewhat liberal	74	7	7	97
Very liberal	29	3	3	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

F2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	35	3	3	3
Somewhat conservative	64	6	6	10
Moderate	236	23	23	33
Somewhat liberal	262	26	26	59
Very liberal	410	41	41	100

F3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	504	50	50	50
Somewhat conservative	272	27	27	77
Moderate	132	13	13	90
Somewhat liberal	44	4	4	94
Very liberal	56	6	6	100

F4: DeSantis ideology

[Ron DeSantis] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	509	51	51	51
Somewhat conservative	188	19	19	69
Moderate	219	22	22	91
Somewhat liberal	45	4	4	95
Very liberal	46	5	5	100

F5: Republican ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	480	48	48	48
Somewhat conservative	313	31	31	79
Moderate	142	14	14	93
Somewhat liberal	42	4	4	97
Very liberal	30	3	3	100

F6: Democratic ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	33	3	3	3
Somewhat conservative	73	7	7	11
Moderate	211	21	21	32
Somewhat liberal	261	26	26	57
Very liberal	429	43	43	100

F7: Better at handling the economy

[The economy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	257	26	26	26
Trump	518	51	51	77
Both about the same	88	9	9	86
Neither good	144	14	14	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

F8: Better at handling immigration/border

[Immigration and border security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	270	27	27	27
Trump	519	52	52	78
Both about the same	67	7	7	85
Neither good	151	15	15	100

F9: Better at handling inflation

[Inflation] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	246	24	24	24
Trump	509	51	51	75
Both about the same	106	11	11	85
Neither good	146	15	15	100

F10: Better at handling job creation

[Creating jobs] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	291	29	29	29
Trump	488	48	48	77
Both about the same	119	12	12	89
Neither good	109	11	11	100

F11: Better at handling climate change

[Climate change] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	418	42	42	42
Trump	229	23	23	64
Both about the same	152	15	15	79
Neither good	208	21	21	100

F12: Better at handling foreign relations

[Foreign relations] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	358	36	36	36
Trump	414	41	41	77
Both about the same	92	9	9	86
Neither good	142	14	14	100

F13: Better at handling abortion policy

[Abortion policy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	403	40	40	40
Trump	345	34	34	74
Both about the same	103	10	10	84
Neither good	157	16	16	100

F14: Better at handling medicare/social security

[Medicare & Social Security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	374	37	37	37
Trump	376	37	37	75
Both about the same	116	12	12	86
Neither good	140	14	14	100

F15: Describes Biden: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	550	55	55	55
Somewhat well	228	23	23	77
Not too well	130	13	13	90
Not at all well	98	10	10	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

F16: Describes Biden: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	162	16	16	16
Somewhat well	259	26	26	42
Not too well	179	18	18	60
Not at all well	402	40	40	100
Skipped/Ref	4	0	0	100

F17: Describes Biden: understands problems

[Understands the problems of ordinary people] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	153	15	15	15
Somewhat well	249	25	25	40
Not too well	198	20	20	60
Not at all well	408	40	40	100

F18: Describes Biden: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	283	28	28	28
Somewhat well	175	17	17	45
Not too well	263	26	26	72
Not at all well	285	28	28	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

F19: Describes Biden: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	135	13	13	13
Somewhat well	260	26	26	39
Not too well	216	21	21	61
Not at all well	397	39	39	100

F20: Describes Trump: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	241	24	24	24
Somewhat well	282	28	28	52
Not too well	271	27	27	79
Not at all well	211	21	21	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

F21: Describes Trump: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	208	21	21	21
Somewhat well	234	23	23	44
Not too well	136	14	14	57
Not at all well	429	43	43	100

F22: Describes Trump: understands problems

[Understands the problems of ordinary people] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	200	20	20	20
Somewhat well	234	23	23	43
Not too well	139	14	14	57
Not at all well	434	43	43	100

F23: Describes Trump: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	440	44	44	44
Somewhat well	196	19	19	63
Not too well	182	18	18	81
Not at all well	187	19	19	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

F24: Describes Trump: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	303	30	30	30
Somewhat well	214	21	21	51
Not too well	147	15	15	66
Not at all well	341	34	34	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

F25: Trump after 2020 election

As you may know, Donald Trump has been indicted by the federal government concerning his actions following the 2020 vote. In connection with those actions, do you think Trump did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	529	52	52	52
Something wrong but not illegal	257	26	26	78
He didn't do anything wrong	221	22	22	100

F26: DOJ treatment of Trump

Do you think the Department of Justice’s treatment of Donald Trump is motivated by partisan politics, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Motivated by partisan politics	595	59	59	59
Is not motivated by partisan politics	409	41	41	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100
(Missing)	1	0	NA	NA

F27: Biden & Hunter Biden

Related to his son’s business dealings, do you think Joe Biden did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	466	46	46	46
Something wrong but not illegal	307	30	30	77
He didn't do anything wrong	234	23	23	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

K1: abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases	355	35	35	35
Legal in most cases	344	34	34	69
Illegal in most cases	242	24	24	93
Illegal in all cases	67	7	7	100

K2: personal importance of abortion

How important is the abortion issue to you--would you say it is one of the most important, somewhat important, not very important, or not important at all?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
One of the most important issues	416	41	41	41
Somewhat important	423	42	42	83
Not very important	134	13	13	97
Not important at all	34	3	3	100

P2: Ukraine support level

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	373	37	37	37
Not enough support	219	22	22	59
About the right amount of support	416	41	41	100

P1: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs	587	58	58	58
Stay out of world affairs	420	42	42	100

P3: transgender sports participation

[Require that transgender athletes compete on teams that match the sex they were assigned at birth, not the gender they identify with] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	555	55	55	55
Somewhat favor	177	18	18	73
Somewhat oppose	164	16	16	89
Strongly oppose	111	11	11	100

P4: Biden impeachment

[The House of Representatives considering impeachment of Joe Biden] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	301	30	30	30
Somewhat favor	176	17	17	47
Somewhat oppose	197	20	20	67
Strongly oppose	333	33	33	100

P5: school vouchers

[Provide public funding for vouchers for K-12 students to attend private or religious schools] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	274	27	27	27
Somewhat favor	299	30	30	57
Somewhat oppose	203	20	20	77
Strongly oppose	231	23	23	100

P6: 15-week abortion ban

[Pass a national law banning abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	275	27	27	27
Somewhat favor	235	23	23	51
Somewhat oppose	176	17	17	68
Strongly oppose	320	32	32	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

P7: licensed concealed handguns

Do you favor or oppose laws that allow most people to obtain a license to carry concealed handguns?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	339	34	34	34
Somewhat favor	261	26	26	60
Somewhat oppose	176	18	18	77
Strongly oppose	231	23	23	100

P8: illegal immigration

[Increase efforts to stop illegal immigration along the southern border] Which of the following proposals would you favor and which would you oppose?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	489	49	49	49
Somewhat favor	271	27	27	75
Somewhat oppose	158	16	16	91
Strongly oppose	89	9	9	100

P9: Trump classified documents

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago in 2022?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	740	74	74	74
No	265	26	26	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P10: 2020 vote count accuracy

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very confident	373	37	37	37
Somewhat confident	209	21	21	58
Not too confident	236	23	23	81
Not at all confident	189	19	19	100

P11: Fav/Unfav: Black Lives Matter movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	193	19	19	19
Somewhat favorable	272	27	27	46
Somewhat unfavorable	169	17	17	63
Very unfavorable	292	29	29	92
Haven't heard enough	82	8	8	100

P12: racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A very big problem	397	39	39	39
A moderately big problem	351	35	35	74
A small problem	223	22	22	96
Not a problem at all	36	4	4	100

P13: personal financial situation

Thinking about your family's financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Living comfortably	349	35	35	35
Just getting by	472	47	47	81
Struggling	186	19	19	100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Just about always	11	1	1	1
Most of the time	174	17	17	18
Only some of the time	648	64	64	83
Never	174	17	17	100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted	528	52	52	52
Most people can't be trusted	479	48	48	100
(Missing)	1	0	NA	NA

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	1007	100	100	100

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
More than once a week	56	6	6	6
Once a week	154	15	15	21
Once or twice a month	67	7	7	28
A few times a year	170	17	17	44
Seldom	261	26	26	70
Never	299	30	30	100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes, would	288	29	29	29
No, would not	717	71	71	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	141	14	14	14
Somewhat conservative	231	23	23	37
Moderate	351	35	35	72
Somewhat liberal	156	15	15	87
Very liberal	127	13	13	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day	64	6	6	6
A few times a week	287	28	28	35
A few times a month	276	27	27	62
Once a month	105	10	10	73
Less than once a month	175	17	17	90
Not at all	101	10	10	100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	249	25	25	25
No	758	75	75	100

Z8: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	347	34	34	34
Joe Biden	401	40	40	74
Someone else	38	4	4	78
I did not vote in the 2020 presidential election	218	22	22	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z9: own or rent

Is your home owned or rented?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Owned	693	69	69	69
Rented	314	31	31	100

Z10: adults in household

Including yourself, how many adults age 18 or older are there living in your household?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
1	172	17	17	17
2	530	53	53	70
3	183	18	18	88
4	77	8	8	95
5	24	2	2	98
6	16	2	2	99
7	2	0	0	100
8 or more	2	0	0	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	328	33	33	33
Lean Republican	90	9	9	42
Independent	136	14	14	55
Lean Democrat	101	10	10	65
Democrat	351	35	35	100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	418	42	42	42
Independent	136	14	14	55
Democrat	453	45	45	100

gender

sex
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Male	484	48	48	48
Female	510	51	51	99
Another gender	7	1	1	99
Skipped/Ref	6	1	1	100

age

age, 4 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
18-29	196	19	19	19
30-44	262	26	26	46
45-59	247	25	25	70
60+	301	30	30	100

education

education - 5 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than HS	97	10	10	10
HS graduate	297	30	30	39
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	265	26	26	66
Bachelor's degree	162	16	16	82
Post grad study/professional degree	184	18	18	100
(Missing)	2	0	NA	NA

income

income recode
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k	270	27	27	27
$30k to less than $50k	148	15	15	42
$50k to less than $75k	197	20	20	61
$75k to less than $100k	139	14	14	75
$100k or more	249	25	25	100
DK/NA/Ref	3	0	0	100

marital status

marital status
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Married	487	48	48	48
Widowed	51	5	5	53
Divorced	89	9	9	62
Separated	16	2	2	64
Single, never married	244	24	24	88
Single, cohabitating	119	12	12	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
White	616	61	61	61
Black	117	12	12	73
Hispanic	175	17	17	90
Other/Multiple	90	9	9	99
Skipped/Ref	10	1	1	100

religious affiliation

religious identification
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant	230	23	23	23
Mainline Protestant	169	17	17	40
Roman Catholic	190	19	19	59
No religion	315	31	31	90
Other religion	99	10	10	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100
(Missing)	3	0	NA	NA