Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll February 5-15, 2024

Among likely voters

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among likely voter respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most of the time	317	51	51	51
Some of the time	243	39	39	89
Only now and then	59	9	9	99
Hardly at all	8	1	1	100

A2: voter registration

Are you registered to vote at your present address, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	628	100	100	100

A2B: registration intention

Do you plan to register to vote, or is there a chance that you may not register?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
(Missing)	628	100	NA	NA

A3: voting intention

What are the chances that you will vote in the November 2024 general election for president, Congress, and other offices -- are you absolutely certain to vote, very likely to vote, are the chances 50-50, or don't you think you will vote?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Absolutely certain	628	100	100	100

A4: voting enthusiasm

How enthusiastic are you about voting in the elections in November 2024 for president and other offices? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not too, or not at all enthusiastic?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very enthusiastic	304	48	48	48
Somewhat enthusiastic	201	32	32	80
Not too enthusiastic	94	15	15	95
Not at all enthusiastic	29	5	5	100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	234	37	37	37
Democrat	201	32	32	69
Independent	151	24	24	93
Other/No preference	41	7	7	100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strong	323	51	74	74
Not very strong	113	18	26	100
(Missing)	192	31	NA	NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	74	12	39	39
Democratic	73	12	38	77
Neither	44	7	23	100
(Missing)	436	69	NA	NA

B1: GOP primary

If the Republican presidential primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Nikki Haley	46	7	15	15
Donald Trump	229	36	74	89
Undecided	34	5	11	100
(Missing)	319	51	NA	NA

B2: Dem. primary

If the Democratic presidential primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	201	32	73	73
Dean Phillips	3	0	1	74
Marianne Williamson	12	2	4	79
Undecided	59	9	21	100
(Missing)	353	56	NA	NA

B3: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	300	48	48	48
Joe Biden	273	44	44	91
Someone else	47	7	7	99
Wouldn't vote	7	1	1	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B3B: Trump vs Biden, lean

If you had to choose, would you vote for [Biden] or for [Trump]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Donald Trump	6	1	11	11
Probably Donald Trump	21	3	39	50
Probably Joe Biden	25	4	47	96
Definitely Joe Biden	2	0	4	100
(Missing)	574	91	NA	NA

B3: Trump vs Biden, with lean

[combination of i4i and preference in i4leani]
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	326	52	52	52
Joe Biden	300	48	48	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B4: Haley vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [former UN Ambassador Nikki Haley, the Republican,] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat,] would you vote for [Nikki Haley] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Nikki Haley	254	40	40	40
Joe Biden	233	37	37	78
Someone else	116	18	18	96
Wouldn't vote	24	4	4	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B4B: Haley vs Biden, lean

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [Haley]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Nikki Haley	25	4	18	18
Probably Nikki Haley	91	15	65	83
Probably Joe Biden	11	2	8	91
Definitely Joe Biden	13	2	9	100
(Missing)	488	78	NA	NA

B4: Haley vs Biden, with lean

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [Haley]? (with leaners)
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Nikki Haley	370	59	59	59
Joe Biden	257	41	41	100
WEB BLANK	1	0	0	100

B5: Ballot w/3rd parties

If the presidential ballot included additional candidates, would you vote for [Democrat Joe Biden], [Republican Donald Trump], [independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr], [independent Cornel
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Democrat, Joe Biden	252	40	40	40
Republican, Donald Trump	271	43	43	83
Independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	85	14	14	97
Independent Cornel West	9	1	1	98
The Green Party's Jill Stein	9	1	1	100
Web blank	1	0	0	100

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	57	9	9	9
Somewhat approve	216	34	34	43
Somewhat disapprove	204	33	33	76
Strongly disapprove	151	24	24	100

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	273	43	43	43
Disapprove	355	57	57	100

C2: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	49	8	8	8
Quite a lot	138	22	22	30
Some	209	33	33	63
Very little	171	27	27	90
None at all	60	10	10	100

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	11	2	2	2
Quite a lot	43	7	7	9
Some	204	33	33	41
Very little	260	41	41	83
None at all	109	17	17	100

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	62	10	10	10
Quite a lot	136	22	22	32
Some	177	28	28	60
Very little	130	21	21	81
None at all	122	19	19	100

C5: Confidence in DOJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	48	8	8	8
Quite a lot	143	23	23	30
Some	196	31	31	62
Very little	133	21	21	83
None at all	108	17	17	100

C6: Confidence in juries

[Juries that decide guilt or innocence in criminal cases] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	63	10	10	10
Quite a lot	207	33	33	43
Some	247	39	39	82
Very little	71	11	11	94
None at all	39	6	6	100

C7: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	32	5	5	5
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	94	15	15	20
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	224	36	36	56
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	276	44	44	100

C8: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	209	33	33	33
A little	351	56	56	89
Nothing at all	68	11	11	100

C9: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics	301	48	48	48
Mainly the law	326	52	52	100

C10: Justice ethics/honesty

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	55	9	9	9
High	149	24	24	32
Average	207	33	33	66
Low	138	22	22	87
Very low	79	13	13	100

C11: Favor/oppose same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	294	47	47	47
Somewhat favor	139	22	22	69
Somewhat oppose	84	13	13	83
Strongly oppose	109	17	17	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C12: Favor/oppose LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	334	53	53	53
Somewhat favor	190	30	30	83
Somewhat oppose	72	11	11	95
Strongly oppose	32	5	5	100

C13: Favor/oppose overturn Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	147	23	23	23
Somewhat favor	77	12	12	36
Somewhat oppose	77	12	12	48
Strongly oppose	326	52	52	100

C14: Favor/oppose expand 2nd Amendment to handguns

In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that, subject to some restrictions, the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	271	43	43	43
Somewhat favor	139	22	22	65
Somewhat oppose	129	21	21	86
Strongly oppose	88	14	14	100

C15: Favor/oppose race in college admissions

In 2023, the Supreme Court ruled that colleges cannot use race as a factor in deciding which applicants to admit. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	348	55	55	55
Somewhat favor	123	20	20	75
Somewhat oppose	103	16	16	92
Strongly oppose	53	8	8	100

C16: Fav/Unfav: Alito

[Samuel Alito] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	150	24	24	24
Heard but not enough	198	31	31	55
Favorable opinion	144	23	23	78
Unfavorable opinion	136	22	22	100

C17: Fav/Unfav: Coney Barrett

[Amy Coney Barrett] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	102	16	16	16
Heard but not enough	173	28	28	44
Favorable opinion	168	27	27	71
Unfavorable opinion	184	29	29	100

C18: Fav/Unfav: Gorsuch

[Neil Gorsuch] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	155	25	25	25
Heard but not enough	214	34	34	59
Favorable opinion	136	22	22	81
Unfavorable opinion	118	19	19	99
Skipped/Ref	4	1	1	100

C19: Fav/Unfav: Brown Jackson

[Ketanji Brown Jackson] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	158	25	25	25
Heard but not enough	153	24	24	50
Favorable opinion	187	30	30	79
Unfavorable opinion	130	21	21	100

C20: Fav/Unfav: Kagan

[Elena Kagan] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	206	33	33	33
Heard but not enough	214	34	34	67
Favorable opinion	130	21	21	88
Unfavorable opinion	76	12	12	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C21: Fav/Unfav: Kavanaugh

[Brett Kavanaugh] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	66	10	10	10
Heard but not enough	143	23	23	33
Favorable opinion	197	31	31	65
Unfavorable opinion	222	35	35	100

C22: Fav/Unfav: Roberts

[John Roberts] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	117	19	19	19
Heard but not enough	174	28	28	46
Favorable opinion	213	34	34	80
Unfavorable opinion	124	20	20	100

C23: Fav/Unfav: Sotomayor

[Sonia Sotomayor] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	106	17	17	17
Heard but not enough	141	22	22	39
Favorable opinion	237	38	38	77
Unfavorable opinion	143	23	23	100

C24: Fav/Unfav: Thomas

[Clarence Thomas] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	61	10	10	10
Heard but not enough	109	17	17	27
Favorable opinion	206	33	33	60
Unfavorable opinion	252	40	40	100

C25: Favor/oppose Trump ballot disqualification

[Overturn a ruling by the Colorado Supreme Court that disqualified Donald Trump from the state’s upcoming Republican presidential primary.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	28	4	4	4
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	79	13	13	17
Heard of and favor the decision	270	43	43	60
Heard of and oppose the decision	249	40	40	100
Web blank	2	0	0	100

C26: Favor/oppose domestic violence gun ban

[Uphold a federal law that the government may prohibit people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from possessing firearms.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	110	18	18	18
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	100	16	16	33
Heard of and favor the decision	382	61	61	94
Heard of and oppose the decision	36	6	6	100

D1: Biden job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	85	14	14	14
Somewhat approve	158	25	25	39
Somewhat disapprove	88	14	14	53
Strongly disapprove	296	47	47	100

D1: Biden job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	243	39	39	39
Disapprove	384	61	61	100

D2: Congress job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	13	2	2	2
Somewhat approve	92	15	15	17
Somewhat disapprove	275	44	44	61
Strongly disapprove	247	39	39	100

D2: Congress job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	105	17	17	17
Disapprove	523	83	83	100

D3: Fav/unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	102	16	16	16
Somewhat favorable	153	24	24	41
Somewhat unfavorable	73	12	12	52
Very unfavorable	299	48	48	100
Haven't heard enough	0	0	0	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D4: Fav/unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	70	11	11	11
Somewhat favorable	161	26	26	37
Somewhat unfavorable	80	13	13	50
Very unfavorable	288	46	46	96
Haven't heard enough	27	4	4	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D5: Fav/unfav: Kennedy, Jr.

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	36	6	6	6
Somewhat favorable	227	36	36	42
Somewhat unfavorable	81	13	13	55
Very unfavorable	136	22	22	76
Haven't heard enough	147	23	23	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D6: Fav/unfav: West

[Cornell West] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	17	3	3	3
Somewhat favorable	56	9	9	12
Somewhat unfavorable	46	7	7	19
Very unfavorable	87	14	14	33
Haven't heard enough	421	67	67	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

D7: Fav/unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	85	14	14	14
Somewhat favorable	155	25	25	38
Somewhat unfavorable	76	12	12	50
Very unfavorable	259	41	41	92
Haven't heard enough	51	8	8	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D8: Fav/unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	31	5	5	5
Somewhat favorable	191	30	30	35
Somewhat unfavorable	164	26	26	62
Very unfavorable	157	25	25	87
Haven't heard enough	83	13	13	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D9: Fav/unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	172	27	27	27
Somewhat favorable	118	19	19	46
Somewhat unfavorable	32	5	5	51
Very unfavorable	302	48	48	99
Haven't heard enough	2	0	0	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

E1: State of the economy

How would you describe the state of the nation's economy these days?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	44	7	7	7
Good	190	30	30	37
Not so good	227	36	36	73
Poor	167	27	27	100

E2: Heard about US attacks on militia sites

[U.S. military attacks on dozens of Iranian-backed militia sites in Syria and Iraq in retaliation for a drone strike that killed three U.S. soldiers in Jordan.] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	368	59	59	59
A little	206	33	33	91
Nothing at all	53	9	9	100

E3: Heard about Trump defamation ruling

[A Manhattan jury ordered Donald Trump to pay $83.3 million for defaming the writer E. Jean Carroll] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	406	65	65	65
A little	152	24	24	89
Nothing at all	70	11	11	100

E4: Heard about caucus/primary

[The results of the Iowa caucus and the New Hampshire primary] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	314	50	50	50
A little	185	30	30	80
Nothing at all	128	20	20	100

E5: Heard about inflation

[News reports that consumer prices (inflation) rose by 3.4% over the past 12 months (as of December)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	273	44	44	44
A little	266	42	42	86
Nothing at all	89	14	14	100

E6: Heard about unemployment

[News reports that the unemployment rate was 3.7% (as of January)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	216	34	34	34
A little	292	47	47	81
Nothing at all	119	19	19	100

E7: US involvement in Israel/Hamas war

When it comes to Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, should the U.S. support Israel, support Hamas or not take a position?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Support Israel	312	50	50	50
Support Hamas	21	3	3	53
Not take a position	294	47	47	100

F1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	149	24	24	24
Somewhat conservative	228	36	36	60
Moderate	170	27	27	87
Somewhat liberal	48	8	8	95
Very liberal	33	5	5	100

F2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	14	2	2	2
Somewhat conservative	40	6	6	9
Moderate	118	19	19	27
Somewhat liberal	158	25	25	53
Very liberal	298	47	47	100

F3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	350	56	56	56
Somewhat conservative	187	30	30	86
Moderate	53	8	8	94
Somewhat liberal	7	1	1	95
Very liberal	30	5	5	100

F4: Haley ideology

[Nikki Haley] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	160	26	26	26
Somewhat conservative	198	31	31	57
Moderate	166	27	27	84
Somewhat liberal	63	10	10	94
Very liberal	41	6	6	100

F5: Republican ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	322	51	51	51
Somewhat conservative	205	33	33	84
Moderate	66	11	11	94
Somewhat liberal	23	4	4	98
Very liberal	12	2	2	100

F6: Democratic ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	15	2	2	2
Somewhat conservative	36	6	6	8
Moderate	98	16	16	24
Somewhat liberal	163	26	26	50
Very liberal	315	50	50	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

F7: Better at handling the economy

[The economy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	219	35	35	35
Trump	333	53	53	88
Both about the same	34	5	5	93
Neither good	42	7	7	100

F8: Better at handling immigration/border

[Immigration and border security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	164	26	26	26
Trump	342	54	54	80
Both about the same	33	5	5	86
Neither good	90	14	14	100

F9: Better at handling Israel/Hamas war

[Handling the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	189	30	30	30
Trump	294	47	47	77
Both about the same	48	8	8	85
Neither good	97	15	15	100

F10: Better at handling healthcare

[Healthcare] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	272	43	43	43
Trump	237	38	38	81
Both about the same	61	10	10	91
Neither good	59	9	9	100

F11: Better at handling foreign relations

[Foreign relations] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	242	39	39	39
Trump	290	46	46	85
Both about the same	35	6	6	90
Neither good	61	10	10	100

F12: Better at handling abortion policy

[Abortion policy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	268	43	43	43
Trump	232	37	37	80
Both about the same	66	11	11	90
Neither good	62	10	10	100

F13: Better at handling medicare/social security

[Medicare & Social Security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	255	41	41	41
Trump	244	39	39	80
Both about the same	67	11	11	90
Neither good	62	10	10	100

F14: Describes Biden: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	361	57	57	57
Somewhat well	134	21	21	79
Not too well	66	10	10	89
Not at all well	68	11	11	100

F15: Describes Biden: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	89	14	14	14
Somewhat well	182	29	29	43
Not too well	97	15	15	59
Not at all well	260	41	41	100

F16: Describes Biden: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	206	33	33	33
Somewhat well	92	15	15	47
Not too well	92	15	15	62
Not at all well	238	38	38	100

F17: Describes Biden: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	113	18	18	18
Somewhat well	144	23	23	41
Not too well	114	18	18	59
Not at all well	257	41	41	100

F18: Describes Trump: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	168	27	27	27
Somewhat well	158	25	25	52
Not too well	132	21	21	73
Not at all well	168	27	27	100

F19: Describes Trump: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	150	24	24	24
Somewhat well	144	23	23	47
Not too well	42	7	7	53
Not at all well	292	47	47	100

F20: Describes Trump: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	302	48	48	48
Somewhat well	87	14	14	62
Not too well	112	18	18	80
Not at all well	126	20	20	100

F21: Describes Trump: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	240	38	38	38
Somewhat well	82	13	13	51
Not too well	85	14	14	65
Not at all well	220	35	35	100

F22: Trump after 2020

As you may know, Donald Trump has been indicted by the federal government concerning his actions following the 2020 vote. In connection with those actions, do you think Trump did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	321	51	51	51
Something wrong but not illegal	136	22	22	73
He didn't do anything wrong	170	27	27	100

F23: Biden & Hunter Biden

Related to his son’s business dealings, do you think Joe Biden did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	283	45	45	45
Something wrong but not illegal	146	23	23	68
He didn't do anything wrong	199	32	32	100

K1: abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases	193	31	31	31
Legal in most cases	233	37	37	68
Illegal in most cases	158	25	25	93
Illegal in all cases	43	7	7	100

K2: Biden border policies

Do you agree or disagree that the Biden administration’s border policies have created a crisis of uncontrolled illegal migration into the country?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree	317	50	50	50
Somewhat agree	113	18	18	69
Somewhat disagree	103	16	16	85
Strongly disagree	94	15	15	100

K3: Undocumented immigrant policy

Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	269	43	43	43
Somewhat favor	172	27	27	70
Somewhat oppose	135	21	21	92
Strongly oppose	52	8	8	100

P1: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs	388	62	62	62
Stay out of world affairs	240	38	38	100

P2: Ukraine support level

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	236	38	38	38
Not enough support	167	27	27	64
About the right amount of support	224	36	36	100

P3: Israel support level

When it comes to Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Israel, not enough support to Israel, or about the right amount of support to Israel?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	254	41	41	41
Not enough support	129	21	21	61
About the right amount of support	243	39	39	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P4: Trump classified material

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago in 2022?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	496	79	79	79
No	131	21	21	100

P5: Biden classified material

Do you believe Joe Biden had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Delaware in 2022?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	479	76	76	76
No	149	24	24	100

P6: 2020 vote count accuracy

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very confident	275	44	44	44
Somewhat confident	84	13	13	57
Not too confident	122	19	19	77
Not at all confident	147	23	23	100

P7: Fav/Unfav: Black Lives Matter movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	115	18	18	18
Somewhat favorable	179	28	28	47
Somewhat unfavorable	84	13	13	60
Very unfavorable	220	35	35	95
Haven't heard enough	30	5	5	100

P8: racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A very big problem	217	35	35	35
A moderately big problem	223	36	36	70
A small problem	160	26	26	96
Not a problem at all	28	4	4	100

P9: reverse racism

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “Discrimination against White people has become as big a problem as discrimination against Black people and other minorities.”
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree	155	25	25	25
Somewhat agree	177	28	28	53
Somewhat disagree	102	16	16	69
Strongly disagree	193	31	31	100
Web blank	1	0	0	100

P10: personal financial situation

Thinking about your family's financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Living comfortably	283	45	45	45
Just getting by	243	39	39	84
Struggling	102	16	16	100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Just about always	3	0	0	0
Most of the time	99	16	16	16
Only some of the time	417	66	66	83
Never	109	17	17	100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted	376	60	60	60
Most people can't be trusted	251	40	40	100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	628	100	100	100

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
More than once a week	44	7	7	7
Once a week	95	15	15	22
Once or twice a month	47	7	7	30
A few times a year	91	14	14	44
Seldom	155	25	25	69
Never	196	31	31	100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes, would	160	25	25	25
No, would not	466	74	74	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	104	17	17	17
Somewhat conservative	166	26	26	43
Moderate	188	30	30	73
Somewhat liberal	111	18	18	91
Very liberal	57	9	9	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day	49	8	8	8
A few times a week	200	32	32	40
A few times a month	196	31	31	71
Once a month	61	10	10	81
Less than once a month	89	14	14	95
Not at all	33	5	5	100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	175	28	28	28
No	452	72	72	100

Z8: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	302	48	48	48
Joe Biden	302	48	48	96
Someone else	8	1	1	98
I did not vote in the 2020 presidential election	14	2	2	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

Z9: own or rent

Is your home owned or rented?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Owned	502	80	80	80
Rented	126	20	20	100

Z10: adults in household

Including yourself, how many adults age 18 or older are there living in your household?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
1	99	16	16	16
2	361	57	57	73
3	105	17	17	90
4	47	8	8	98
5	7	1	1	99
6	3	1	1	99
7	4	1	1	100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	234	37	37	37
Lean Republican	74	12	12	49
Independent	44	7	7	56
Lean Democrat	73	12	12	68
Democrat	201	32	32	100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	309	49	49	49
Independent	44	7	7	56
Democrat	275	44	44	100

gender

sex
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Male	319	51	51	51
Female	297	47	47	98
Another gender	8	1	1	99
Skipped/Ref	3	1	1	100

age

age, 4 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
18-29	71	11	11	11
30-44	126	20	20	31
45-59	170	27	27	59
60+	260	41	41	100

education

education - 5 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than HS	34	5	5	5
HS graduate	169	27	27	32
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	162	26	26	58
Bachelor's degree	125	20	20	78
Post grad study/professional degree	135	22	22	100
(Missing)	3	0	NA	NA

income

income recode
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k	113	18	18	18
$30k to less than $50k	91	14	14	32
$50k to less than $75k	105	17	17	49
$75k to less than $100k	107	17	17	66
$100k or more	211	34	34	100
DK/NA/Ref	1	0	0	100

marital status

marital status
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Married	390	62	62	62
Widowed	20	3	3	65
Divorced	54	9	9	74
Separated	10	2	2	76
Single, never married	100	16	16	91
Single, cohabitating	50	8	8	99
Skipped/Ref	3	1	1	100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
White	443	71	71	71
Black	53	8	8	79
Hispanic	65	10	10	89
Other/Multiple	61	10	10	99
Skipped/Ref	7	1	1	100

religious affiliation

religious identification
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant	133	21	21	21
Mainline Protestant	111	18	18	39
Roman Catholic	153	24	24	63
No religion	154	25	25	88
Other religion	74	12	12	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100