Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll February 5-15, 2024

Among registered voters

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among registered voter respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most of the time	336	43	43	43
Some of the time	332	42	42	85
Only now and then	93	12	12	97
Hardly at all	25	3	3	100

A2: voter registration

Are you registered to vote at your present address, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	787	100	100	100

A2B: registration intention

Do you plan to register to vote, or is there a chance that you may not register?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
(Missing)	787	100	NA	NA

A3: voting intention

What are the chances that you will vote in the November 2024 general election for president, Congress, and other offices -- are you absolutely certain to vote, very likely to vote, are the chances 50-50, or don't you think you will vote?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Absolutely certain	628	80	80	80
Very Likely	116	15	15	94
Chances 50-50	35	4	4	99
Don't think will vote	8	1	1	100

A4: voting enthusiasm

How enthusiastic are you about voting in the elections in November 2024 for president and other offices? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not too, or not at all enthusiastic?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very enthusiastic	322	41	41	41
Somewhat enthusiastic	261	33	33	74
Not too enthusiastic	149	19	19	93
Not at all enthusiastic	55	7	7	100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	266	34	34	34
Democrat	265	34	34	67
Independent	198	25	25	93
Other/No preference	59	7	7	100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strong	364	46	69	69
Not very strong	166	21	31	100
(Missing)	256	33	NA	NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	92	12	36	36
Democratic	91	12	36	71
Neither	73	9	29	100
(Missing)	531	67	NA	NA

B1: GOP primary

If the Republican presidential primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Nikki Haley	53	7	15	15
Donald Trump	263	33	73	88
Undecided	43	5	12	100
(Missing)	429	54	NA	NA

B2: Dem. primary

If the Democratic presidential primary were today, whom would you vote for?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	234	30	66	66
Dean Phillips	6	1	2	67
Marianne Williamson	21	3	6	73
Undecided	95	12	27	100
(Missing)	431	55	NA	NA

B3: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	358	45	45	45
Joe Biden	328	42	42	87
Someone else	70	9	9	96
Wouldn't vote	30	4	4	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B3B: Trump vs Biden, lean

If you had to choose, would you vote for [Biden] or for [Trump]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Donald Trump	7	1	7	7
Probably Donald Trump	37	5	37	45
Probably Joe Biden	49	6	49	94
Definitely Joe Biden	5	1	5	99
Skipped/Ref	1	0	1	100
(Missing)	687	87	NA	NA

B3: Trump vs Biden, with lean

[combination of i4i and preference in i4leani]
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	402	51	51	51
Joe Biden	382	49	49	100
Someone else	1	0	0	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B4: Haley vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [former UN Ambassador Nikki Haley, the Republican,] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat,] would you vote for [Nikki Haley] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Nikki Haley	307	39	39	39
Joe Biden	284	36	36	75
Someone else	145	18	18	94
Wouldn't vote	49	6	6	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

B4B: Haley vs Biden, lean

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [Haley]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Nikki Haley	26	3	13	13
Probably Nikki Haley	124	16	64	77
Probably Joe Biden	30	4	16	93
Definitely Joe Biden	13	2	7	99
Skipped/Ref	1	0	1	100
(Missing)	592	75	NA	NA

B4: Haley vs Biden, with lean

If you had to choose would you vote for [Biden] or for [Haley]? (with leaners)
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Nikki Haley	457	58	58	58
Joe Biden	328	42	42	100
Wouldn't vote	1	0	0	100
WEB BLANK	1	0	0	100

B5: Ballot w/3rd parties

If the presidential ballot included additional candidates, would you vote for [Democrat Joe Biden], [Republican Donald Trump], [independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr], [independent Cornel
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Democrat, Joe Biden	304	39	39	39
Republican, Donald Trump	327	42	42	80
Independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	115	15	15	95
Independent Cornel West	23	3	3	98
The Green Party's Jill Stein	15	2	2	100
Web blank	2	0	0	100

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	65	8	8	8
Somewhat approve	282	36	36	44
Somewhat disapprove	261	33	33	77
Strongly disapprove	178	23	23	100

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	347	44	44	44
Disapprove	440	56	56	100

C2: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	55	7	7	7
Quite a lot	168	21	21	28
Some	283	36	36	64
Very little	200	25	25	90
None at all	81	10	10	100

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	19	2	2	2
Quite a lot	57	7	7	10
Some	277	35	35	45
Very little	303	38	38	83
None at all	132	17	17	100

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	68	9	9	9
Quite a lot	154	20	20	28
Some	241	31	31	59
Very little	177	23	23	81
None at all	147	19	19	100

C5: Confidence in DOJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	55	7	7	7
Quite a lot	169	21	21	28
Some	274	35	35	63
Very little	158	20	20	83
None at all	131	17	17	100

C6: Confidence in juries

[Juries that decide guilt or innocence in criminal cases] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	69	9	9	9
Quite a lot	225	29	29	37
Some	327	42	42	79
Very little	108	14	14	93
None at all	58	7	7	100

C7: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	45	6	6	6
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	149	19	19	25
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	297	38	38	62
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	294	37	37	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C8: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	223	28	28	28
A little	448	57	57	85
Nothing at all	116	15	15	100

C9: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics	408	52	52	52
Mainly the law	379	48	48	100

C10: Justice ethics/honesty

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very high	64	8	8	8
High	173	22	22	30
Average	287	36	36	67
Low	161	20	20	87
Very low	102	13	13	100

C11: Favor/oppose same-sex marriage

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	349	44	44	44
Somewhat favor	185	24	24	68
Somewhat oppose	127	16	16	84
Strongly oppose	125	16	16	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C12: Favor/oppose LGBT workplace protections

In 2020 the Supreme Court ruled that a federal civil rights law protects gay and transgender workers from workplace discrimination. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	401	51	51	51
Somewhat favor	247	31	31	82
Somewhat oppose	95	12	12	94
Strongly oppose	44	6	6	100

C13: Favor/oppose overturn Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	161	20	20	20
Somewhat favor	124	16	16	36
Somewhat oppose	113	14	14	50
Strongly oppose	390	50	50	100

C14: Favor/oppose expand 2nd Amendment to handguns

In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that, subject to some restrictions, the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	315	40	40	40
Somewhat favor	205	26	26	66
Somewhat oppose	175	22	22	88
Strongly oppose	92	12	12	100

C15: Favor/oppose race in college admissions

In 2023, the Supreme Court ruled that colleges cannot use race as a factor in deciding which applicants to admit. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	421	53	53	53
Somewhat favor	173	22	22	75
Somewhat oppose	122	16	16	91
Strongly oppose	71	9	9	100

C16: Fav/Unfav: Alito

[Samuel Alito] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	249	32	32	32
Heard but not enough	231	29	29	61
Favorable opinion	156	20	20	81
Unfavorable opinion	151	19	19	100

C17: Fav/Unfav: Coney Barrett

[Amy Coney Barrett] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	173	22	22	22
Heard but not enough	223	28	28	50
Favorable opinion	188	24	24	74
Unfavorable opinion	203	26	26	100

C18: Fav/Unfav: Gorsuch

[Neil Gorsuch] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	254	32	32	32
Heard but not enough	251	32	32	64
Favorable opinion	148	19	19	83
Unfavorable opinion	130	17	17	99
Skipped/Ref	4	1	1	100

C19: Fav/Unfav: Brown Jackson

[Ketanji Brown Jackson] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	224	28	28	28
Heard but not enough	200	25	25	54
Favorable opinion	218	28	28	82
Unfavorable opinion	146	18	18	100

C20: Fav/Unfav: Kagan

[Elena Kagan] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	307	39	39	39
Heard but not enough	255	32	32	71
Favorable opinion	139	18	18	89
Unfavorable opinion	84	11	11	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

C21: Fav/Unfav: Kavanaugh

[Brett Kavanaugh] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	114	15	15	15
Heard but not enough	200	25	25	40
Favorable opinion	217	28	28	67
Unfavorable opinion	256	33	33	100

C22: Fav/Unfav: Roberts

[John Roberts] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	195	25	25	25
Heard but not enough	223	28	28	53
Favorable opinion	239	30	30	83
Unfavorable opinion	130	17	17	100

C23: Fav/Unfav: Sotomayor

[Sonia Sotomayor] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	163	21	21	21
Heard but not enough	193	24	24	45
Favorable opinion	277	35	35	80
Unfavorable opinion	154	20	20	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100

C24: Fav/Unfav: Thomas

[Clarence Thomas] For each of these names have you never heard of them, heard of them but don’t know enough to have an opinion of them, have a favorable opinion or have an unfavorable opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Never heard of	113	14	14	14
Heard but not enough	148	19	19	33
Favorable opinion	234	30	30	63
Unfavorable opinion	292	37	37	100

C25: Favor/oppose Trump ballot disqualification

[Overturn a ruling by the Colorado Supreme Court that disqualified Donald Trump from the state’s upcoming Republican presidential primary.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	56	7	7	7
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	127	16	16	23
Heard of and favor the decision	319	41	41	64
Heard of and oppose the decision	283	36	36	100
Web blank	2	0	0	100

C26: Favor/oppose domestic violence gun ban

[Uphold a federal law that the government may prohibit people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from possessing firearms.] Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Heard nothing at all	152	19	19	19
Heard of but not enough for an opinion	150	19	19	38
Heard of and favor the decision	437	55	55	94
Heard of and oppose the decision	48	6	6	100

D1: Biden job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	94	12	12	12
Somewhat approve	207	26	26	38
Somewhat disapprove	145	18	18	57
Strongly disapprove	341	43	43	100

D1: Biden job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	301	38	38	38
Disapprove	486	62	62	100

D2: Congress job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	17	2	2	2
Somewhat approve	148	19	19	21
Somewhat disapprove	349	44	44	65
Strongly disapprove	273	35	35	100

D2: Congress job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	165	21	21	21
Disapprove	622	79	79	100

D3: Fav/unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	117	15	15	15
Somewhat favorable	195	25	25	40
Somewhat unfavorable	117	15	15	55
Very unfavorable	352	45	45	99
Haven't heard enough	5	1	1	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D4: Fav/unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	90	11	11	11
Somewhat favorable	200	25	25	37
Somewhat unfavorable	108	14	14	51
Very unfavorable	333	42	42	93
Haven't heard enough	55	7	7	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D5: Fav/unfav: Kennedy, Jr.

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	44	6	6	6
Somewhat favorable	273	35	35	40
Somewhat unfavorable	103	13	13	53
Very unfavorable	146	19	19	72
Haven't heard enough	220	28	28	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D6: Fav/unfav: West

[Cornell West] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	26	3	3	3
Somewhat favorable	72	9	9	12
Somewhat unfavorable	65	8	8	21
Very unfavorable	97	12	12	33
Haven't heard enough	525	67	67	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

D7: Fav/unfav: DeSantis

[Ron DeSantis] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	89	11	11	11
Somewhat favorable	182	23	23	34
Somewhat unfavorable	98	12	12	47
Very unfavorable	308	39	39	86
Haven't heard enough	109	14	14	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D8: Fav/unfav: Haley

[Nikki Haley] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	38	5	5	5
Somewhat favorable	227	29	29	34
Somewhat unfavorable	193	25	25	58
Very unfavorable	179	23	23	81
Haven't heard enough	149	19	19	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

D9: Fav/unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	192	24	24	24
Somewhat favorable	162	21	21	45
Somewhat unfavorable	48	6	6	51
Very unfavorable	378	48	48	99
Haven't heard enough	6	1	1	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

E1: State of the economy

How would you describe the state of the nation's economy these days?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	45	6	6	6
Good	229	29	29	35
Not so good	312	40	40	75
Poor	200	25	25	100

E2: Heard about US attacks on militia sites

[U.S. military attacks on dozens of Iranian-backed militia sites in Syria and Iraq in retaliation for a drone strike that killed three U.S. soldiers in Jordan.] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	408	52	52	52
A little	274	35	35	87
Nothing at all	105	13	13	100

E3: Heard about Trump defamation ruling

[A Manhattan jury ordered Donald Trump to pay $83.3 million for defaming the writer E. Jean Carroll] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	443	56	56	56
A little	229	29	29	85
Nothing at all	115	15	15	100

E4: Heard about caucus/primary

[The results of the Iowa caucus and the New Hampshire primary] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	330	42	42	42
A little	244	31	31	73
Nothing at all	213	27	27	100

E5: Heard about inflation

[News reports that consumer prices (inflation) rose by 3.4% over the past 12 months (as of December)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	316	40	40	40
A little	346	44	44	84
Nothing at all	125	16	16	100

E6: Heard about unemployment

[News reports that the unemployment rate was 3.7% (as of January)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	234	30	30	30
A little	374	48	48	77
Nothing at all	178	23	23	100

E7: US involvement in Israel/Hamas war

When it comes to Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, should the U.S. support Israel, support Hamas or not take a position?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Support Israel	358	45	45	45
Support Hamas	52	7	7	52
Not take a position	378	48	48	100

F1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	171	22	22	22
Somewhat conservative	274	35	35	57
Moderate	237	30	30	87
Somewhat liberal	61	8	8	95
Very liberal	42	5	5	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

F2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	27	3	3	3
Somewhat conservative	57	7	7	11
Moderate	155	20	20	30
Somewhat liberal	200	25	25	56
Very liberal	347	44	44	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

F3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	412	52	52	52
Somewhat conservative	229	29	29	81
Moderate	82	10	10	92
Somewhat liberal	21	3	3	95
Very liberal	42	5	5	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

F4: Haley ideology

[Nikki Haley] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	176	22	22	22
Somewhat conservative	241	31	31	53
Moderate	226	29	29	82
Somewhat liberal	84	11	11	93
Very liberal	56	7	7	100
Web blank	3	0	0	100

F5: Republican ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	377	48	48	48
Somewhat conservative	249	32	32	79
Moderate	101	13	13	92
Somewhat liberal	37	5	5	97
Very liberal	22	3	3	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

F6: Democratic ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	26	3	3	3
Somewhat conservative	53	7	7	10
Moderate	135	17	17	27
Somewhat liberal	208	26	26	54
Very liberal	363	46	46	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

F7: Better at handling the economy

[The economy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	249	32	32	32
Trump	405	52	52	83
Both about the same	57	7	7	90
Neither good	76	10	10	100

F8: Better at handling immigration/border

[Immigration and border security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	196	25	25	25
Trump	420	53	53	78
Both about the same	49	6	6	85
Neither good	122	15	15	100

F9: Better at handling Israel/Hamas war

[Handling the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	223	28	28	28
Trump	335	43	43	71
Both about the same	88	11	11	82
Neither good	140	18	18	100

F10: Better at handling healthcare

[Healthcare] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	328	42	42	42
Trump	266	34	34	76
Both about the same	103	13	13	89
Neither good	90	11	11	100

F11: Better at handling foreign relations

[Foreign relations] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	295	37	37	37
Trump	343	44	44	81
Both about the same	56	7	7	88
Neither good	92	12	12	100

F12: Better at handling abortion policy

[Abortion policy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	331	42	42	42
Trump	269	34	34	76
Both about the same	89	11	11	88
Neither good	97	12	12	100

F13: Better at handling medicare/social security

[Medicare & Social Security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	313	40	40	40
Trump	287	36	36	76
Both about the same	99	13	13	89
Neither good	88	11	11	100

F14: Describes Biden: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	435	55	55	55
Somewhat well	178	23	23	78
Not too well	89	11	11	89
Not at all well	85	11	11	100

F15: Describes Biden: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	101	13	13	13
Somewhat well	233	30	30	42
Not too well	145	18	18	61
Not at all well	308	39	39	100

F16: Describes Biden: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	234	30	30	30
Somewhat well	139	18	18	47
Not too well	143	18	18	66
Not at all well	271	34	34	100

F17: Describes Biden: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	135	17	17	17
Somewhat well	186	24	24	41
Not too well	165	21	21	62
Not at all well	301	38	38	100

F18: Describes Trump: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	196	25	25	25
Somewhat well	221	28	28	53
Not too well	180	23	23	76
Not at all well	190	24	24	100

F19: Describes Trump: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	166	21	21	21
Somewhat well	191	24	24	45
Not too well	74	9	9	55
Not at all well	357	45	45	100

F20: Describes Trump: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	367	47	47	47
Somewhat well	116	15	15	61
Not too well	149	19	19	80
Not at all well	153	19	19	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

F21: Describes Trump: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	272	35	35	35
Somewhat well	128	16	16	51
Not too well	121	15	15	66
Not at all well	265	34	34	100

F22: Trump after 2020

As you may know, Donald Trump has been indicted by the federal government concerning his actions following the 2020 vote. In connection with those actions, do you think Trump did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	401	51	51	51
Something wrong but not illegal	177	22	22	73
He didn't do anything wrong	209	27	27	100

F23: Biden & Hunter Biden

Related to his son’s business dealings, do you think Joe Biden did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	329	42	42	42
Something wrong but not illegal	217	28	28	69
He didn't do anything wrong	240	31	31	100

K1: abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases	236	30	30	30
Legal in most cases	312	40	40	70
Illegal in most cases	190	24	24	94
Illegal in all cases	49	6	6	100

K2: Biden border policies

Do you agree or disagree that the Biden administration’s border policies have created a crisis of uncontrolled illegal migration into the country?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree	364	46	46	46
Somewhat agree	160	20	20	67
Somewhat disagree	146	19	19	85
Strongly disagree	117	15	15	100

K3: Undocumented immigrant policy

Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	309	39	39	39
Somewhat favor	227	29	29	68
Somewhat oppose	168	21	21	89
Strongly oppose	83	11	11	100

P1: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs	454	58	58	58
Stay out of world affairs	332	42	42	100

P2: Ukraine support level

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	290	37	37	37
Not enough support	210	27	27	63
About the right amount of support	287	37	37	100

P3: Israel support level

When it comes to Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Israel, not enough support to Israel, or about the right amount of support to Israel?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	322	41	41	41
Not enough support	164	21	21	62
About the right amount of support	299	38	38	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

P4: Trump classified material

Do you believe Donald Trump had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Mar-a-Lago in 2022?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	614	78	78	78
No	173	22	22	100

P5: Biden classified material

Do you believe Joe Biden had top secret and other classified material or national security documents at his home in Delaware in 2022?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	580	74	74	74
No	207	26	26	100

P6: 2020 vote count accuracy

How confident are you that, across the country, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in [the 2020] election? Very confident, somewhat confident, not too confident, or not at all confident.
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very confident	320	41	41	41
Somewhat confident	134	17	17	58
Not too confident	170	22	22	79
Not at all confident	163	21	21	100

P7: Fav/Unfav: Black Lives Matter movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	147	19	19	19
Somewhat favorable	228	29	29	48
Somewhat unfavorable	124	16	16	64
Very unfavorable	245	31	31	95
Haven't heard enough	42	5	5	100

P8: racism in America today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A very big problem	269	34	34	34
A moderately big problem	274	35	35	69
A small problem	207	26	26	95
Not a problem at all	37	5	5	100

P9: reverse racism

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “Discrimination against White people has become as big a problem as discrimination against Black people and other minorities.”
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree	182	23	23	23
Somewhat agree	227	29	29	52
Somewhat disagree	130	17	17	69
Strongly disagree	246	31	31	100
Web blank	1	0	0	100

P10: personal financial situation

Thinking about your family's financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Living comfortably	329	42	42	42
Just getting by	322	41	41	83
Struggling	136	17	17	100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Just about always	13	2	2	2
Most of the time	117	15	15	17
Only some of the time	518	66	66	82
Never	138	18	18	100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted	441	56	56	56
Most people can't be trusted	345	44	44	100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	787	100	100	100

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
More than once a week	55	7	7	7
Once a week	113	14	14	21
Once or twice a month	65	8	8	30
A few times a year	109	14	14	43
Seldom	199	25	25	69
Never	246	31	31	100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes, would	224	28	28	28
No, would not	562	71	71	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	115	15	15	15
Somewhat conservative	195	25	25	39
Moderate	255	32	32	72
Somewhat liberal	144	18	18	90
Very liberal	76	10	10	100
Skipped/Ref	2	0	0	100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day	54	7	7	7
A few times a week	235	30	30	37
A few times a month	245	31	31	68
Once a month	81	10	10	78
Less than once a month	115	15	15	93
Not at all	57	7	7	100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	197	25	25	25
No	589	75	75	100

Z8: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	344	44	44	44
Joe Biden	379	48	48	92
Someone else	14	2	2	94
I did not vote in the 2020 presidential election	49	6	6	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

Z9: own or rent

Is your home owned or rented?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Owned	604	77	77	77
Rented	183	23	23	100

Z10: adults in household

Including yourself, how many adults age 18 or older are there living in your household?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
1	134	17	17	17
2	416	53	53	70
3	138	18	18	87
4	69	9	9	96
5	19	2	2	99
6	7	1	1	99
7	5	1	1	100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	266	34	34	34
Lean Republican	92	12	12	46
Independent	73	9	9	55
Lean Democrat	91	12	12	66
Democrat	265	34	34	100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	358	46	46	46
Independent	73	9	9	55
Democrat	356	45	45	100

gender

sex
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Male	387	49	49	49
Female	383	49	49	98
Another gender	10	1	1	99
Skipped/Ref	6	1	1	100

age

age, 4 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
18-29	142	18	18	18
30-44	177	22	22	41
45-59	187	24	24	64
60+	281	36	36	100

education

education - 5 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than HS	54	7	7	7
HS graduate	213	27	27	34
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	207	26	26	61
Bachelor's degree	157	20	20	81
Post grad study/professional degree	152	19	19	100
(Missing)	4	0	NA	NA

income

income recode
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k	176	22	22	22
$30k to less than $50k	117	15	15	37
$50k to less than $75k	123	16	16	53
$75k to less than $100k	127	16	16	69
$100k or more	242	31	31	100
DK/NA/Ref	2	0	0	100

marital status

marital status
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Married	447	57	57	57
Widowed	23	3	3	60
Divorced	61	8	8	67
Separated	11	1	1	69
Single, never married	169	21	21	90
Single, cohabitating	73	9	9	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
White	504	64	64	64
Black	96	12	12	76
Hispanic	101	13	13	89
Other/Multiple	77	10	10	99
Skipped/Ref	9	1	1	100

religious affiliation

religious identification
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant	187	24	24	24
Mainline Protestant	135	17	17	41
Roman Catholic	166	21	21	62
No religion	201	25	25	88
Other religion	95	12	12	100
Skipped/Ref	3	0	0	100
(Missing)	0	0	NA	NA