Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll July 24 - August 1, 2024

Supreme Court issues only

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove	n
sex
Male	14	34	21	31	481
Female	9	29	31	31	502
Another gender	0	0	0	100	12
age
18-29	4	33	29	33	211
30-44	7	30	33	30	248
45-59	11	38	24	27	241
60+	20	27	18	35	305
education
Less than HS	13	39	30	17	90
HS graduate	10	42	21	27	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	11	29	31	28	266
Bachelor's degree	13	19	24	44	202
Post grad study/professional degree	9	30	24	37	159
income
Less than $30k	10	38	24	27	265
$30k to less than $50k	10	30	26	34	160
$50k to less than $75k	8	32	30	30	176
$75k to less than $100k	15	28	25	32	128
$100k or more	14	27	24	35	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	22	45	22	11	442
Independent	5	34	29	32	100
Democrat	2	18	28	51	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	26	46	18	10	291
Independent	7	30	32	32	412
Democrat	3	20	25	52	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	26	46	18	10	291
Lean Republican	15	43	30	12	151
Independent	5	34	29	32	100
Lean Democrat	0	15	35	50	161
Democrat	3	20	25	52	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	32	46	16	6	186
Weak Republican	16	46	20	18	105
Lean Republican	15	43	30	12	151
Independent	5	34	29	32	100
Lean Democrat	0	15	35	50	161
Weak Democrat	5	31	34	31	130
Strong Democrat	2	13	18	67	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	14	31	22	33	609
Black Non-Hispanic	4	35	26	35	120
Hispanic	7	32	35	26	169
Other	10	32	31	28	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	28	45	14	13	57
Once a week	17	41	22	21	141
Once or twice a month	17	41	25	17	82
A few times a year	8	40	26	26	186
Seldom	15	27	29	30	249
Never	3	21	26	49	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	20	45	23	12	232
Mainline Protestant	11	38	25	26	183
Roman Catholic	13	37	25	25	193
No religion	5	18	28	49	303
Other religion	9	22	23	46	93
ideology
Very conservative	33	44	20	4	118
Somewhat conservative	25	52	14	8	224
Moderate	4	31	35	30	382
Somewhat liberal	2	15	28	54	152
Very liberal	1	5	17	77	124
voter registration status
Yes	13	29	24	34	759
No	6	40	30	24	246

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Approve	Disapprove	n
sex
Male	49	51	481
Female	38	62	502
Another gender	0	100	12
age
18-29	37	63	211
30-44	37	63	248
45-59	49	51	241
60+	47	53	305
education
Less than HS	52	48	90
HS graduate	52	48	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	40	60	266
Bachelor's degree	32	68	202
Post grad study/professional degree	39	61	159
income
Less than $30k	48	52	265
$30k to less than $50k	40	60	160
$50k to less than $75k	40	60	176
$75k to less than $100k	43	57	128
$100k or more	41	59	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	67	33	442
Independent	39	61	100
Democrat	21	79	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	72	28	291
Independent	37	63	412
Democrat	24	76	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	72	28	291
Lean Republican	58	42	151
Independent	39	61	100
Lean Democrat	15	85	161
Democrat	24	76	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	78	22	186
Weak Republican	62	38	105
Lean Republican	58	42	151
Independent	39	61	100
Lean Democrat	15	85	161
Weak Democrat	35	65	130
Strong Democrat	15	85	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	45	55	609
Black Non-Hispanic	40	60	120
Hispanic	39	61	169
Other	41	59	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	73	27	57
Once a week	57	43	141
Once or twice a month	58	42	82
A few times a year	48	52	186
Seldom	42	58	249
Never	24	76	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	65	35	232
Mainline Protestant	49	51	183
Roman Catholic	50	50	193
No religion	22	78	303
Other religion	31	69	93
ideology
Very conservative	76	24	118
Somewhat conservative	77	23	224
Moderate	35	65	382
Somewhat liberal	18	82	152
Very liberal	6	94	124
voter registration status
Yes	42	58	759
No	46	54	246

C2: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	13	22	27	22	17	481
Female	7	12	36	31	14	502
Another gender	0	0	0	40	60	12
age
18-29	5	17	35	27	15	211
30-44	7	11	36	29	16	248
45-59	8	18	33	24	16	241
60+	15	20	25	25	16	305
education
Less than HS	11	22	43	21	3	90
HS graduate	10	15	37	23	15	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	9	19	28	27	16	266
Bachelor's degree	12	12	24	31	21	202
Post grad study/professional degree	5	19	30	29	17	159
income
Less than $30k	11	18	33	23	15	265
$30k to less than $50k	7	12	38	27	16	160
$50k to less than $75k	8	17	29	30	17	176
$75k to less than $100k	11	17	28	29	15	128
$100k or more	10	19	29	25	16	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	17	26	36	15	6	442
Independent	5	10	44	18	23	100
Democrat	3	9	25	39	24	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	29	35	12	4	291
Independent	7	11	37	27	17	412
Democrat	3	12	21	39	26	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	29	35	12	4	291
Lean Republican	13	19	38	21	9	151
Independent	5	10	44	18	23	100
Lean Democrat	3	5	32	39	21	161
Democrat	3	12	21	39	26	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	25	28	38	7	2	186
Weak Republican	12	31	30	21	6	105
Lean Republican	13	19	38	21	9	151
Independent	5	10	44	18	23	100
Lean Democrat	3	5	32	39	21	161
Weak Democrat	2	20	31	35	13	130
Strong Democrat	4	6	13	42	35	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	11	17	30	27	14	609
Black Non-Hispanic	4	16	27	29	24	120
Hispanic	11	12	32	23	21	169
Other	7	22	50	16	5	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	29	15	37	17	2	57
Once a week	11	25	35	13	14	141
Once or twice a month	17	21	31	26	5	82
A few times a year	5	22	41	23	9	186
Seldom	12	13	32	28	15	249
Never	4	11	22	36	27	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	14	23	39	14	10	232
Mainline Protestant	6	25	30	25	15	183
Roman Catholic	16	18	32	22	12	193
No religion	5	7	30	35	23	303
Other religion	5	15	24	39	16	93
ideology
Very conservative	24	32	39	3	2	118
Somewhat conservative	18	31	33	11	6	224
Moderate	6	13	36	28	17	382
Somewhat liberal	1	7	23	49	20	152
Very liberal	0	1	19	44	36	124
voter registration status
Yes	11	16	29	28	17	759
No	4	20	41	22	13	246

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	3	10	40	32	15	481
Female	3	9	42	36	10	502
Another gender	0	0	6	76	18	12
age
18-29	6	13	40	28	13	211
30-44	3	4	42	37	15	248
45-59	4	11	41	32	12	241
60+	1	10	39	38	11	305
education
Less than HS	6	9	53	28	5	90
HS graduate	3	10	41	33	12	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	5	11	38	33	14	266
Bachelor's degree	2	7	38	39	14	202
Post grad study/professional degree	0	10	39	37	13	159
income
Less than $30k	7	10	43	27	13	265
$30k to less than $50k	4	9	46	32	10	160
$50k to less than $75k	1	8	37	38	16	176
$75k to less than $100k	3	10	34	42	11	128
$100k or more	1	10	40	37	13	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	2	11	45	29	13	442
Independent	6	7	30	34	24	100
Democrat	3	9	38	39	10	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	3	10	48	29	10	291
Independent	3	11	36	34	16	412
Democrat	3	7	39	39	10	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	3	10	48	29	10	291
Lean Republican	1	11	41	30	17	151
Independent	6	7	30	34	24	100
Lean Democrat	3	12	36	38	10	161
Democrat	3	7	39	39	10	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	4	7	49	27	12	186
Weak Republican	0	16	45	33	6	105
Lean Republican	1	11	41	30	17	151
Independent	6	7	30	34	24	100
Lean Democrat	3	12	36	38	10	161
Weak Democrat	3	9	33	45	10	130
Strong Democrat	4	6	44	35	11	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	2	7	41	38	12	609
Black Non-Hispanic	4	10	40	28	18	120
Hispanic	7	9	39	28	17	169
Other	2	27	42	25	4	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	11	6	46	34	3	57
Once a week	3	17	32	36	11	141
Once or twice a month	2	18	43	32	5	82
A few times a year	4	9	54	24	9	186
Seldom	2	10	34	40	14	249
Never	2	5	40	35	19	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	3	10	42	38	7	232
Mainline Protestant	1	12	44	25	17	183
Roman Catholic	5	14	39	32	10	193
No religion	4	5	40	36	16	303
Other religion	2	10	34	40	15	93
ideology
Very conservative	3	6	46	31	13	118
Somewhat conservative	3	13	43	28	14	224
Moderate	3	10	38	35	13	382
Somewhat liberal	4	10	38	43	4	152
Very liberal	0	2	42	36	21	124
voter registration status
Yes	3	9	39	37	12	759
No	4	10	44	26	16	246

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	11	24	36	19	11	481
Female	11	20	30	25	14	502
Another gender	0	16	44	16	24	12
age
18-29	6	17	39	24	14	211
30-44	7	15	37	27	14	248
45-59	9	26	29	26	11	241
60+	18	27	29	13	12	305
education
Less than HS	11	30	38	17	5	90
HS graduate	13	20	30	20	17	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	10	23	28	25	14	266
Bachelor's degree	13	16	38	20	13	202
Post grad study/professional degree	5	26	37	25	8	159
income
Less than $30k	15	18	34	20	13	265
$30k to less than $50k	5	28	30	23	14	160
$50k to less than $75k	13	22	34	16	15	176
$75k to less than $100k	9	14	34	27	17	128
$100k or more	9	26	33	24	8	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	9	18	31	25	17	442
Independent	4	12	38	21	24	100
Democrat	13	27	34	19	7	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	11	17	33	21	18	291
Independent	9	19	32	26	13	412
Democrat	11	30	36	16	7	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	11	17	33	21	18	291
Lean Republican	5	21	29	31	14	151
Independent	4	12	38	21	24	100
Lean Democrat	16	22	30	25	6	161
Democrat	11	30	36	16	7	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	12	17	33	19	19	186
Weak Republican	9	17	33	26	16	105
Lean Republican	5	21	29	31	14	151
Independent	4	12	38	21	24	100
Lean Democrat	16	22	30	25	6	161
Weak Democrat	4	25	39	21	10	130
Strong Democrat	17	33	33	12	4	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	11	22	32	20	15	609
Black Non-Hispanic	14	19	35	19	12	120
Hispanic	10	18	36	24	12	169
Other	4	33	33	28	2	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	22	8	25	42	4	57
Once a week	11	26	34	16	14	141
Once or twice a month	5	22	50	16	6	82
A few times a year	9	26	34	22	8	186
Seldom	13	21	30	21	16	249
Never	9	20	32	23	16	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	11	21	37	21	10	232
Mainline Protestant	7	22	36	20	15	183
Roman Catholic	16	30	29	14	11	193
No religion	9	17	32	28	13	303
Other religion	7	20	30	26	18	93
ideology
Very conservative	14	16	31	19	20	118
Somewhat conservative	5	21	37	21	16	224
Moderate	12	21	32	23	11	382
Somewhat liberal	14	30	31	23	2	152
Very liberal	8	16	35	22	19	124
voter registration status
Yes	13	22	33	20	13	759
No	4	21	33	28	13	246

C5: Confidence in national news media

[The national news media] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	3	8	30	32	27	481
Female	3	10	32	30	25	502
Another gender	0	5	34	30	30	12
age
18-29	6	8	25	33	29	211
30-44	5	4	29	32	29	248
45-59	2	10	36	30	23	241
60+	1	12	33	29	24	305
education
Less than HS	11	9	23	33	23	90
HS graduate	3	6	28	35	27	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	2	9	29	29	31	266
Bachelor's degree	2	9	34	31	23	202
Post grad study/professional degree	3	12	42	24	20	159
income
Less than $30k	8	12	28	29	24	265
$30k to less than $50k	3	7	33	34	24	160
$50k to less than $75k	2	9	30	30	29	176
$75k to less than $100k	1	7	30	33	30	128
$100k or more	1	8	35	32	25	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	2	5	18	38	37	442
Independent	3	3	30	24	40	100
Democrat	4	13	44	25	13	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	2	5	17	39	37	291
Independent	2	7	28	34	29	412
Democrat	6	14	48	20	12	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	2	5	17	39	37	291
Lean Republican	3	4	18	38	37	151
Independent	3	3	30	24	40	100
Lean Democrat	1	13	36	35	14	161
Democrat	6	14	48	20	12	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	3	4	13	39	41	186
Weak Republican	1	6	25	39	29	105
Lean Republican	3	4	18	38	37	151
Independent	3	3	30	24	40	100
Lean Democrat	1	13	36	35	14	161
Weak Democrat	7	12	39	24	17	130
Strong Democrat	5	15	55	18	8	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	1	9	29	32	29	609
Black Non-Hispanic	9	12	39	24	16	120
Hispanic	8	5	27	34	27	169
Other	4	9	40	30	17	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	10	10	26	26	29	57
Once a week	1	10	29	28	32	141
Once or twice a month	3	5	43	25	22	82
A few times a year	5	9	30	38	18	186
Seldom	4	7	27	37	25	249
Never	2	10	33	25	30	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	3	8	26	33	30	232
Mainline Protestant	3	9	33	32	23	183
Roman Catholic	5	8	34	30	23	193
No religion	2	9	33	29	27	303
Other religion	6	9	27	31	27	93
ideology
Very conservative	3	6	14	26	50	118
Somewhat conservative	2	4	18	39	36	224
Moderate	4	9	38	29	20	382
Somewhat liberal	5	16	45	22	12	152
Very liberal	1	8	32	36	23	124
voter registration status
Yes	3	9	32	31	26	759
No	5	9	26	32	28	246

C6: Confidence in juries

[Juries that decide guilt or innocence in criminal cases] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	11	34	37	12	6	481
Female	10	24	43	15	8	502
Another gender	0	5	73	22	0	12
age
18-29	10	21	41	21	8	211
30-44	8	21	48	14	9	248
45-59	8	32	44	10	6	241
60+	17	36	32	10	5	305
education
Less than HS	15	19	46	14	6	90
HS graduate	9	30	42	11	8	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	12	26	38	14	9	266
Bachelor's degree	12	31	36	18	3	202
Post grad study/professional degree	9	32	45	8	6	159
income
Less than $30k	10	21	41	20	8	265
$30k to less than $50k	9	29	41	14	7	160
$50k to less than $75k	10	37	35	8	11	176
$75k to less than $100k	10	29	41	15	5	128
$100k or more	14	30	43	10	3	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	9	26	40	17	8	442
Independent	8	15	44	15	19	100
Democrat	13	34	40	10	3	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	7	31	42	14	6	291
Independent	15	22	38	16	9	412
Democrat	10	34	43	9	5	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	7	31	42	14	6	291
Lean Republican	14	15	37	24	11	151
Independent	8	15	44	15	19	100
Lean Democrat	19	35	34	11	1	161
Democrat	10	34	43	9	5	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	7	30	38	18	7	186
Weak Republican	6	34	48	6	5	105
Lean Republican	14	15	37	24	11	151
Independent	8	15	44	15	19	100
Lean Democrat	19	35	34	11	1	161
Weak Democrat	5	34	48	9	5	130
Strong Democrat	13	33	40	9	4	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	9	33	41	11	5	609
Black Non-Hispanic	10	22	42	13	14	120
Hispanic	13	22	37	19	10	169
Other	20	23	37	15	5	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	15	17	39	24	4	57
Once a week	19	25	39	9	8	141
Once or twice a month	4	31	55	6	3	82
A few times a year	7	35	41	15	1	186
Seldom	12	28	37	15	7	249
Never	9	27	40	13	11	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	14	25	40	14	7	232
Mainline Protestant	6	29	45	12	8	183
Roman Catholic	19	28	39	9	6	193
No religion	8	30	40	15	6	303
Other religion	3	31	38	19	8	93
ideology
Very conservative	8	22	45	16	9	118
Somewhat conservative	6	30	40	16	9	224
Moderate	13	26	44	10	7	382
Somewhat liberal	14	35	37	14	1	152
Very liberal	9	33	33	16	9	124
voter registration status
Yes	13	32	39	12	5	759
No	5	18	46	18	13	246

C7: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	n
sex
Male	3	17	41	38	481
Female	4	24	40	32	502
Another gender	0	0	41	59	12
age
18-29	6	22	46	27	211
30-44	5	27	43	24	248
45-59	2	19	42	38	241
60+	2	16	34	47	305
education
Less than HS	6	36	44	14	90
HS graduate	5	26	37	32	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	3	23	45	29	266
Bachelor's degree	1	8	47	44	202
Post grad study/professional degree	4	12	31	51	159
income
Less than $30k	6	29	35	30	265
$30k to less than $50k	2	22	44	33	160
$50k to less than $75k	3	23	38	35	176
$75k to less than $100k	5	18	37	40	128
$100k or more	1	11	49	40	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	2	30	42	26	442
Independent	10	24	43	20	100
Democrat	3	11	39	47	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	2	30	39	28	291
Independent	4	19	45	31	412
Democrat	4	13	36	47	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	2	30	39	28	291
Lean Republican	2	31	46	22	151
Independent	10	24	43	20	100
Lean Democrat	1	6	45	47	161
Democrat	4	13	36	47	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	2	27	39	32	186
Weak Republican	3	35	40	21	105
Lean Republican	2	31	46	22	151
Independent	10	24	43	20	100
Lean Democrat	1	6	45	47	161
Weak Democrat	3	17	49	30	130
Strong Democrat	5	10	26	60	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	2	20	41	37	609
Black Non-Hispanic	8	15	40	36	120
Hispanic	3	24	35	38	169
Other	7	25	47	18	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	2	12	58	29	57
Once a week	4	19	41	36	141
Once or twice a month	1	19	42	35	82
A few times a year	5	26	43	26	186
Seldom	2	23	37	37	249
Never	4	18	38	40	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	3	24	43	30	232
Mainline Protestant	4	20	43	33	183
Roman Catholic	2	21	38	39	193
No religion	4	19	38	40	303
Other religion	5	18	44	30	93
ideology
Very conservative	3	23	39	34	118
Somewhat conservative	5	26	44	25	224
Moderate	3	25	42	30	382
Somewhat liberal	3	7	42	46	152
Very liberal	2	9	32	57	124
voter registration status
Yes	3	19	39	39	759
No	6	27	45	22	246

C8: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	39	49	12	481
Female	26	57	17	502
Another gender	24	76	0	12
age
18-29	20	58	22	211
30-44	22	60	19	248
45-59	32	53	14	241
60+	48	46	6	305
education
Less than HS	19	49	32	90
HS graduate	27	55	19	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	28	62	10	266
Bachelor's degree	45	44	11	202
Post grad study/professional degree	39	54	7	159
income
Less than $30k	22	57	21	265
$30k to less than $50k	33	52	15	160
$50k to less than $75k	38	49	13	176
$75k to less than $100k	35	55	10	128
$100k or more	36	53	11	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	27	58	15	442
Independent	16	55	29	100
Democrat	40	50	10	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	30	56	14	291
Independent	30	53	17	412
Democrat	37	52	11	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	30	56	14	291
Lean Republican	21	61	17	151
Independent	16	55	29	100
Lean Democrat	46	45	10	161
Democrat	37	52	11	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	33	55	11	186
Weak Republican	23	57	20	105
Lean Republican	21	61	17	151
Independent	16	55	29	100
Lean Democrat	46	45	10	161
Weak Democrat	19	65	16	130
Strong Democrat	51	42	6	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	35	52	13	609
Black Non-Hispanic	28	59	13	120
Hispanic	25	56	19	169
Other	29	59	12	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	40	49	10	57
Once a week	34	53	13	141
Once or twice a month	29	60	11	82
A few times a year	24	60	16	186
Seldom	35	51	14	249
Never	33	51	16	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	29	53	18	232
Mainline Protestant	29	61	10	183
Roman Catholic	34	54	12	193
No religion	33	51	16	303
Other religion	37	49	14	93
ideology
Very conservative	27	60	13	118
Somewhat conservative	33	57	10	224
Moderate	26	56	18	382
Somewhat liberal	38	48	14	152
Very liberal	45	44	12	124
voter registration status
Yes	38	51	11	759
No	15	61	24	246

C9: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Mainly politics	Mainly the law	n
sex
Male	53	47	481
Female	60	40	502
Another gender	100	0	12
age
18-29	65	35	211
30-44	64	36	248
45-59	52	48	241
60+	49	51	305
education
Less than HS	48	52	90
HS graduate	57	43	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	60	40	266
Bachelor's degree	59	41	202
Post grad study/professional degree	56	44	159
income
Less than $30k	61	39	265
$30k to less than $50k	64	36	160
$50k to less than $75k	60	40	176
$75k to less than $100k	49	51	128
$100k or more	52	48	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	41	59	442
Independent	55	45	100
Democrat	73	27	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	38	62	291
Independent	58	42	412
Democrat	74	26	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	38	62	291
Lean Republican	48	52	151
Independent	55	45	100
Lean Democrat	70	30	161
Democrat	74	26	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	35	65	186
Weak Republican	44	56	105
Lean Republican	48	52	151
Independent	55	45	100
Lean Democrat	70	30	161
Weak Democrat	68	32	130
Strong Democrat	79	21	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	53	47	609
Black Non-Hispanic	66	34	120
Hispanic	62	38	169
Other	57	43	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	52	48	57
Once a week	47	53	141
Once or twice a month	40	60	82
A few times a year	62	38	186
Seldom	53	47	249
Never	68	32	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	47	53	232
Mainline Protestant	50	50	183
Roman Catholic	51	49	193
No religion	69	31	303
Other religion	69	31	93
ideology
Very conservative	38	62	118
Somewhat conservative	32	68	224
Moderate	63	37	382
Somewhat liberal	75	25	152
Very liberal	78	22	124
voter registration status
Yes	57	43	759
No	59	41	246

C10: Justice ethical standards

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Very high	High	Average	Low	Very low	n
sex
Male	10	22	33	22	12	481
Female	5	19	36	29	12	502
Another gender	0	0	16	48	37	12
age
18-29	2	16	44	23	15	211
30-44	7	12	39	32	11	248
45-59	7	23	36	26	9	241
60+	11	28	23	23	15	305
education
Less than HS	11	21	48	11	8	90
HS graduate	6	21	37	23	13	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	19	33	28	12	266
Bachelor's degree	7	18	26	32	17	202
Post grad study/professional degree	5	23	35	29	9	159
income
Less than $30k	7	16	42	22	13	265
$30k to less than $50k	5	19	40	28	9	160
$50k to less than $75k	4	24	30	27	15	176
$75k to less than $100k	10	19	31	27	14	128
$100k or more	10	22	29	28	12	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	14	31	37	13	7	442
Independent	3	10	45	27	15	100
Democrat	2	12	30	39	17	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	17	33	32	12	5	291
Independent	4	17	39	27	13	412
Democrat	3	12	31	37	18	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	17	33	32	12	5	291
Lean Republican	7	26	45	13	9	151
Independent	3	10	45	27	15	100
Lean Democrat	0	13	29	41	16	161
Democrat	3	12	31	37	18	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	19	34	34	10	3	186
Weak Republican	12	31	30	18	10	105
Lean Republican	7	26	45	13	9	151
Independent	3	10	45	27	15	100
Lean Democrat	0	13	29	41	16	161
Weak Democrat	2	20	35	31	12	130
Strong Democrat	3	6	27	41	22	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	9	22	31	25	13	609
Black Non-Hispanic	5	13	36	34	12	120
Hispanic	4	15	42	23	16	169
Other	4	29	40	25	2	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	13	25	48	12	2	57
Once a week	12	34	29	15	10	141
Once or twice a month	8	35	28	28	1	82
A few times a year	5	20	47	19	9	186
Seldom	9	18	35	26	12	249
Never	3	10	28	38	21	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	11	33	35	16	6	232
Mainline Protestant	8	22	42	22	6	183
Roman Catholic	9	24	35	19	14	193
No religion	4	7	30	39	20	303
Other religion	5	19	30	31	14	93
ideology
Very conservative	23	31	36	9	1	118
Somewhat conservative	15	38	29	11	8	224
Moderate	2	17	41	27	14	382
Somewhat liberal	1	9	30	45	14	152
Very liberal	1	0	29	45	26	124
voter registration status
Yes	8	20	31	27	13	759
No	3	20	44	23	10	246

C11: Municipal outdoor sleeping bans

In June, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld city ordinances that prohibit people who are homeless from sleeping and camping on public property, ruling that such ordinances do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Constitution. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	38	26	24	12	481
Female	23	25	32	20	502
Another gender	0	0	16	84	12
age
18-29	14	26	30	29	211
30-44	24	25	26	24	248
45-59	32	28	32	8	241
60+	42	24	24	10	305
education
Less than HS	15	26	37	22	90
HS graduate	33	31	24	12	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	28	25	29	18	266
Bachelor's degree	29	22	28	21	202
Post grad study/professional degree	36	23	26	16	159
income
Less than $30k	14	27	35	23	265
$30k to less than $50k	34	20	25	21	160
$50k to less than $75k	27	28	26	19	176
$75k to less than $100k	42	22	19	18	128
$100k or more	38	27	28	6	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	50	24	18	8	442
Independent	16	29	32	23	100
Democrat	13	27	36	24	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	55	22	17	6	291
Independent	24	29	30	17	412
Democrat	13	26	34	27	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	55	22	17	6	291
Lean Republican	39	29	21	10	151
Independent	16	29	32	23	100
Lean Democrat	15	28	38	19	161
Democrat	13	26	34	27	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	61	17	17	5	186
Weak Republican	45	30	17	8	105
Lean Republican	39	29	21	10	151
Independent	16	29	32	23	100
Lean Democrat	15	28	38	19	161
Weak Democrat	17	32	29	23	130
Strong Democrat	10	21	39	30	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	33	25	28	14	609
Black Non-Hispanic	17	23	30	30	120
Hispanic	23	25	28	24	169
Other	36	30	23	11	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	49	25	23	3	57
Once a week	34	29	22	14	141
Once or twice a month	28	35	35	2	82
A few times a year	35	25	29	11	186
Seldom	33	23	27	17	249
Never	18	25	29	29	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	38	26	25	11	232
Mainline Protestant	32	25	30	13	183
Roman Catholic	34	32	25	9	193
No religion	19	22	32	27	303
Other religion	31	23	23	23	93
ideology
Very conservative	64	20	11	4	118
Somewhat conservative	50	26	18	6	224
Moderate	20	32	32	15	382
Somewhat liberal	13	27	42	19	152
Very liberal	7	11	30	53	124
voter registration status
Yes	33	24	27	16	759
No	21	30	31	19	246

C12: Presidential immunity

In July, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, while there is no immunity for unofficial acts, former presidents have broad immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts as president. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	20	28	21	31	481
Female	13	22	25	40	502
Another gender	0	0	0	100	12
age
18-29	5	21	24	49	211
30-44	9	26	32	33	248
45-59	17	30	22	31	241
60+	29	21	17	33	305
education
Less than HS	16	31	32	21	90
HS graduate	20	29	24	28	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	14	24	21	41	266
Bachelor's degree	14	17	27	42	202
Post grad study/professional degree	16	23	16	44	159
income
Less than $30k	10	24	31	35	265
$30k to less than $50k	17	22	21	41	160
$50k to less than $75k	20	22	20	37	176
$75k to less than $100k	17	35	10	38	128
$100k or more	18	22	26	35	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	30	39	20	11	442
Independent	12	25	32	32	100
Democrat	4	11	25	61	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	33	40	17	10	291
Independent	13	24	26	37	412
Democrat	5	10	26	60	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	33	40	17	10	291
Lean Republican	24	37	26	13	151
Independent	12	25	32	32	100
Lean Democrat	3	11	23	62	161
Democrat	5	10	26	60	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	42	35	14	9	186
Weak Republican	17	49	21	13	105
Lean Republican	24	37	26	13	151
Independent	12	25	32	32	100
Lean Democrat	3	11	23	62	161
Weak Democrat	6	12	31	51	130
Strong Democrat	4	9	22	66	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	19	26	21	34	609
Black Non-Hispanic	10	17	27	46	120
Hispanic	10	23	30	36	169
Other	17	26	24	33	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	23	32	24	21	57
Once a week	29	22	22	27	141
Once or twice a month	18	30	27	25	82
A few times a year	11	34	20	35	186
Seldom	18	22	24	35	249
Never	9	18	24	48	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	29	28	19	23	232
Mainline Protestant	15	27	26	33	183
Roman Catholic	19	28	27	26	193
No religion	7	19	23	51	303
Other religion	9	21	22	48	93
ideology
Very conservative	46	34	11	9	118
Somewhat conservative	26	42	20	12	224
Moderate	10	23	32	35	382
Somewhat liberal	3	6	26	64	152
Very liberal	3	10	12	75	124
voter registration status
Yes	19	23	23	36	759
No	8	31	26	36	246

C13: Domestic violence gun ban

In June, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that it does not violate the Second Amendment for the government to take guns away from people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from a court. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	46	26	20	8	481
Female	54	27	10	9	502
Another gender	60	22	0	19	12
age
18-29	46	27	21	6	211
30-44	41	29	21	10	248
45-59	50	24	15	11	241
60+	59	26	7	8	305
education
Less than HS	33	40	18	9	90
HS graduate	43	28	17	12	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	47	27	17	9	266
Bachelor's degree	62	22	12	4	202
Post grad study/professional degree	59	23	10	7	159
income
Less than $30k	42	31	17	10	265
$30k to less than $50k	46	29	14	11	160
$50k to less than $75k	52	27	11	10	176
$75k to less than $100k	58	18	18	6	128
$100k or more	55	24	14	7	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	40	35	16	9	442
Independent	39	25	26	10	100
Democrat	61	19	12	8	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	43	36	12	9	291
Independent	46	27	19	9	412
Democrat	62	17	13	8	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	43	36	12	9	291
Lean Republican	35	32	24	8	151
Independent	39	25	26	10	100
Lean Democrat	60	22	10	8	161
Democrat	62	17	13	8	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	46	32	13	10	186
Weak Republican	38	45	10	7	105
Lean Republican	35	32	24	8	151
Independent	39	25	26	10	100
Lean Democrat	60	22	10	8	161
Weak Democrat	56	20	16	9	130
Strong Democrat	67	15	10	8	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	52	27	13	8	609
Black Non-Hispanic	45	20	22	13	120
Hispanic	44	27	18	11	169
Other	51	33	9	7	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	58	17	19	6	57
Once a week	53	24	13	10	141
Once or twice a month	45	31	16	9	82
A few times a year	39	31	20	10	186
Seldom	53	27	10	10	249
Never	52	25	16	7	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	45	28	16	11	232
Mainline Protestant	48	28	15	8	183
Roman Catholic	51	24	14	11	193
No religion	57	25	14	4	303
Other religion	38	31	18	13	93
ideology
Very conservative	49	26	16	9	118
Somewhat conservative	41	35	15	10	224
Moderate	46	27	17	9	382
Somewhat liberal	63	19	10	8	152
Very liberal	60	20	13	6	124
voter registration status
Yes	53	26	13	8	759
No	40	28	22	10	246

C14: Mifepristone restrictions

In June, the U.S. Supreme Court maintained access to a widely available abortion pill, mifepristone, rejecting a bid from a group seeking to undo the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the pill. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	40	31	18	11	481
Female	39	23	18	20	502
Another gender	55	0	0	45	12
age
18-29	31	39	16	13	211
30-44	40	28	16	16	248
45-59	41	21	22	16	241
60+	43	23	16	17	305
education
Less than HS	22	27	33	19	90
HS graduate	29	31	22	18	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	35	33	15	16	266
Bachelor's degree	57	19	13	12	202
Post grad study/professional degree	54	20	11	15	159
income
Less than $30k	28	29	25	18	265
$30k to less than $50k	33	27	20	20	160
$50k to less than $75k	40	29	14	17	176
$75k to less than $100k	45	26	14	16	128
$100k or more	52	26	12	10	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	24	34	24	19	442
Independent	31	29	27	13	100
Democrat	56	20	10	14	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	24	34	24	19	291
Independent	39	30	18	13	412
Democrat	56	17	11	16	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	24	34	24	19	291
Lean Republican	25	34	23	18	151
Independent	31	29	27	13	100
Lean Democrat	57	27	7	9	161
Democrat	56	17	11	16	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	19	35	25	22	186
Weak Republican	33	32	22	14	105
Lean Republican	25	34	23	18	151
Independent	31	29	27	13	100
Lean Democrat	57	27	7	9	161
Weak Democrat	48	15	14	22	130
Strong Democrat	61	18	9	12	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	44	24	18	14	609
Black Non-Hispanic	30	29	18	24	120
Hispanic	31	26	21	22	169
Other	39	42	8	11	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	33	14	33	20	57
Once a week	25	40	17	18	141
Once or twice a month	20	31	29	19	82
A few times a year	40	29	17	15	186
Seldom	37	29	18	15	249
Never	56	19	11	14	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	18	30	25	27	232
Mainline Protestant	34	29	21	15	183
Roman Catholic	37	26	18	18	193
No religion	59	23	12	6	303
Other religion	44	31	8	17	93
ideology
Very conservative	22	29	25	24	118
Somewhat conservative	26	37	22	16	224
Moderate	36	28	20	16	382
Somewhat liberal	62	18	12	8	152
Very liberal	65	13	4	18	124
voter registration status
Yes	42	27	16	15	759
No	32	27	22	19	246

C15A: Chevron overturn, v1

In June, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a 1984 decision that required courts to defer to executive agencies’ reasonable interpretations of ambiguous statutes. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	14	35	33	18	231
Female	5	35	45	15	255
Another gender	0	0	25	75	6
age
18-29	4	35	46	15	95
30-44	4	37	44	16	112
45-59	10	36	38	16	125
60+	14	33	33	20	166
education
Less than HS	13	27	57	3	40
HS graduate	9	37	41	13	156
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	10	36	34	20	128
Bachelor's degree	7	28	44	21	101
Post grad study/professional degree	8	43	28	21	73
income
Less than $30k	11	25	51	14	125
$30k to less than $50k	2	30	48	19	79
$50k to less than $75k	8	37	34	22	92
$75k to less than $100k	12	43	26	19	71
$100k or more	9	41	35	15	127
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	17	43	34	6	218
Independent	3	49	39	8	50
Democrat	2	24	44	29	231
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	18	48	27	7	145
Independent	6	35	47	12	218
Democrat	3	20	41	36	136
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	18	48	27	7	145
Lean Republican	14	34	48	4	73
Independent	3	49	39	8	50
Lean Democrat	1	29	50	20	95
Democrat	3	20	41	36	136
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	23	49	22	6	88
Weak Republican	12	47	34	8	57
Lean Republican	14	34	48	4	73
Independent	3	49	39	8	50
Lean Democrat	1	29	50	20	95
Weak Democrat	6	29	49	16	50
Strong Democrat	2	15	36	48	86
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	10	36	37	16	307
Black Non-Hispanic	5	35	28	31	60
Hispanic	6	23	57	14	80
Other	9	39	37	15	45
religious service attendance
More than once a week	21	38	34	7	28
Once a week	4	38	34	22	75
Once or twice a month	12	52	24	13	37
A few times a year	11	38	40	11	91
Seldom	10	38	37	14	126
Never	6	23	48	23	142
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	9	38	40	13	124
Mainline Protestant	10	45	34	11	76
Roman Catholic	11	34	41	13	103
No religion	7	26	41	26	147
Other religion	8	40	35	17	48
ideology
Very conservative	19	44	26	10	50
Somewhat conservative	22	44	27	6	106
Moderate	5	35	46	14	177
Somewhat liberal	1	29	51	18	85
Very liberal	1	24	32	43	75
voter registration status
Yes	10	34	36	20	380
No	7	38	48	8	119

C15B: Chevron overturn, v2

In June, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a 1984 decision that required courts to defer to executive agencies’ reasonable interpretations of ambiguous statutes, ruling instead that courts must exercise their independent judgment on all questions of statutory interpretation made by agencies administering statutes. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	15	48	21	15	251
Female	8	43	32	17	247
Another gender	0	0	89	11	7
age
18-29	8	50	27	14	116
30-44	10	47	28	15	136
45-59	11	49	30	9	115
60+	16	36	25	23	139
education
Less than HS	11	49	31	9	50
HS graduate	10	52	23	15	127
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	10	47	32	11	138
Bachelor's degree	13	35	26	26	101
Post grad study/professional degree	12	42	28	18	85
income
Less than $30k	11	47	25	17	140
$30k to less than $50k	7	47	32	13	81
$50k to less than $75k	4	53	28	16	84
$75k to less than $100k	17	39	31	13	57
$100k or more	16	41	26	18	141
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	19	60	17	4	224
Independent	10	30	33	27	50
Democrat	4	34	37	25	231
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	60	17	3	147
Independent	12	42	25	20	194
Democrat	3	35	39	23	166
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	60	17	3	147
Lean Republican	18	59	16	7	78
Independent	10	30	33	27	50
Lean Democrat	8	32	31	30	66
Democrat	3	35	39	23	166
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	27	53	18	2	99
Weak Republican	6	74	16	4	48
Lean Republican	18	59	16	7	78
Independent	10	30	33	27	50
Lean Democrat	8	32	31	30	66
Weak Democrat	3	43	36	18	80
Strong Democrat	2	28	42	27	86
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	15	45	23	17	302
Black Non-Hispanic	4	36	42	19	59
Hispanic	7	47	29	17	89
Other	2	62	31	5	48
religious service attendance
More than once a week	17	60	21	2	30
Once a week	14	56	23	7	66
Once or twice a month	18	42	31	9	45
A few times a year	14	55	19	12	95
Seldom	10	36	30	23	123
Never	6	39	33	21	148
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	19	51	20	10	108
Mainline Protestant	8	52	26	14	107
Roman Catholic	16	48	23	12	89
No religion	7	35	31	27	156
Other religion	8	45	44	3	45
ideology
Very conservative	26	52	20	3	68
Somewhat conservative	21	59	16	4	118
Moderate	6	52	25	17	205
Somewhat liberal	3	16	57	24	67
Very liberal	4	14	35	47	49
voter registration status
Yes	12	42	29	17	379
No	9	54	24	13	127

C16: Trump election access

In March, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states cannot bar Donald Trump from election ballots based on the 14th Amendment’s insurrection clause. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	43	19	18	20	481
Female	31	16	16	36	502
Another gender	0	0	0	100	12
age
18-29	19	19	25	36	211
30-44	35	19	23	24	248
45-59	41	20	11	28	241
60+	46	14	12	28	305
education
Less than HS	35	21	28	15	90
HS graduate	47	17	14	21	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	39	15	14	32	266
Bachelor's degree	26	15	21	38	202
Post grad study/professional degree	26	24	18	32	159
income
Less than $30k	25	20	24	30	265
$30k to less than $50k	37	15	17	31	160
$50k to less than $75k	40	15	12	32	176
$75k to less than $100k	49	10	14	27	128
$100k or more	37	22	17	24	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	69	20	7	4	442
Independent	24	24	31	21	100
Democrat	8	14	24	54	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	74	16	6	4	291
Independent	31	22	22	26	412
Democrat	9	13	23	56	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	74	16	6	4	291
Lean Republican	60	26	10	3	151
Independent	24	24	31	21	100
Lean Democrat	7	16	27	50	161
Democrat	9	13	23	56	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	86	6	4	4	186
Weak Republican	51	35	8	5	105
Lean Republican	60	26	10	3	151
Independent	24	24	31	21	100
Lean Democrat	7	16	27	50	161
Weak Democrat	14	17	26	43	130
Strong Democrat	5	9	21	65	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	46	17	14	23	609
Black Non-Hispanic	12	16	22	50	120
Hispanic	25	15	24	35	169
Other	29	21	27	23	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	63	4	19	14	57
Once a week	48	14	14	24	141
Once or twice a month	39	19	21	21	82
A few times a year	35	25	19	21	186
Seldom	35	17	17	32	249
Never	27	17	17	38	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	55	16	11	18	232
Mainline Protestant	45	12	14	30	183
Roman Catholic	37	20	18	25	193
No religion	21	20	21	39	303
Other religion	26	19	28	27	93
ideology
Very conservative	90	8	1	1	118
Somewhat conservative	67	19	8	7	224
Moderate	23	25	23	29	382
Somewhat liberal	5	15	25	55	152
Very liberal	8	5	23	63	124
voter registration status
Yes	38	15	16	30	759
No	30	25	21	24	246

C17: Overturn bump stock ban

In June, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives had exceeded its statutory authority when it prohibited bump stocks, which enable semiautomatic rifles to fire at speeds rivaling those of machine guns. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	20	25	24	31	481
Female	18	24	22	37	502
Another gender	0	0	17	83	12
age
18-29	16	26	25	32	211
30-44	15	25	30	29	248
45-59	20	28	21	31	241
60+	22	20	16	43	305
education
Less than HS	18	37	25	21	90
HS graduate	18	28	25	28	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	26	23	21	30	266
Bachelor's degree	12	16	26	45	202
Post grad study/professional degree	14	24	13	49	159
income
Less than $30k	18	24	29	29	265
$30k to less than $50k	18	27	20	35	160
$50k to less than $75k	18	20	24	38	176
$75k to less than $100k	20	24	23	33	128
$100k or more	17	26	18	39	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	27	34	26	13	442
Independent	12	28	30	31	100
Democrat	12	15	18	55	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	28	33	24	15	291
Independent	18	25	25	32	412
Democrat	11	15	17	57	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	28	33	24	15	291
Lean Republican	26	35	29	10	151
Independent	12	28	30	31	100
Lean Democrat	15	14	18	53	161
Democrat	11	15	17	57	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	30	31	26	13	186
Weak Republican	23	37	22	18	105
Lean Republican	26	35	29	10	151
Independent	12	28	30	31	100
Lean Democrat	15	14	18	53	161
Weak Democrat	14	22	22	42	130
Strong Democrat	8	10	14	68	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	19	23	21	37	609
Black Non-Hispanic	15	16	23	46	120
Hispanic	19	25	29	26	169
Other	18	38	19	26	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	25	40	20	15	57
Once a week	22	30	19	29	141
Once or twice a month	17	33	27	23	82
A few times a year	25	27	24	24	186
Seldom	19	21	22	38	249
Never	11	18	24	47	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	22	33	25	19	232
Mainline Protestant	26	22	22	31	183
Roman Catholic	17	26	23	34	193
No religion	13	16	22	48	303
Other religion	15	31	18	35	93
ideology
Very conservative	40	28	23	8	118
Somewhat conservative	28	36	24	12	224
Moderate	12	24	28	36	382
Somewhat liberal	16	17	15	52	152
Very liberal	6	9	14	72	124
voter registration status
Yes	20	22	21	37	759
No	15	31	28	26	246

C18: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	41	21	18	20	481
Female	51	21	11	17	502
Another gender	89	11	0	0	12
age
18-29	55	24	9	12	211
30-44	50	19	15	17	248
45-59	44	23	17	16	241
60+	40	20	14	26	305
education
Less than HS	31	36	12	21	90
HS graduate	35	27	17	22	282
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	47	19	16	18	266
Bachelor's degree	60	18	8	14	202
Post grad study/professional degree	58	11	13	18	159
income
Less than $30k	40	27	12	21	265
$30k to less than $50k	44	22	13	20	160
$50k to less than $75k	52	19	12	17	176
$75k to less than $100k	37	25	18	20	127
$100k or more	55	16	16	14	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	25	24	20	31	442
Independent	32	28	13	27	100
Democrat	70	17	8	4	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	23	22	23	32	291
Independent	46	24	11	18	412
Democrat	70	17	8	5	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	23	22	23	32	291
Lean Republican	29	28	13	29	151
Independent	32	28	13	27	100
Lean Democrat	70	19	8	3	161
Democrat	70	17	8	5	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	15	20	27	38	186
Weak Republican	38	24	16	22	105
Lean Republican	29	28	13	29	151
Independent	32	28	13	27	100
Lean Democrat	70	19	8	3	161
Weak Democrat	67	17	13	3	130
Strong Democrat	72	16	5	7	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	48	21	14	17	609
Black Non-Hispanic	39	24	17	20	120
Hispanic	50	20	13	16	169
Other	43	22	12	23	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	22	17	49	57
Once a week	31	18	19	31	141
Once or twice a month	27	25	20	28	82
A few times a year	42	30	16	11	186
Seldom	46	24	15	15	249
Never	69	14	7	11	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	17	21	20	43	232
Mainline Protestant	42	24	19	15	183
Roman Catholic	51	25	11	13	193
No religion	72	14	8	6	303
Other religion	37	33	12	18	93
ideology
Very conservative	12	20	19	50	118
Somewhat conservative	22	24	27	28	224
Moderate	49	27	13	11	382
Somewhat liberal	81	12	2	5	152
Very liberal	77	13	2	8	124
voter registration status
Yes	48	21	15	17	759
No	43	23	11	23	245

C19: Dobbs decision overturning Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	24	15	19	42	481
Female	18	9	15	58	502
Another gender	0	0	0	100	12
age
18-29	18	14	17	51	211
30-44	17	17	18	48	248
45-59	21	9	18	51	241
60+	24	10	14	51	305
education
Less than HS	19	9	39	32	90
HS graduate	22	15	22	41	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	24	12	13	52	266
Bachelor's degree	17	10	9	65	202
Post grad study/professional degree	17	13	11	59	159
income
Less than $30k	20	15	20	45	265
$30k to less than $50k	12	11	18	58	160
$50k to less than $75k	19	13	17	51	176
$75k to less than $100k	29	12	12	47	128
$100k or more	22	11	14	53	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	38	17	21	24	442
Independent	19	13	24	45	100
Democrat	5	8	11	76	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	39	16	18	27	291
Independent	19	13	22	46	412
Democrat	5	8	8	79	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	39	16	18	27	291
Lean Republican	35	21	25	19	151
Independent	19	13	24	45	100
Lean Democrat	4	7	18	71	161
Democrat	5	8	8	79	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	48	18	17	17	186
Weak Republican	21	13	22	45	105
Lean Republican	35	21	25	19	151
Independent	19	13	24	45	100
Lean Democrat	4	7	18	71	161
Weak Democrat	7	9	13	70	130
Strong Democrat	4	7	3	86	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	23	11	16	50	609
Black Non-Hispanic	10	14	13	63	120
Hispanic	17	14	18	51	169
Other	17	18	27	39	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	53	10	12	24	57
Once a week	34	11	17	38	141
Once or twice a month	26	18	16	39	82
A few times a year	12	17	25	46	186
Seldom	18	15	19	48	249
Never	13	7	10	70	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	41	7	21	30	232
Mainline Protestant	24	16	16	45	183
Roman Catholic	16	19	16	49	193
No religion	6	9	13	71	303
Other religion	18	14	20	48	93
ideology
Very conservative	61	10	11	17	118
Somewhat conservative	37	22	20	21	224
Moderate	8	14	24	54	382
Somewhat liberal	9	5	5	80	152
Very liberal	5	1	6	88	124
voter registration status
Yes	19	13	14	53	759
No	24	10	24	42	246

C20: 2nd amendment expansion

In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that, subject to some restrictions, the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	48	25	14	13	481
Female	34	31	20	15	502
Another gender	0	50	40	10	12
age
18-29	32	29	24	15	211
30-44	39	31	15	15	248
45-59	45	34	14	6	241
60+	43	22	17	18	305
education
Less than HS	40	33	17	10	90
HS graduate	49	25	14	11	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	44	28	16	12	266
Bachelor's degree	30	36	19	15	202
Post grad study/professional degree	33	24	21	23	159
income
Less than $30k	32	34	21	13	265
$30k to less than $50k	41	27	19	13	160
$50k to less than $75k	35	37	14	15	176
$75k to less than $100k	50	23	15	12	128
$100k or more	46	23	17	15	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	67	22	7	4	442
Independent	35	24	25	16	100
Democrat	16	36	26	22	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	69	21	7	3	291
Independent	40	29	20	12	412
Democrat	14	36	24	26	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	69	21	7	3	291
Lean Republican	63	25	6	7	151
Independent	35	24	25	16	100
Lean Democrat	21	36	30	13	161
Democrat	14	36	24	26	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	77	14	5	3	186
Weak Republican	54	32	12	3	105
Lean Republican	63	25	6	7	151
Independent	35	24	25	16	100
Lean Democrat	21	36	30	13	161
Weak Democrat	17	38	27	19	130
Strong Democrat	12	35	22	32	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	46	26	16	13	609
Black Non-Hispanic	27	38	20	14	120
Hispanic	32	32	20	16	169
Other	32	27	24	17	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	55	22	9	13	57
Once a week	44	33	13	10	141
Once or twice a month	43	26	20	10	82
A few times a year	41	28	19	12	186
Seldom	40	30	19	11	249
Never	35	28	18	20	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	56	26	13	6	232
Mainline Protestant	50	29	15	6	183
Roman Catholic	33	32	19	16	193
No religion	30	28	21	21	303
Other religion	32	31	20	17	93
ideology
Very conservative	81	12	5	2	118
Somewhat conservative	65	20	9	5	224
Moderate	27	39	20	14	382
Somewhat liberal	22	32	27	19	152
Very liberal	19	23	26	33	124
voter registration status
Yes	40	30	17	13	759
No	40	25	20	15	246

F1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Very conservative	Somewhat conservative	Moderate	Somewhat liberal	Very liberal	n
sex
Male	27	35	29	6	4	481
Female	28	26	36	8	3	502
Another gender	76	5	19	0	0	12
age
18-29	19	28	39	9	4	211
30-44	25	30	31	8	6	248
45-59	26	31	34	7	3	241
60+	37	31	28	3	1	305
education
Less than HS	10	28	49	11	2	90
HS graduate	22	27	35	11	5	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	25	30	34	8	4	266
Bachelor's degree	42	33	20	2	4	202
Post grad study/professional degree	34	34	31	1	0	159
income
Less than $30k	22	22	41	9	7	265
$30k to less than $50k	25	29	31	9	6	160
$50k to less than $75k	33	24	36	4	2	176
$75k to less than $100k	27	35	24	13	1	128
$100k or more	32	39	26	2	0	268
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	6	34	44	11	5	442
Independent	22	17	44	7	9	100
Democrat	49	29	18	2	1	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	8	30	50	10	2	291
Independent	24	33	30	7	6	412
Democrat	51	26	19	3	2	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	8	30	50	10	2	291
Lean Republican	2	42	33	13	10	151
Independent	22	17	44	7	9	100
Lean Democrat	47	34	18	1	0	161
Democrat	51	26	19	3	2	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	7	29	53	9	3	186
Weak Republican	10	32	45	12	1	105
Lean Republican	2	42	33	13	10	151
Independent	22	17	44	7	9	100
Lean Democrat	47	34	18	1	0	161
Weak Democrat	30	32	31	4	1	130
Strong Democrat	66	21	9	2	2	172
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	27	32	31	8	1	609
Black Non-Hispanic	33	20	35	4	8	120
Hispanic	25	25	37	4	10	169
Other	27	37	27	7	1	93
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	29	47	12	0	57
Once a week	25	30	36	6	3	141
Once or twice a month	25	43	27	5	0	82
A few times a year	22	28	40	8	2	186
Seldom	28	27	34	7	4	249
Never	35	30	24	5	5	289
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	16	30	42	8	4	232
Mainline Protestant	23	28	37	8	4	183
Roman Catholic	26	33	34	6	1	193
No religion	39	30	22	5	4	303
Other religion	33	28	29	7	3	93
ideology
Very conservative	9	36	44	8	2	118
Somewhat conservative	7	36	42	10	5	224
Moderate	25	28	37	6	4	382
Somewhat liberal	50	24	22	2	1	152
Very liberal	64	24	5	5	3	124
voter registration status
Yes	32	30	30	6	2	759
No	14	31	39	9	7	246