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Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll May 6-15, 2024

Registered voters

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among registered voters are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most of the time	350	43	43	43
Some of the time	309	38	38	81
Only now and then	116	14	14	96
Hardly at all	36	4	4	100

A2: voter registration

Are you registered to vote at your present address, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	811	100	100	100

A2B: registration intention

Do you plan to register to vote, or is there a chance that you may not register?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
(Missing)	811	100	NA	NA

A3: voting intention

What are the chances that you will vote in the November 2024 general election for president, Congress, and other offices -- are you absolutely certain to vote, very likely to vote, are the chances 50-50, or don't you think you will vote?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Absolutely certain	624	77	77	77
Very Likely	113	14	14	91
Chances 50-50	64	8	8	99
Don't think will vote	9	1	1	100

A4: voting enthusiasm

How enthusiastic are you about voting in the elections in November 2024 for president and other offices? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not too, or not at all enthusiastic?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very enthusiastic	349	43	43	43
Somewhat enthusiastic	212	26	26	69
Not too enthusiastic	170	21	21	90
Not at all enthusiastic	79	10	10	100

B1: Trump vs Biden

If the 2024 election for president were held today between [Former President Donald Trump, the Republican] and [President Joe Biden, the Democrat] would you vote for [Donald Trump] or for [Joe Biden]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	328	40	40	40
Donald Trump	356	44	44	84
Someone else	110	14	14	98
Wouldn't vote	17	2	2	100

B1B: Trump vs Biden, lean

If you had to choose, would you vote for [Biden] or for [Trump]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely Joe Biden	23	3	18	18
Probably Joe Biden	50	6	40	58
Probably Donald Trump	43	5	34	92
Definitely Donald Trump	10	1	8	100
(Missing)	684	84	NA	NA

B1: Trump vs Biden, with lean

[combination of i4i and preference in i4leani]
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	402	50	50	50
Donald Trump	409	50	50	100

B2: Ballot w/3rd parties

If the presidential ballot included additional candidates, would you vote for [Democrat Joe Biden], [Republican Donald Trump], [independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr], [independent Cornel
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Democrat, Joe Biden	302	37	37	37
Republican, Donald Trump	321	40	40	77
Independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr.	137	17	17	94
The Green Party's Jill Stein	24	3	3	97
Independent Cornel West	27	3	3	100

B3: Congressional generic ballot

If the elections were held today for US Congress in your state, would you be more likely to vote for the [Republican candidate] or the [Democratic candidate]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
The Republican candidate	402	50	50	50
The Democratic candidate	409	50	50	100

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	57	7	7	7
Somewhat approve	259	32	32	39
Somewhat disapprove	277	34	34	73
Strongly disapprove	218	27	27	100

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	316	39	39	39
Disapprove	495	61	61	100

C2: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	54	7	7	7
Quite a lot	144	18	18	24
Some	289	36	36	60
Very little	198	24	24	84
None at all	126	16	16	100

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	19	2	2	2
Quite a lot	63	8	8	10
Some	286	35	35	45
Very little	330	41	41	86
None at all	113	14	14	100

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	79	10	10	10
Quite a lot	121	15	15	25
Some	241	30	30	54
Very little	210	26	26	80
None at all	160	20	20	100

C5: Confidence in DOJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	57	7	7	7
Quite a lot	140	17	17	24
Some	299	37	37	61
Very little	182	22	22	84
None at all	134	16	16	100

C6: Confidence in juries

[Juries that decide guilt or innocence in criminal cases] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A great deal	74	9	9	9
Quite a lot	224	28	28	37
Some	338	42	42	78
Very little	133	16	16	95
None at all	42	5	5	100

C7: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	34	4	4	4
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	165	20	20	25
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	323	40	40	64
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	289	36	36	100

C8: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	257	32	32	32
A little	408	50	50	82
Nothing at all	145	18	18	100

C9: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics	435	54	54	54
Mainly the law	376	46	46	100

C10: Municipal outdoor sleeping bans

The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether cities can, without violating the Constitution, ban homeless people from sleeping or camping in public spaces. Which comes closer to your view?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Cities can ban sleeping in public spaces	413	51	51	51
Cities cannot ban sleeping in public spaces	270	33	33	84
Don't know	128	16	16	100

C11A: Presidential immunity, v1

The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether former presidents have immunity from criminal prosecution for official actions while in office. Which comes closer to your view?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Former presidents should be immune from criminal prosecution for their official acts	78	10	19	19
Former presidents should not have immunity from criminal prosecution for their official acts	293	36	71	90
Don't know	40	5	10	100
(Missing)	400	49	NA	NA

C11B: Presidential immunity, v2

The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether former President Donald Trump has immunity from criminal prosecution for official actions while president. Which comes closer to your view?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Former President Trump should be immune from criminal prosecution for his official acts	130	16	32	32
Former President Trump should not have immunity from criminal prosecution for his official acts	235	29	59	91
Don't know	35	4	9	100
(Missing)	411	51	NA	NA

C12: Domestic violence gun ban

The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning the constitutionality of a federal law that prohibits people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from possessing firearms. Which comes closer to your view?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
The Court should uphold the law prohibiting gun possession by those subject to restraining orders	620	76	76	76
The Court should strike down the law as a violation of the Second Amendment right to bear arms	129	16	16	92
Don't know	62	8	8	100

C13: Mifepristone restrictions

The U.S. Supreme Court is reviewing a lower court decision that would significantly restrict (but not eliminate altogether) access to a drug used in medication abortions, mifepristone. Which comes closer to your view?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
The Court should rule to keep the current access to the medication abortion drug, thus overturning the lower court decis	477	59	59	59
The Court should rule that the lower court was correct in its decision, thus restricting access to the medication aborti	213	26	26	85
Don't know	121	15	15	100

C14: Social media regulations

The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning laws that regulate how large social media companies like Facebook and YouTube control content posted on their sites. Which comes closer to your view?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
The Court should rule that the companies have a First Amendment right to make decisions about what content may be presen	377	47	47	47
The Court should rule that the companies cannot decide what views users may express on the sites	291	36	36	82
Don't know	142	18	18	100

D1: Biden job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	106	13	13	13
Somewhat approve	215	27	27	40
Somewhat disapprove	136	17	17	56
Strongly disapprove	353	44	44	100

D1: Biden job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	321	40	40	40
Disapprove	490	60	60	100

D2: Congress job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	15	2	2	2
Somewhat approve	204	25	25	27
Somewhat disapprove	344	42	42	69
Strongly disapprove	248	31	31	100

D2: Congress job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Congress is handling its job?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	219	27	27	27
Disapprove	592	73	73	100

D3: Trump job approval, 4-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump handled his job when he was president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve	210	26	26	26
Somewhat approve	163	20	20	46
Somewhat disapprove	102	13	13	59
Strongly disapprove	336	41	41	100

D3: Trump job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump handled his job when he was president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Approve	373	46	46	46
Disapprove	438	54	54	100

D4: Fav/unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	117	14	14	14
Somewhat favorable	201	25	25	39
Somewhat unfavorable	121	15	15	54
Very unfavorable	367	45	45	99
Haven't heard enough	6	1	1	100

D5: Fav/unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	69	9	9	9
Somewhat favorable	214	26	26	35
Somewhat unfavorable	125	15	15	50
Very unfavorable	354	44	44	94
Haven't heard enough	49	6	6	100

D6: Fav/unfav: Kennedy, Jr.

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	52	6	6	6
Somewhat favorable	198	24	24	31
Somewhat unfavorable	194	24	24	55
Very unfavorable	175	22	22	76
Haven't heard enough	192	24	24	100

D7: Fav/unfav: West

[Cornell West] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	19	2	2	2
Somewhat favorable	72	9	9	11
Somewhat unfavorable	83	10	10	21
Very unfavorable	80	10	10	31
Haven't heard enough	557	69	69	100

D8: Fav/unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	199	25	25	25
Somewhat favorable	132	16	16	41
Somewhat unfavorable	85	11	11	51
Very unfavorable	387	48	48	99
Haven't heard enough	8	1	1	100

D8A: Fav/unfav: Stein

[Jill Stein] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	15	2	2	2
Somewhat favorable	80	10	10	12
Somewhat unfavorable	106	13	13	25
Very unfavorable	104	13	13	38
Haven't heard enough	506	62	62	100

D9: Fav/unfav: Democratic Party

[The Democratic party] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following political organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	91	11	11	11
Somewhat favorable	273	34	34	45
Somewhat unfavorable	145	18	18	63
Very unfavorable	297	37	37	99
Haven't heard enough	5	1	1	100

D10: Fav/unfav: Republican Party

[The Republican party] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following political organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	104	13	13	13
Somewhat favorable	222	27	27	40
Somewhat unfavorable	204	25	25	65
Very unfavorable	271	33	33	99
Haven't heard enough	10	1	1	100

D11: Fav/unfav: BLM Movement

Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the Black Lives Matter movement or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	118	15	15	15
Somewhat favorable	234	29	29	43
Somewhat unfavorable	143	18	18	61
Very unfavorable	291	36	36	97
Haven't heard enough	26	3	3	100

D12: Fav/unfav: MAGA Movement

[The MAGA (Make America Great Again) movement] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following groups and organizations or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very favorable	159	20	20	20
Somewhat favorable	140	17	17	37
Somewhat unfavorable	89	11	11	48
Very unfavorable	389	48	48	96
Haven't heard enough	34	4	4	100

D13: Biden cease-fire efforts

Has Joe Biden been working to negotiate a cease-fire agreement between Israel and Hamas, or has he not been working to negotiate a cease-fire agreement?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Has been working to negotiate a cease-fire	385	47	47	47
Has not been working to negotiate a cease-fire	202	25	25	72
Don't know	224	28	28	100

E1: State of the economy

How would you describe the state of the nation's economy these days?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	27	3	3	3
Good	224	28	28	31
Not so good	307	38	38	69
Poor	253	31	31	100

E2: State of economy in your state

How would you describe the economy in your state these days?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Excellent	38	5	5	5
Good	274	34	34	38
Not so good	309	38	38	76
Poor	191	24	24	100

E3: Heard about Trump/Daniels case

[Donald Trump’s trial in New York concerning charges he falsified business records to cover up payments to adult film actress Stormy Daniels
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	527	65	65	65
A little	225	28	28	93
Nothing at all	59	7	7	100

E4: Heard about SCOTUS immunity hearing

[The U.S. Supreme Court hearing on Donald Trump’s claim of presidential immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts as president] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	399	49	49	49
A little	331	41	41	90
Nothing at all	81	10	10	100

E5: Heard about Ukraine aid

[The House of Representatives and the Senate passed legislation providing $61 billion in aid to Ukraine in its war with Russia] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	360	44	44	44
A little	337	42	42	86
Nothing at all	114	14	14	100

E6: Heard about Israel aid

The House of Representatives and the Senate passed legislation providing $26.4 billion for Israel and for humanitarian aid for Gaza and other places] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	319	39	39	39
A little	368	45	45	85
Nothing at all	124	15	15	100

E7: Heard about college campus protests

[College campus protests against the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	588	73	73	73
A little	174	21	21	94
Nothing at all	49	6	6	100

E8: Heard about inflation

[News reports that consumer prices (inflation) rose by 3.2% over the past 12 months (as of February)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	335	41	41	41
A little	365	45	45	86
Nothing at all	111	14	14	100

E9: Heard about unemployment

[News reports that the unemployment rate was 3.9% (as of February)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A lot	181	22	22	22
A little	384	47	47	70
Nothing at all	246	30	30	100

F1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	220	27	27	27
Somewhat conservative	277	34	34	61
Moderate	229	28	28	90
Somewhat liberal	67	8	8	98
Very liberal	16	2	2	100

F2: Biden ideology

[Joe Biden] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	26	3	3	3
Somewhat conservative	70	9	9	12
Moderate	199	25	25	36
Somewhat liberal	202	25	25	61
Very liberal	314	39	39	100

F3: Trump ideology

[Donald Trump] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	412	51	51	51
Somewhat conservative	251	31	31	82
Moderate	81	10	10	92
Somewhat liberal	25	3	3	95
Very liberal	43	5	5	100

F4: Republican ideology

[The Republican party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	390	48	48	48
Somewhat conservative	271	33	33	82
Moderate	93	11	11	93
Somewhat liberal	36	4	4	97
Very liberal	21	3	3	100

F5: Democratic ideology

[The Democratic party] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	34	4	4	4
Somewhat conservative	61	8	8	12
Moderate	131	16	16	28
Somewhat liberal	220	27	27	55
Very liberal	365	45	45	100

F6: Better at handling the economy

[The economy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	232	29	29	29
Trump	408	50	50	79
Both about the same	84	10	10	89
Neither good	87	11	11	100

F7: Better at handling immigration/border

[Immigration and border security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	205	25	25	25
Trump	425	52	52	78
Both about the same	65	8	8	86
Neither good	116	14	14	100

F8: Better at handling Israel/Hamas war

[Handling the war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	229	28	28	28
Trump	343	42	42	71
Both about the same	70	9	9	79
Neither good	169	21	21	100

F9: Better at handling healthcare

[Healthcare] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	330	41	41	41
Trump	256	32	32	72
Both about the same	120	15	15	87
Neither good	105	13	13	100

F10: Better at handling foreign relations

[Foreign relations] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	294	36	36	36
Trump	353	43	43	80
Both about the same	78	10	10	89
Neither good	87	11	11	100

F11: Better at handling abortion policy

[Abortion policy] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	351	43	43	43
Trump	259	32	32	75
Both about the same	87	11	11	86
Neither good	114	14	14	100

F12: Better at handling medicare/social security

[Medicare & Social Security] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	324	40	40	40
Trump	282	35	35	75
Both about the same	106	13	13	88
Neither good	99	12	12	100

F13: Better at ensuring fair/accurate elections

[Ensuring fair and accurate elections] Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Biden	362	45	45	45
Trump	255	31	31	76
Both about the same	80	10	10	86
Neither good	112	14	14	100
Skipped/Ref	1	0	0	100

F14: Describes Biden: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	449	55	55	55
Somewhat well	191	24	24	79
Not too well	76	9	9	88
Not at all well	94	12	12	100

F15: Describes Biden: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	135	17	17	17
Somewhat well	228	28	28	45
Not too well	138	17	17	62
Not at all well	311	38	38	100

F16: Describes Biden: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	204	25	25	25
Somewhat well	151	19	19	44
Not too well	157	19	19	63
Not at all well	299	37	37	100

F17: Describes Biden: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	148	18	18	18
Somewhat well	185	23	23	41
Not too well	163	20	20	61
Not at all well	315	39	39	100

F18: Describes Biden: right temperament

[Has the right temperament to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Joe Biden?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	228	28	28	28
Somewhat well	197	24	24	52
Not too well	129	16	16	68
Not at all well	256	32	32	100

F19: Describes Trump: too old

[Is too old to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	199	24	24	24
Somewhat well	239	30	30	54
Not too well	197	24	24	78
Not at all well	176	22	22	100

F20: Describes Trump: shares values

[Shares your values] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	168	21	21	21
Somewhat well	190	23	23	44
Not too well	105	13	13	57
Not at all well	348	43	43	100

F21: Describes Trump: corrupt

[Has behaved corruptly] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	385	47	47	47
Somewhat well	131	16	16	64
Not too well	129	16	16	79
Not at all well	167	21	21	100

F22: Describes Trump: accomplishments

[Has a strong record of accomplishments as president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	259	32	32	32
Somewhat well	158	19	19	51
Not too well	129	16	16	67
Not at all well	265	33	33	100

F23: Describes Trump: right temperament

[Has the right temperament to be president] How well does each of the following phrases describe Donald Trump?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very well	159	20	20	20
Somewhat well	144	18	18	37
Not too well	116	14	14	52
Not at all well	391	48	48	100

F24: Trump/Daniels case

Donald Trump is currently being tried in a New York court on charges he falsified business records to cover up payments to adult film actress Stormy Daniels. In this case, do you think Trump did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	438	54	54	54
Something wrong but not illegal	218	27	27	81
He didn't do anything wrong	155	19	19	100

F25: Biden & Hunter Biden

Related to his son’s business dealings, do you think Joe Biden did something illegal, he did something wrong but not illegal, or do you think he didn’t do anything wrong?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Something illegal	372	46	46	46
Something wrong but not illegal	231	29	29	74
He didn't do anything wrong	207	26	26	100
Skipped/Ref	0	0	0	100
(Missing)	0	0	NA	NA

F26: Most important issue

Which one of the following issues will be MOST important in deciding your vote for president?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
The economy	290	36	36	36
Immigration and border security	158	20	20	55
Healthcare	37	5	5	60
Foreign relations	23	3	3	63
Abortion policy	80	10	10	72
Medicare & Social Security	73	9	9	82
The war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza	21	3	3	84
Ensuring fair and accurate elections	64	8	8	92
Don't know	65	8	8	100

F27: Prospective juror question

Prospective jurors in Donald Trump’s New York trial were asked the following question. If you were a juror in the trial, how would you answer the question? “Can you give us your assurance that you will decide this case solely on the evidence you see and hear in this courtroom and the law as the judge gives it?”
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
I can decide solely on the evidence and the law	643	79	79	79
I could not decide solely on the evidence and the law	93	11	11	91
Don't know	74	9	9	100

F28A: Vote if guilty verdict

If it turns out that Donald Trump is found guilty in his New York trial, would you vote for [Joe Biden] or for [Donald Trump]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	166	21	43	43
Donald Trump	153	19	39	82
Someone else	57	7	15	97
Wouldn't vote	13	2	3	100
(Missing)	422	52	NA	NA

F28B: Vote if not guilty verdict

If it turns out that Donald Trump is found not guilty in his New York trial, would you vote for [Joe Biden] or for [Donald Trump]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Joe Biden	159	20	38	38
Donald Trump	184	23	44	81
Someone else	68	8	16	98
Wouldn't vote	10	1	2	100
(Missing)	389	48	NA	NA

K1: abortion legality

Do you think abortion should be legal in all cases, legal in most cases, illegal in most cases, or illegal in all cases?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Legal in all cases	276	34	34	34
Legal in most cases	289	36	36	70
Illegal in most cases	197	24	24	94
Illegal in all cases	49	6	6	100

K2: college protestor arrests

Should colleges have police arrest student protesters opposing the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza or should colleges allow the protests to continue as a matter of free speech?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Arrest protesters	315	39	39	39
Allow protests to continue	323	40	40	79
Don't know	173	21	21	100

K3A: immigrant deportation v1

Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	135	17	35	35
Somewhat favor	112	14	29	64
Somewhat oppose	97	12	25	89
Strongly oppose	44	5	11	100
(Missing)	423	52	NA	NA

K3B: immigrant deportation v2

Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries even if they have lived here for a number of years, have jobs and no criminal record?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor	113	14	27	27
Somewhat favor	92	11	22	48
Somewhat oppose	103	13	24	73
Strongly oppose	115	14	27	100
(Missing)	388	48	NA	NA

P1: US involvement in world affairs

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs	467	58	58	58
Stay out of world affairs	344	42	42	100

P2: Ukraine support level

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	332	41	41	41
Not enough support	208	26	26	67
About the right amount of support	271	33	33	100

P3: Israel support level

When it comes to Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Israel, not enough support to Israel, or about the right amount of support to Israel?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Too much support	338	42	42	42
Not enough support	202	25	25	67
About the right amount of support	271	33	33	100

P4: Racism today

How much of a problem do you think racism is in the country today?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
A very big problem	271	33	33	33
A moderately big problem	299	37	37	70
A small problem	202	25	25	95
Not a problem at all	40	5	5	100

P5: Reverse racism

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “Discrimination against White people has become as big a problem as discrimination against Black people and other minorities.”
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree	188	23	23	23
Somewhat agree	227	28	28	51
Somewhat disagree	123	15	15	66
Strongly disagree	273	34	34	100

P6: personal financial situation

Thinking about your family's financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Living comfortably	325	40	40	40
Just getting by	337	42	42	82
Struggling	148	18	18	100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Just about always	7	1	1	1
Most of the time	125	15	15	16
Only some of the time	511	63	63	79
Never	167	21	21	100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted	447	55	55	55
Most people can't be trusted	364	45	45	100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	811	100	100	100

INTFREQ: internet frequency

About how often do you use the internet?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Almost constantly	320	40	40	40
Several times a day	422	52	52	91
About once a day	54	7	7	98
Several times a week	10	1	1	99
Less often	5	1	1	100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	261	32	32	32
Democrat	250	31	31	63
Independent	243	30	30	93
Other/No preference	57	7	7	100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Strong	309	38	61	61
Not very strong	202	25	39	100
(Missing)	300	37	NA	NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	113	14	38	38
Democratic	144	18	48	86
Neither	43	5	14	100
(Missing)	511	63	NA	NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
More than once a week	55	7	7	7
Once a week	139	17	17	24
Once or twice a month	89	11	11	35
A few times a year	102	13	13	48
Seldom	195	24	24	72
Never	231	28	28	100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes, would	278	34	34	34
No, would not	533	66	66	100
(Missing)	0	0	NA	NA

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Very conservative	140	17	17	17
Somewhat conservative	159	20	20	37
Moderate	295	36	36	73
Somewhat liberal	148	18	18	92
Very liberal	68	8	8	100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day	58	7	7	7
A few times a week	268	33	33	40
A few times a month	225	28	28	68
Once a month	68	8	8	76
Less than once a month	118	15	15	91
Not at all	73	9	9	100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes	207	26	26	26
No	604	74	74	100

GE2020: 2020 vote

Did you vote in the general election in 2020?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Yes, did vote in the 2020 general election	743	92	92	92
No, did not vote in the 2020 general election	68	8	8	100

Z8: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump	321	40	43	43
Joe Biden	394	49	53	96
Jo Jorgensen	12	1	2	98
Howie Hawkins	2	0	0	98
Another candidate	13	2	2	100
Did not vote in that election	1	0	0	100
(Missing)	68	8	NA	NA

Z9: own or rent

Is your home owned or rented?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Owned	618	76	76	76
Rented	193	24	24	100

Z10: adults in household

Including yourself, how many adults age 18 or older are there living in your household?
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
1	130	16	16	16
2	446	55	55	71
3	142	17	17	88
4	59	7	7	96
5	25	3	3	99
6	2	0	0	99
7	2	0	0	99
8 or more	5	1	1	100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	261	32	32	32
Lean Republican	113	14	14	46
Independent	43	5	5	51
Lean Democrat	144	18	18	69
Democrat	250	31	31	100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Republican	375	46	46	46
Independent	43	5	5	51
Democrat	393	49	49	100

gender

sex
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Male	392	48	48	48
Female	398	49	49	97
Another gender	9	1	1	99
Skipped/Ref	11	1	1	100

age

age, 4 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
18-29	112	14	14	14
30-44	199	25	25	38
45-59	224	28	28	66
60+	276	34	34	100

education

education - 5 categories
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than HS	46	6	6	6
HS graduate	198	24	25	30
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	221	27	27	58
Bachelor's degree	180	22	22	80
Post grad study/professional degree	161	20	20	100
(Missing)	5	1	NA	NA

income

income recode
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k	148	18	18	18
$30k to less than $50k	150	19	19	37
$50k to less than $75k	137	17	17	54
$75k to less than $100k	137	17	17	71
$100k or more	239	29	29	100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
White	522	64	64	64
Black	93	11	11	76
Hispanic	113	14	14	90
Other/Multiple	69	8	8	98
Skipped/Ref	14	2	2	100

religious affiliation

religious identification
	Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant	222	27	27	27
Mainline Protestant	107	13	13	40
Roman Catholic	163	20	20	61
No religion	229	28	28	89
Other religion	85	11	11	99
Skipped/Ref	5	1	1	100