Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll October 1 - 10, 2024

among all adults

Court items only

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove	n
sex
Male	15	39	22	24	483
Female	7	30	36	26	500
Another gender	0	0	5	95	7
age
18-29	4	30	38	28	217
30-44	9	29	34	27	242
45-59	11	44	25	21	236
60+	16	33	24	27	309
education
Less than HS	8	53	30	8	88
HS graduate	10	41	31	18	282
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	12	31	29	28	261
Bachelor's degree	12	30	29	29	216
Post grad study/professional degree	8	22	29	41	153
income
Less than $30k	8	31	43	18	270
$30k to less than $50k	7	45	22	26	171
$50k to less than $75k	15	33	26	26	175
$75k to less than $100k	9	30	23	38	142
$100k or more	14	33	26	27	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	20	48	24	8	442
Independent	7	35	32	27	100
Democrat	2	21	34	43	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	49	24	7	291
Independent	10	31	33	26	412
Democrat	2	24	30	44	301
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	49	24	7	291
Lean Republican	21	45	25	10	151
Independent	7	35	32	27	100
Lean Democrat	2	15	42	41	161
Democrat	2	24	30	44	301
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	23	52	22	3	196
Weak Republican	13	45	29	13	95
Lean Republican	21	45	25	10	151
Independent	7	35	32	27	100
Lean Democrat	2	15	42	41	161
Weak Democrat	2	30	37	30	118
Strong Democrat	3	20	25	53	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	12	36	28	24	624
Black Non-Hispanic	7	27	32	35	113
Hispanic	10	35	32	23	165
Other	7	34	27	32	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	23	29	36	12	60
Once a week	15	43	25	17	167
Once or twice a month	16	39	24	21	69
A few times a year	10	35	29	26	137
Seldom	10	36	31	23	256
Never	5	28	31	36	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	19	39	32	10	233
Mainline Protestant	8	33	34	26	199
Roman Catholic	14	38	27	21	146
No religion	5	30	31	34	293
Other religion	9	31	19	40	131
ideology
Very conservative	26	50	15	9	144
Somewhat conservative	22	43	27	8	230
Moderate	5	37	36	22	358
Somewhat liberal	1	22	32	44	162
Very liberal	0	4	27	69	111
voter registration status
Yes	12	33	29	27	744
No	7	38	32	23	260

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
	Approve	Disapprove	n
sex
Male	54	46	483
Female	37	63	500
Another gender	0	100	7
age
18-29	34	66	217
30-44	38	62	242
45-59	55	45	236
60+	49	51	309
education
Less than HS	62	38	88
HS graduate	51	49	282
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	43	57	261
Bachelor's degree	42	58	216
Post grad study/professional degree	30	70	153
income
Less than $30k	39	61	270
$30k to less than $50k	52	48	171
$50k to less than $75k	47	53	175
$75k to less than $100k	39	61	142
$100k or more	47	53	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	68	32	442
Independent	41	59	100
Democrat	23	77	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	69	31	291
Independent	41	59	412
Democrat	26	74	301
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	69	31	291
Lean Republican	65	35	151
Independent	41	59	100
Lean Democrat	17	83	161
Democrat	26	74	301
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	75	25	196
Weak Republican	57	43	95
Lean Republican	65	35	151
Independent	41	59	100
Lean Democrat	17	83	161
Weak Democrat	32	68	118
Strong Democrat	23	77	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	48	52	624
Black Non-Hispanic	33	67	113
Hispanic	45	55	165
Other	41	59	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	52	48	60
Once a week	58	42	167
Once or twice a month	55	45	69
A few times a year	45	55	137
Seldom	46	54	256
Never	33	67	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	58	42	233
Mainline Protestant	41	59	199
Roman Catholic	52	48	146
No religion	35	65	293
Other religion	41	59	131
ideology
Very conservative	76	24	144
Somewhat conservative	65	35	230
Moderate	41	59	358
Somewhat liberal	23	77	162
Very liberal	4	96	111
voter registration status
Yes	45	55	744
No	45	55	260

C2: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	10	22	34	21	12	483
Female	7	16	34	29	14	500
Another gender	0	0	0	41	59	7
age
18-29	8	14	34	32	13	218
30-44	7	15	34	27	17	242
45-59	6	19	45	18	12	236
60+	12	25	25	24	14	309
education
Less than HS	11	25	36	25	4	88
HS graduate	10	20	36	24	10	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	7	21	32	23	16	261
Bachelor's degree	9	17	33	26	15	216
Post grad study/professional degree	5	10	33	31	20	153
income
Less than $30k	10	15	32	33	10	270
$30k to less than $50k	9	23	33	22	13	171
$50k to less than $75k	8	21	37	20	15	175
$75k to less than $100k	5	15	37	22	20	142
$100k or more	9	22	31	25	13	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	13	32	38	12	5	442
Independent	5	13	36	31	15	100
Democrat	4	7	30	36	22	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	12	37	35	12	4	291
Independent	7	13	37	28	15	412
Democrat	6	9	28	35	22	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	12	37	35	12	4	291
Lean Republican	15	22	43	13	7	151
Independent	5	13	36	31	15	100
Lean Democrat	2	4	32	39	22	161
Democrat	6	9	28	35	22	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	13	41	36	8	2	196
Weak Republican	10	29	34	19	8	95
Lean Republican	15	22	43	13	7	151
Independent	5	13	36	31	15	100
Lean Democrat	2	4	32	39	22	161
Weak Democrat	4	14	28	39	15	118
Strong Democrat	7	6	29	33	26	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	22	33	25	12	624
Black Non-Hispanic	6	9	35	31	19	113
Hispanic	12	16	41	19	12	165
Other	8	13	28	28	23	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	14	22	37	23	3	60
Once a week	12	22	36	22	7	167
Once or twice a month	17	24	36	13	9	69
A few times a year	6	21	36	24	12	137
Seldom	6	24	27	28	15	256
Never	6	10	37	28	20	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	8	30	34	22	5	233
Mainline Protestant	5	23	35	21	15	199
Roman Catholic	19	16	35	20	9	146
No religion	5	11	35	32	18	294
Other religion	8	13	27	28	24	131
ideology
Very conservative	15	36	32	12	5	144
Somewhat conservative	16	32	35	14	4	230
Moderate	5	15	41	27	13	358
Somewhat liberal	3	6	29	40	22	162
Very liberal	4	2	17	39	38	111
voter registration status
Yes	8	21	33	24	14	744
No	8	14	37	28	13	260

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	3	10	34	39	13	483
Female	4	8	41	36	10	500
Another gender	0	0	69	23	7	7
age
18-29	5	15	31	35	14	218
30-44	5	7	38	33	17	242
45-59	4	6	43	35	12	236
60+	2	9	39	43	7	309
education
Less than HS	3	21	48	27	2	88
HS graduate	5	9	38	37	11	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	5	8	35	37	16	261
Bachelor's degree	1	5	38	40	16	216
Post grad study/professional degree	2	10	38	41	8	153
income
Less than $30k	5	12	37	37	9	270
$30k to less than $50k	5	10	38	34	13	171
$50k to less than $75k	4	3	38	40	14	175
$75k to less than $100k	2	5	43	35	14	142
$100k or more	2	12	36	38	12	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	3	9	39	36	14	442
Independent	6	5	26	47	16	100
Democrat	4	10	40	36	9	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	2	11	44	35	8	291
Independent	4	5	31	42	18	412
Democrat	5	13	42	33	7	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	2	11	44	35	8	291
Lean Republican	3	5	28	38	26	151
Independent	6	5	26	47	16	100
Lean Democrat	2	5	37	42	13	161
Democrat	5	13	42	33	7	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	2	10	46	35	7	196
Weak Republican	4	11	40	34	10	95
Lean Republican	3	5	28	38	26	151
Independent	6	5	26	47	16	100
Lean Democrat	2	5	37	42	13	161
Weak Democrat	1	19	34	38	8	118
Strong Democrat	7	10	46	31	6	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	2	8	37	42	12	624
Black Non-Hispanic	9	9	46	27	9	113
Hispanic	4	14	45	24	13	165
Other	6	12	26	44	11	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	9	4	43	40	4	60
Once a week	2	14	32	43	9	167
Once or twice a month	9	17	41	22	11	69
A few times a year	5	11	41	37	7	137
Seldom	2	7	44	36	12	256
Never	3	7	34	38	18	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	3	9	45	38	6	233
Mainline Protestant	5	9	35	41	10	199
Roman Catholic	5	13	39	30	13	146
No religion	2	6	40	36	16	294
Other religion	4	13	27	41	15	131
ideology
Very conservative	6	11	36	35	13	144
Somewhat conservative	4	9	39	36	11	230
Moderate	2	10	39	38	11	358
Somewhat liberal	4	8	36	40	12	162
Very liberal	4	5	40	35	16	111
voter registration status
Yes	3	9	38	38	11	744
No	5	8	38	35	14	260

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	10	17	37	22	13	483
Female	11	15	36	24	14	500
Another gender	0	0	74	19	7	7
age
18-29	8	11	35	33	12	218
30-44	8	12	39	26	15	242
45-59	11	12	44	19	13	236
60+	15	24	30	18	13	309
education
Less than HS	19	14	43	17	7	88
HS graduate	10	15	33	26	16	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	11	14	36	23	16	261
Bachelor's degree	6	17	34	30	13	216
Post grad study/professional degree	13	18	45	15	9	153
income
Less than $30k	14	14	35	24	13	270
$30k to less than $50k	13	14	41	20	12	171
$50k to less than $75k	8	13	36	26	17	175
$75k to less than $100k	6	19	39	24	12	142
$100k or more	10	19	35	23	13	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	5	12	33	29	22	442
Independent	5	8	35	28	23	100
Democrat	17	22	41	17	3	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	6	13	35	30	16	291
Independent	5	11	37	27	19	412
Democrat	23	25	37	12	3	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	6	13	35	30	16	291
Lean Republican	4	9	28	26	32	151
Independent	5	8	35	28	23	100
Lean Democrat	6	16	47	27	4	161
Democrat	23	25	37	12	3	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	9	8	37	27	19	196
Weak Republican	1	23	31	35	10	95
Lean Republican	4	9	28	26	32	151
Independent	5	8	35	28	23	100
Lean Democrat	6	16	47	27	4	161
Weak Democrat	12	19	48	15	6	118
Strong Democrat	29	28	31	10	1	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	8	17	35	26	13	624
Black Non-Hispanic	17	21	42	16	4	113
Hispanic	16	9	38	20	17	165
Other	11	15	32	21	20	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	12	29	24	25	60
Once a week	15	13	35	23	14	167
Once or twice a month	10	22	35	26	6	69
A few times a year	9	14	48	25	5	137
Seldom	12	15	36	22	15	256
Never	8	18	35	23	15	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	8	13	41	25	14	233
Mainline Protestant	16	17	35	17	16	199
Roman Catholic	19	12	36	21	12	146
No religion	7	16	39	27	11	294
Other religion	6	23	29	27	15	131
ideology
Very conservative	11	8	27	29	25	144
Somewhat conservative	8	14	33	27	18	230
Moderate	13	15	42	21	10	358
Somewhat liberal	7	22	43	19	9	162
Very liberal	14	23	33	24	6	111
voter registration status
Yes	12	18	35	22	14	744
No	8	9	43	28	12	260

C5: Confidence in national news media

[The national news media] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	3	11	30	27	30	483
Female	5	11	34	26	24	500
Another gender	0	0	52	44	4	7
age
18-29	4	11	35	23	27	218
30-44	4	7	32	35	22	242
45-59	4	10	31	24	30	236
60+	5	13	30	25	27	309
education
Less than HS	6	16	45	21	11	88
HS graduate	4	10	30	23	32	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	4	9	27	28	32	261
Bachelor's degree	2	8	30	31	28	216
Post grad study/professional degree	6	12	39	28	15	153
income
Less than $30k	6	12	32	26	24	270
$30k to less than $50k	4	10	35	25	26	171
$50k to less than $75k	3	10	33	28	26	175
$75k to less than $100k	3	9	36	28	24	142
$100k or more	5	10	24	28	32	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	2	4	19	30	46	442
Independent	4	8	30	27	31	100
Democrat	7	18	45	23	8	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	1	5	21	33	40	291
Independent	4	7	32	23	34	412
Democrat	8	21	42	25	4	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	1	5	21	33	40	291
Lean Republican	2	1	14	24	58	151
Independent	4	8	30	27	31	100
Lean Democrat	5	12	51	19	13	161
Democrat	8	21	42	25	4	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	2	3	21	31	43	196
Weak Republican	0	8	21	38	33	95
Lean Republican	2	1	14	24	58	151
Independent	4	8	30	27	31	100
Lean Democrat	5	12	51	19	13	161
Weak Democrat	1	25	34	34	6	118
Strong Democrat	12	18	47	20	3	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	3	10	25	31	31	624
Black Non-Hispanic	11	14	47	21	8	113
Hispanic	5	12	36	17	30	165
Other	4	6	49	21	20	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	9	4	23	20	44	60
Once a week	5	13	25	32	25	167
Once or twice a month	6	20	33	25	16	69
A few times a year	7	10	35	21	27	137
Seldom	2	12	36	26	25	256
Never	4	7	33	28	28	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	3	6	26	31	33	233
Mainline Protestant	4	17	31	25	23	199
Roman Catholic	8	14	30	21	27	146
No religion	3	10	34	28	25	294
Other religion	6	7	41	24	23	131
ideology
Very conservative	5	0	20	19	55	144
Somewhat conservative	4	8	16	31	41	230
Moderate	3	15	40	26	16	358
Somewhat liberal	5	14	38	28	16	162
Very liberal	8	10	45	28	9	111
voter registration status
Yes	5	11	29	29	27	744
No	3	9	42	19	27	260

C5B: Confidence in the Secret Service

[The U.S. Secret Service] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
	A great deal	Quite a lot	Some	Very little	None at all	n
sex
Male	11	18	38	22	11	483
Female	12	21	39	19	9	500
Another gender	0	48	41	8	3	7
age
18-29	15	17	37	20	10	218
30-44	9	13	48	20	11	242
45-59	11	18	38	26	8	236
60+	11	29	33	19	9	309
education
Less than HS	14	16	54	16	1	88
HS graduate	12	16	39	21	12	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	8	21	33	25	13	261
Bachelor's degree	11	21	37	22	8	216
Post grad study/professional degree	14	26	40	15	5	153
income
Less than $30k	13	17	41	21	8	270
$30k to less than $50k	9	20	40	23	8	171
$50k to less than $75k	9	18	41	20	12	175
$75k to less than $100k	9	21	43	18	9	142
$100k or more	14	22	30	22	11	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	7	11	38	29	14	442
Independent	6	16	38	24	17	100
Democrat	16	29	39	12	3	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	7	14	39	28	13	291
Independent	10	14	42	22	11	412
Democrat	17	33	35	12	3	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	7	14	39	28	13	291
Lean Republican	8	6	38	31	17	151
Independent	6	16	38	24	17	100
Lean Democrat	16	22	47	13	3	161
Democrat	17	33	35	12	3	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	5	12	38	32	13	196
Weak Republican	11	17	39	20	13	95
Lean Republican	8	6	38	31	17	151
Independent	6	16	38	24	17	100
Lean Democrat	16	22	47	13	3	161
Weak Democrat	15	24	39	15	6	118
Strong Democrat	17	39	33	10	1	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	9	20	39	21	10	624
Black Non-Hispanic	12	25	40	19	4	113
Hispanic	12	17	39	22	10	165
Other	20	15	36	20	8	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	12	47	18	11	60
Once a week	7	18	44	23	8	167
Once or twice a month	13	31	38	13	6	69
A few times a year	10	21	37	22	11	137
Seldom	9	23	39	20	9	256
Never	15	17	36	22	10	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	6	13	50	22	9	233
Mainline Protestant	11	24	33	20	13	199
Roman Catholic	13	20	37	19	11	146
No religion	10	21	39	23	7	294
Other religion	22	21	30	18	9	131
ideology
Very conservative	11	8	35	29	16	144
Somewhat conservative	6	15	39	26	14	230
Moderate	9	22	42	20	7	358
Somewhat liberal	16	26	39	13	6	162
Very liberal	21	27	34	12	5	111
voter registration status
Yes	11	22	37	20	10	744
No	12	14	43	22	9	260

C6: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
	Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents	Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents	Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents	n
sex
Male	3	15	39	43	483
Female	6	20	46	28	500
Another gender	0	0	59	41	7
age
18-29	9	20	45	26	218
30-44	4	24	40	32	242
45-59	3	15	42	40	236
60+	3	12	43	41	309
education
Less than HS	12	30	43	15	88
HS graduate	6	21	44	29	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	4	16	45	35	261
Bachelor's degree	3	9	45	43	216
Post grad study/professional degree	1	17	33	49	153
income
Less than $30k	9	22	44	25	270
$30k to less than $50k	4	22	45	29	171
$50k to less than $75k	2	15	44	39	175
$75k to less than $100k	3	15	42	40	142
$100k or more	2	13	38	47	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	4	20	45	31	442
Independent	2	33	38	26	100
Democrat	6	12	42	41	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	4	23	43	30	291
Independent	4	17	44	36	412
Democrat	6	12	41	40	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	4	23	43	30	291
Lean Republican	4	14	48	35	151
Independent	2	33	38	26	100
Lean Democrat	4	10	43	42	161
Democrat	6	12	41	40	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	5	21	48	26	196
Weak Republican	2	29	33	37	95
Lean Republican	4	14	48	35	151
Independent	2	33	38	26	100
Lean Democrat	4	10	43	42	161
Weak Democrat	3	17	53	27	118
Strong Democrat	9	10	34	48	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	3	16	46	35	624
Black Non-Hispanic	6	21	39	34	113
Hispanic	8	23	36	34	165
Other	6	18	40	36	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	2	29	41	28	60
Once a week	6	17	43	34	167
Once or twice a month	4	20	50	26	69
A few times a year	5	19	45	31	137
Seldom	3	18	44	35	256
Never	5	14	40	41	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	4	19	51	25	233
Mainline Protestant	4	23	39	34	199
Roman Catholic	7	17	37	39	146
No religion	5	13	42	39	294
Other religion	1	17	40	42	131
ideology
Very conservative	7	22	36	35	144
Somewhat conservative	1	23	46	30	230
Moderate	5	20	45	29	358
Somewhat liberal	5	8	45	42	162
Very liberal	4	6	33	57	111
voter registration status
Yes	4	16	40	39	744
No	5	22	49	23	260

C7: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all	n
sex
Male	21	57	21	483
Female	17	65	18	500
Another gender	52	39	9	7
age
18-29	12	65	23	218
30-44	16	61	23	242
45-59	17	60	23	236
60+	28	58	13	309
education
Less than HS	12	57	30	88
HS graduate	16	59	25	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	22	60	18	261
Bachelor's degree	18	70	12	216
Post grad study/professional degree	25	55	20	153
income
Less than $30k	18	57	26	270
$30k to less than $50k	19	56	25	171
$50k to less than $75k	21	62	17	175
$75k to less than $100k	23	65	11	142
$100k or more	18	66	16	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	14	64	22	442
Independent	16	55	28	100
Democrat	25	59	16	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	15	66	19	291
Independent	17	58	25	412
Democrat	26	60	14	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	15	66	19	291
Lean Republican	13	60	27	151
Independent	16	55	28	100
Lean Democrat	22	58	20	161
Democrat	26	60	14	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	17	64	19	196
Weak Republican	11	69	20	95
Lean Republican	13	60	27	151
Independent	16	55	28	100
Lean Democrat	22	58	20	161
Weak Democrat	10	71	19	118
Strong Democrat	37	53	11	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	16	63	22	624
Black Non-Hispanic	32	59	8	113
Hispanic	18	54	27	165
Other	25	65	10	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	28	51	21	60
Once a week	13	67	20	167
Once or twice a month	21	56	23	69
A few times a year	21	72	7	137
Seldom	22	57	21	256
Never	18	59	24	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	17	64	19	233
Mainline Protestant	25	51	25	199
Roman Catholic	19	69	12	146
No religion	16	61	23	294
Other religion	24	60	16	131
ideology
Very conservative	16	66	18	144
Somewhat conservative	19	60	21	230
Moderate	18	57	25	358
Somewhat liberal	18	64	18	162
Very liberal	28	64	7	111
voter registration status
Yes	21	61	17	744
No	13	59	28	260

C8: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
	Mainly politics	Mainly the law	n
sex
Male	51	49	483
Female	59	41	500
Another gender	100	0	7
age
18-29	67	33	218
30-44	66	34	242
45-59	44	56	236
60+	48	52	309
education
Less than HS	45	55	88
HS graduate	54	46	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	56	44	261
Bachelor's degree	57	43	216
Post grad study/professional degree	64	36	153
income
Less than $30k	62	38	270
$30k to less than $50k	54	46	171
$50k to less than $75k	53	47	175
$75k to less than $100k	58	42	142
$100k or more	49	51	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	38	62	442
Independent	52	48	100
Democrat	73	27	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	38	62	291
Independent	54	46	412
Democrat	74	26	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	38	62	291
Lean Republican	38	62	151
Independent	52	48	100
Lean Democrat	70	30	161
Democrat	74	26	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	33	67	196
Weak Republican	50	50	95
Lean Republican	38	62	151
Independent	52	48	100
Lean Democrat	70	30	161
Weak Democrat	78	22	118
Strong Democrat	72	28	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	52	48	624
Black Non-Hispanic	64	36	113
Hispanic	60	40	165
Other	63	37	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	42	58	60
Once a week	48	52	167
Once or twice a month	45	55	69
A few times a year	59	41	137
Seldom	55	45	256
Never	63	37	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	48	52	233
Mainline Protestant	59	41	199
Roman Catholic	46	54	146
No religion	63	37	294
Other religion	56	44	131
ideology
Very conservative	33	67	144
Somewhat conservative	41	59	230
Moderate	60	40	358
Somewhat liberal	68	32	162
Very liberal	84	16	111
voter registration status
Yes	52	48	744
No	66	34	260

C9: Justice ethical standards

[U.S. Supreme Court Justices] Please tell me how you would rate the honesty and ethical standards of people in these different fields--very high, high, average, low, or very low?
	Very high	High	Average	Low	Very low	n
sex
Male	8	24	40	14	14	483
Female	5	17	38	30	9	500
Another gender	0	0	0	24	76	7
age
18-29	4	9	48	27	11	218
30-44	3	20	40	18	20	242
45-59	8	24	37	18	13	236
60+	10	26	30	24	9	309
education
Less than HS	11	18	52	15	4	88
HS graduate	8	20	41	19	11	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	5	25	32	21	16	261
Bachelor's degree	5	21	34	26	14	216
Post grad study/professional degree	5	13	40	29	14	153
income
Less than $30k	9	10	42	25	14	270
$30k to less than $50k	7	28	32	20	13	171
$50k to less than $75k	3	25	39	19	14	175
$75k to less than $100k	2	26	31	25	15	142
$100k or more	8	21	42	20	9	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	10	33	42	12	3	442
Independent	4	12	44	25	16	100
Democrat	4	10	34	31	22	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	10	35	41	11	3	291
Independent	5	19	38	24	14	412
Democrat	4	9	35	30	21	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	10	35	41	11	3	291
Lean Republican	9	29	43	15	4	151
Independent	4	12	44	25	16	100
Lean Democrat	2	13	30	32	23	161
Democrat	4	9	35	30	21	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	13	40	35	10	1	196
Weak Republican	5	24	54	13	5	95
Lean Republican	9	29	43	15	4	151
Independent	4	12	44	25	16	100
Lean Democrat	2	13	30	32	23	161
Weak Democrat	1	12	43	26	17	118
Strong Democrat	6	8	30	33	23	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	7	24	36	21	12	624
Black Non-Hispanic	4	12	44	21	20	113
Hispanic	9	19	39	25	9	165
Other	4	9	46	27	14	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	22	35	25	6	60
Once a week	9	22	45	16	8	167
Once or twice a month	6	28	44	9	12	69
A few times a year	4	18	45	20	13	137
Seldom	7	23	38	18	13	256
Never	4	16	31	32	17	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	9	25	46	14	6	233
Mainline Protestant	6	19	42	18	15	199
Roman Catholic	12	21	40	21	6	146
No religion	3	18	33	27	19	294
Other religion	4	19	28	32	17	131
ideology
Very conservative	12	34	40	8	5	144
Somewhat conservative	13	35	38	11	3	230
Moderate	3	16	43	24	13	358
Somewhat liberal	2	9	37	36	17	162
Very liberal	1	2	24	36	36	111
voter registration status
Yes	8	22	36	21	13	744
No	3	15	45	25	11	260

C10: Increase # of justices

[Increase the number of justices on the US Supreme Court] How much do you favor or oppose the following proposals affecting the Supreme Court?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	15	35	18	33	483
Female	22	35	26	17	500
Another gender	23	35	41	0	7
age
18-29	20	48	22	10	218
30-44	20	36	31	14	242
45-59	15	33	22	30	236
60+	18	27	15	39	309
education
Less than HS	31	50	7	12	88
HS graduate	11	39	26	24	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	24	33	16	27	261
Bachelor's degree	12	33	28	27	216
Post grad study/professional degree	23	26	25	26	153
income
Less than $30k	23	38	25	14	270
$30k to less than $50k	12	49	16	23	171
$50k to less than $75k	18	34	20	28	175
$75k to less than $100k	16	28	29	27	142
$100k or more	19	29	18	34	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	10	25	20	45	442
Independent	19	37	26	19	100
Democrat	26	45	22	6	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	8	27	21	43	291
Independent	18	32	25	24	412
Democrat	28	47	18	6	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	8	27	21	43	291
Lean Republican	13	21	19	47	151
Independent	19	37	26	19	100
Lean Democrat	23	40	30	7	161
Democrat	28	47	18	6	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	7	24	21	48	196
Weak Republican	11	33	22	34	95
Lean Republican	13	21	19	47	151
Independent	19	37	26	19	100
Lean Democrat	23	40	30	7	161
Weak Democrat	10	62	23	5	118
Strong Democrat	40	38	16	6	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	13	32	22	32	624
Black Non-Hispanic	26	39	29	6	113
Hispanic	25	40	17	17	165
Other	34	39	19	8	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	19	44	17	21	60
Once a week	18	23	25	34	167
Once or twice a month	14	37	30	19	69
A few times a year	17	44	19	21	137
Seldom	17	39	17	27	256
Never	21	33	25	21	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	12	34	27	27	233
Mainline Protestant	13	41	18	28	199
Roman Catholic	19	30	20	30	146
No religion	19	38	24	18	294
Other religion	35	29	16	20	131
ideology
Very conservative	15	22	14	49	144
Somewhat conservative	9	26	19	47	230
Moderate	17	45	24	14	358
Somewhat liberal	21	38	32	9	162
Very liberal	42	38	17	3	111
voter registration status
Yes	17	32	21	30	744
No	21	45	25	9	260

C11: fixed terms

[Have judges serve a fixed term on the court rather than serving life terms] How much do you favor or oppose the following proposals affecting the Supreme Court?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	47	31	12	9	483
Female	56	30	10	4	500
Another gender	62	38	0	0	7
age
18-29	54	33	9	4	218
30-44	56	27	14	3	242
45-59	53	28	10	9	236
60+	47	34	11	9	309
education
Less than HS	50	36	12	3	88
HS graduate	42	38	14	6	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	54	29	10	7	261
Bachelor's degree	52	28	11	9	216
Post grad study/professional degree	69	19	6	6	153
income
Less than $30k	48	35	11	5	270
$30k to less than $50k	46	35	14	6	171
$50k to less than $75k	52	30	10	8	175
$75k to less than $100k	56	27	12	5	142
$100k or more	57	25	9	9	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	38	33	17	13	442
Independent	55	31	11	3	100
Democrat	65	28	5	1	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	38	34	17	11	291
Independent	49	35	10	7	412
Democrat	70	22	6	2	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	38	34	17	11	291
Lean Republican	38	30	16	16	151
Independent	55	31	11	3	100
Lean Democrat	56	41	3	0	161
Democrat	70	22	6	2	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	33	35	20	12	196
Weak Republican	48	31	12	9	95
Lean Republican	38	30	16	16	151
Independent	55	31	11	3	100
Lean Democrat	56	41	3	0	161
Weak Democrat	68	24	8	1	118
Strong Democrat	72	20	5	3	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	48	33	10	8	624
Black Non-Hispanic	55	34	7	4	113
Hispanic	57	19	18	7	165
Other	66	25	7	1	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	37	49	6	9	60
Once a week	48	29	12	11	167
Once or twice a month	38	36	18	8	69
A few times a year	53	33	11	4	137
Seldom	56	27	8	8	256
Never	57	28	12	3	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	38	38	15	9	233
Mainline Protestant	52	26	16	6	199
Roman Catholic	52	26	9	13	146
No religion	59	30	7	4	294
Other religion	61	31	6	2	131
ideology
Very conservative	35	30	20	15	144
Somewhat conservative	34	35	19	13	230
Moderate	53	35	8	4	358
Somewhat liberal	71	25	4	0	162
Very liberal	83	15	2	0	111
voter registration status
Yes	52	29	10	8	744
No	53	34	12	2	260

C12: Enforce ethics code

[Enforce a strict ethics code for Supreme Court justices] How much do you favor or oppose the following proposals affecting the Supreme Court?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	62	28	8	2	483
Female	64	27	9	1	500
Another gender	100	0	0	0	7
age
18-29	58	30	10	2	218
30-44	60	27	12	1	242
45-59	59	27	12	2	236
60+	71	25	2	2	309
education
Less than HS	46	44	9	1	88
HS graduate	52	35	11	2	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	65	26	8	1	261
Bachelor's degree	72	19	6	3	216
Post grad study/professional degree	75	16	8	1	153
income
Less than $30k	55	27	17	1	270
$30k to less than $50k	57	37	3	3	171
$50k to less than $75k	63	31	4	2	175
$75k to less than $100k	69	21	9	1	142
$100k or more	72	21	5	2	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	55	33	9	3	442
Independent	60	21	17	2	100
Democrat	71	22	7	0	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	56	33	9	2	291
Independent	61	27	11	2	412
Democrat	72	21	6	1	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	56	33	9	2	291
Lean Republican	53	33	10	4	151
Independent	60	21	17	2	100
Lean Democrat	68	24	7	0	161
Democrat	72	21	6	1	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	54	35	9	2	196
Weak Republican	59	29	10	3	95
Lean Republican	53	33	10	4	151
Independent	60	21	17	2	100
Lean Democrat	68	24	7	0	161
Weak Democrat	62	30	8	1	118
Strong Democrat	78	16	5	1	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	63	28	7	2	624
Black Non-Hispanic	61	26	13	0	113
Hispanic	57	26	13	3	165
Other	71	26	3	1	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	55	39	3	3	60
Once a week	56	34	7	3	167
Once or twice a month	62	27	10	1	69
A few times a year	63	28	8	1	137
Seldom	65	25	9	1	256
Never	66	22	11	1	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	53	37	7	3	233
Mainline Protestant	66	23	11	0	199
Roman Catholic	61	28	7	3	146
No religion	67	20	11	1	294
Other religion	66	27	6	0	131
ideology
Very conservative	53	34	9	3	144
Somewhat conservative	55	30	11	4	230
Moderate	61	31	8	0	358
Somewhat liberal	67	22	10	0	162
Very liberal	90	7	3	0	111
voter registration status
Yes	66	24	8	2	744
No	54	35	10	1	260

C13: Personal importance of next justice

How important is the choice of the next Supreme Court justice to you personally?
	Very important	Somewhat important	Not too important	Not at all important	n
sex
Male	46	34	17	3	483
Female	49	38	12	2	500
Another gender	97	3	0	0	7
age
18-29	41	39	18	2	218
30-44	47	37	12	4	242
45-59	40	36	20	4	236
60+	59	32	8	1	309
education
Less than HS	36	34	28	2	88
HS graduate	35	43	17	5	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	58	30	11	1	261
Bachelor's degree	50	38	11	0	216
Post grad study/professional degree	59	27	10	3	153
income
Less than $30k	45	31	18	6	270
$30k to less than $50k	45	38	15	2	171
$50k to less than $75k	45	41	13	1	175
$75k to less than $100k	54	35	11	0	142
$100k or more	52	36	10	1	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	40	43	16	1	442
Independent	26	46	22	6	100
Democrat	60	26	11	3	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	42	43	14	1	291
Independent	41	37	18	4	412
Democrat	62	27	9	2	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	42	43	14	1	291
Lean Republican	36	44	19	1	151
Independent	26	46	22	6	100
Lean Democrat	56	24	14	6	161
Democrat	62	27	9	2	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	48	43	7	2	196
Weak Republican	31	41	28	1	95
Lean Republican	36	44	19	1	151
Independent	26	46	22	6	100
Lean Democrat	56	24	14	6	161
Weak Democrat	42	41	14	3	118
Strong Democrat	75	18	5	1	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	45	36	16	3	624
Black Non-Hispanic	56	35	8	1	113
Hispanic	49	32	17	2	165
Other	55	37	7	1	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	49	36	11	4	60
Once a week	47	42	11	1	167
Once or twice a month	38	49	12	0	69
A few times a year	50	37	10	2	137
Seldom	49	31	18	1	256
Never	48	31	15	5	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	43	45	11	1	233
Mainline Protestant	41	33	21	5	199
Roman Catholic	53	39	8	0	146
No religion	48	33	15	4	294
Other religion	62	24	14	1	131
ideology
Very conservative	59	32	8	1	144
Somewhat conservative	38	49	12	1	230
Moderate	36	38	21	5	358
Somewhat liberal	53	32	13	2	162
Very liberal	85	10	5	0	111
voter registration status
Yes	53	33	13	2	744
No	35	42	18	5	260

C14: Presidential immunity

In July, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, while there is no immunity for unofficial acts, former presidents have broad immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts as president. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	20	28	23	29	483
Female	9	23	28	41	500
Another gender	0	0	0	100	7
age
18-29	5	24	35	36	218
30-44	10	26	26	38	242
45-59	16	29	22	33	236
60+	22	22	20	36	309
education
Less than HS	16	44	15	26	88
HS graduate	17	29	29	26	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	15	21	26	38	261
Bachelor's degree	15	24	26	36	216
Post grad study/professional degree	6	15	23	56	153
income
Less than $30k	12	27	27	34	270
$30k to less than $50k	9	31	27	33	171
$50k to less than $75k	19	19	28	33	175
$75k to less than $100k	15	20	23	42	142
$100k or more	17	24	23	37	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	27	39	23	11	442
Independent	7	27	31	36	100
Democrat	3	11	26	60	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	28	43	22	7	291
Independent	11	22	28	38	412
Democrat	5	11	25	59	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	28	43	22	7	291
Lean Republican	24	32	27	17	151
Independent	7	27	31	36	100
Lean Democrat	1	11	28	60	161
Democrat	5	11	25	59	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	31	44	20	4	196
Weak Republican	22	39	25	14	95
Lean Republican	24	32	27	17	151
Independent	7	27	31	36	100
Lean Democrat	1	11	28	60	161
Weak Democrat	1	17	30	52	118
Strong Democrat	7	7	22	64	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	17	26	25	32	624
Black Non-Hispanic	7	19	23	52	113
Hispanic	11	26	24	38	165
Other	8	24	30	37	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	15	31	36	19	60
Once a week	17	25	24	34	167
Once or twice a month	14	31	24	32	69
A few times a year	13	26	23	38	137
Seldom	14	27	21	37	256
Never	13	20	29	38	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	16	32	27	25	233
Mainline Protestant	16	24	24	36	199
Roman Catholic	24	26	21	29	146
No religion	10	17	32	40	294
Other religion	6	30	13	51	131
ideology
Very conservative	35	38	20	7	144
Somewhat conservative	24	39	25	12	230
Moderate	8	23	28	41	358
Somewhat liberal	3	8	33	56	162
Very liberal	3	10	13	74	111
voter registration status
Yes	17	25	23	36	744
No	7	24	33	36	260

C15: Mifepristone restrictions

In June, the U.S. Supreme Court maintained access to a widely available abortion pill, mifepristone, rejecting a bid from a group seeking to undo the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of the pill. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	38	30	20	11	483
Female	39	25	19	17	500
Another gender	100	0	0	0	7
age
18-29	40	25	19	16	218
30-44	40	26	24	10	242
45-59	37	29	16	18	236
60+	39	29	20	12	309
education
Less than HS	13	35	38	13	88
HS graduate	29	27	25	18	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	41	28	15	16	261
Bachelor's degree	48	28	14	10	216
Post grad study/professional degree	57	22	14	7	153
income
Less than $30k	27	33	22	18	270
$30k to less than $50k	38	27	23	13	171
$50k to less than $75k	39	28	17	16	175
$75k to less than $100k	45	25	21	8	142
$100k or more	48	23	18	12	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	25	30	26	18	442
Independent	22	37	20	21	100
Democrat	56	22	13	8	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	22	29	32	18	291
Independent	40	30	17	14	412
Democrat	55	23	12	10	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	22	29	32	18	291
Lean Republican	31	34	16	19	151
Independent	22	37	20	21	100
Lean Democrat	59	21	16	4	161
Democrat	55	23	12	10	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	19	28	30	23	196
Weak Republican	27	30	35	8	95
Lean Republican	31	34	16	19	151
Independent	22	37	20	21	100
Lean Democrat	59	21	16	4	161
Weak Democrat	47	26	13	14	118
Strong Democrat	60	21	11	8	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	41	26	19	14	624
Black Non-Hispanic	32	32	21	15	113
Hispanic	31	31	23	16	165
Other	42	26	21	10	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	12	15	25	48	60
Once a week	23	31	25	21	167
Once or twice a month	33	32	17	18	69
A few times a year	38	32	25	5	137
Seldom	36	35	19	9	256
Never	57	18	15	10	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	19	31	23	26	233
Mainline Protestant	39	29	23	9	199
Roman Catholic	31	35	25	8	146
No religion	53	25	11	10	294
Other religion	50	15	22	13	131
ideology
Very conservative	14	19	32	35	144
Somewhat conservative	30	31	26	14	230
Moderate	33	37	19	11	358
Somewhat liberal	64	19	10	7	162
Very liberal	75	10	8	7	111
voter registration status
Yes	43	26	18	13	744
No	26	32	26	16	260

C16: Same-sex marriage right

In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	39	24	17	20	483
Female	50	17	14	19	500
Another gender	100	0	0	0	7
age
18-29	61	15	10	14	218
30-44	49	22	13	17	242
45-59	40	18	23	19	236
60+	36	24	15	25	309
education
Less than HS	30	26	17	27	88
HS graduate	34	19	21	25	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	50	19	12	19	261
Bachelor's degree	49	22	15	15	216
Post grad study/professional degree	61	18	10	11	153
income
Less than $30k	44	18	17	20	270
$30k to less than $50k	28	18	19	34	171
$50k to less than $75k	52	23	12	14	175
$75k to less than $100k	46	29	10	15	142
$100k or more	55	15	15	14	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	23	24	21	32	442
Independent	32	32	17	19	100
Democrat	69	14	10	7	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	20	22	24	34	291
Independent	48	22	13	17	412
Democrat	67	15	10	8	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	20	22	24	34	291
Lean Republican	29	28	15	28	151
Independent	32	32	17	19	100
Lean Democrat	74	11	10	5	161
Democrat	67	15	10	8	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	17	16	25	42	196
Weak Republican	26	34	23	17	95
Lean Republican	29	28	15	28	151
Independent	32	32	17	19	100
Lean Democrat	74	11	10	5	161
Weak Democrat	65	13	13	8	118
Strong Democrat	68	16	7	8	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	47	20	13	20	624
Black Non-Hispanic	33	29	19	18	113
Hispanic	40	16	23	21	165
Other	55	20	13	12	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	8	15	14	63	60
Once a week	23	20	19	37	167
Once or twice a month	33	24	16	26	69
A few times a year	44	23	20	14	137
Seldom	49	22	17	12	256
Never	65	18	10	8	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	14	20	21	45	233
Mainline Protestant	46	22	16	16	199
Roman Catholic	39	28	20	13	146
No religion	67	17	8	7	294
Other religion	58	16	15	12	131
ideology
Very conservative	11	11	21	58	144
Somewhat conservative	26	27	22	25	230
Moderate	41	27	19	13	358
Somewhat liberal	79	14	4	3	162
Very liberal	94	5	1	0	111
voter registration status
Yes	45	22	15	18	744
No	45	16	17	22	260

C17: Dobbs decision overturning Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	25	18	16	41	483
Female	22	10	13	55	500
Another gender	0	0	0	100	7
age
18-29	18	11	16	55	218
30-44	17	16	18	49	242
45-59	25	12	15	47	236
60+	29	16	10	46	309
education
Less than HS	10	26	26	38	88
HS graduate	28	17	16	40	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	27	11	11	51	261
Bachelor's degree	24	12	12	52	216
Post grad study/professional degree	11	12	15	62	153
income
Less than $30k	21	17	15	47	270
$30k to less than $50k	27	18	14	41	171
$50k to less than $75k	24	11	16	49	175
$75k to less than $100k	18	9	17	56	142
$100k or more	24	13	12	50	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	43	19	15	22	442
Independent	9	19	28	44	100
Democrat	6	8	10	75	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	45	18	15	22	291
Independent	19	15	17	49	412
Democrat	7	9	10	74	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	45	18	15	22	291
Lean Republican	39	23	15	23	151
Independent	9	19	28	44	100
Lean Democrat	6	6	11	77	161
Democrat	7	9	10	74	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	54	16	11	19	196
Weak Republican	27	21	23	29	95
Lean Republican	39	23	15	23	151
Independent	9	19	28	44	100
Lean Democrat	6	6	11	77	161
Weak Democrat	8	8	15	69	118
Strong Democrat	6	9	7	78	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	27	15	11	47	624
Black Non-Hispanic	11	14	17	58	113
Hispanic	20	14	21	45	165
Other	16	9	23	52	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	55	22	10	13	60
Once a week	36	11	13	40	167
Once or twice a month	25	13	21	41	69
A few times a year	17	20	12	51	137
Seldom	17	17	15	51	256
Never	16	9	15	59	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	41	16	13	31	233
Mainline Protestant	16	15	19	49	199
Roman Catholic	29	16	11	43	146
No religion	13	12	13	62	294
Other religion	16	11	15	58	131
ideology
Very conservative	63	12	10	15	144
Somewhat conservative	36	24	17	23	230
Moderate	11	17	20	52	358
Somewhat liberal	9	2	9	79	162
Very liberal	2	4	1	92	111
voter registration status
Yes	25	14	12	48	744
No	15	13	21	51	260

C18: 2nd amendment expansion

In 2022, the Supreme Court ruled that, subject to some restrictions, the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to carry a handgun for self-defense outside the home. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	49	27	16	9	483
Female	33	32	19	16	500
Another gender	0	73	5	22	7
age
18-29	28	43	16	12	218
30-44	38	32	21	9	242
45-59	49	21	16	13	236
60+	43	26	18	14	309
education
Less than HS	45	36	15	4	88
HS graduate	49	29	12	11	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	42	31	18	8	261
Bachelor's degree	34	35	22	9	216
Post grad study/professional degree	26	19	23	31	153
income
Less than $30k	35	30	22	13	270
$30k to less than $50k	42	30	17	10	171
$50k to less than $75k	45	24	15	16	175
$75k to less than $100k	34	40	19	7	142
$100k or more	45	28	16	12	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	69	24	4	3	442
Independent	26	28	25	20	100
Democrat	15	36	29	19	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	73	19	5	3	291
Independent	34	34	19	13	412
Democrat	17	34	29	20	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	73	19	5	3	291
Lean Republican	62	33	3	2	151
Independent	26	28	25	20	100
Lean Democrat	12	40	31	18	161
Democrat	17	34	29	20	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	80	14	3	3	196
Weak Republican	59	30	9	2	95
Lean Republican	62	33	3	2	151
Independent	26	28	25	20	100
Lean Democrat	12	40	31	18	161
Weak Democrat	20	34	26	19	118
Strong Democrat	15	34	30	21	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	49	26	15	10	624
Black Non-Hispanic	18	38	25	19	113
Hispanic	30	32	25	12	165
Other	25	39	17	19	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	45	24	19	11	60
Once a week	48	23	20	10	167
Once or twice a month	42	36	9	13	69
A few times a year	37	34	17	13	137
Seldom	46	27	18	9	256
Never	31	34	19	16	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	54	23	15	8	233
Mainline Protestant	46	24	16	13	199
Roman Catholic	41	34	18	7	146
No religion	30	37	20	13	294
Other religion	27	32	22	20	131
ideology
Very conservative	80	14	3	3	144
Somewhat conservative	64	28	4	3	230
Moderate	30	33	25	12	358
Somewhat liberal	15	34	27	23	162
Very liberal	7	40	27	26	111
voter registration status
Yes	43	30	15	12	744
No	32	29	25	14	260

C19: race in college admissions

In 2023, the Supreme Court ruled that colleges cannot use race as a factor in deciding which applicants to admit. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
	Strongly favor	Somewhat favor	Somewhat oppose	Strongly oppose	n
sex
Male	63	19	12	6	483
Female	60	17	15	8	500
Another gender	37	5	48	11	7
age
18-29	59	19	15	7	218
30-44	63	14	17	5	242
45-59	65	15	12	8	236
60+	58	21	12	8	309
education
Less than HS	63	25	7	5	88
HS graduate	74	17	5	4	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	65	13	16	6	261
Bachelor's degree	54	17	19	10	216
Post grad study/professional degree	40	22	26	12	153
income
Less than $30k	60	21	13	6	270
$30k to less than $50k	68	12	11	9	171
$50k to less than $75k	64	16	15	5	175
$75k to less than $100k	56	23	18	3	142
$100k or more	57	17	15	11	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	83	11	3	3	442
Independent	59	23	10	7	100
Democrat	40	23	25	11	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	83	11	3	4	291
Independent	61	20	15	5	412
Democrat	40	22	24	14	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	83	11	3	4	291
Lean Republican	85	11	4	1	151
Independent	59	23	10	7	100
Lean Democrat	39	25	28	7	161
Democrat	40	22	24	14	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	86	8	3	3	196
Weak Republican	75	16	3	6	95
Lean Republican	85	11	4	1	151
Independent	59	23	10	7	100
Lean Democrat	39	25	28	7	161
Weak Democrat	49	22	23	6	118
Strong Democrat	35	22	25	19	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	68	16	11	5	624
Black Non-Hispanic	38	22	23	18	113
Hispanic	54	19	19	8	165
Other	58	20	13	9	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	68	19	10	3	60
Once a week	69	14	9	8	167
Once or twice a month	63	19	10	8	69
A few times a year	61	20	12	7	137
Seldom	62	18	15	5	256
Never	54	18	19	9	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	69	12	11	8	233
Mainline Protestant	64	18	12	6	199
Roman Catholic	64	22	11	3	146
No religion	52	20	19	9	294
Other religion	59	16	16	9	131
ideology
Very conservative	82	6	6	6	144
Somewhat conservative	80	14	3	3	230
Moderate	60	24	11	5	358
Somewhat liberal	40	23	27	10	162
Very liberal	29	13	38	20	111
voter registration status
Yes	59	19	14	8	744
No	66	15	14	5	260

F1: SCOTUS ideology

[The US Supreme Court] In general, would you describe each of the following as…?
	Very conservative	Somewhat conservative	Moderate	Somewhat liberal	Very liberal	n
sex
Male	21	40	31	6	2	483
Female	25	31	33	9	2	500
Another gender	96	4	0	0	0	7
age
18-29	19	34	35	11	1	218
30-44	23	32	34	7	3	242
45-59	24	34	33	5	4	236
60+	27	39	27	6	2	309
education
Less than HS	21	22	44	12	2	88
HS graduate	14	36	38	10	3	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	24	36	34	4	2	261
Bachelor's degree	26	42	22	8	2	216
Post grad study/professional degree	37	31	23	4	5	153
income
Less than $30k	21	27	40	7	4	270
$30k to less than $50k	24	34	26	13	2	171
$50k to less than $75k	25	39	32	4	0	175
$75k to less than $100k	27	39	23	5	7	142
$100k or more	24	39	29	7	0	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	5	39	42	11	3	442
Independent	17	31	39	7	6	100
Democrat	43	32	20	3	1	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	6	32	47	11	3	291
Independent	23	41	27	7	2	412
Democrat	41	30	23	4	2	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	6	32	47	11	3	291
Lean Republican	1	53	32	12	2	151
Independent	17	31	39	7	6	100
Lean Democrat	47	36	15	2	1	161
Democrat	41	30	23	4	2	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	4	36	52	6	2	196
Weak Republican	12	24	38	21	5	95
Lean Republican	1	53	32	12	2	151
Independent	17	31	39	7	6	100
Lean Democrat	47	36	15	2	1	161
Weak Democrat	22	40	30	7	1	118
Strong Democrat	54	23	19	2	2	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	21	38	33	7	1	624
Black Non-Hispanic	37	28	21	10	3	113
Hispanic	23	33	32	6	7	165
Other	29	24	37	9	1	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	17	31	23	23	5	60
Once a week	16	43	30	6	5	167
Once or twice a month	19	34	34	12	1	69
A few times a year	25	31	35	7	2	137
Seldom	20	37	33	7	2	256
Never	32	31	31	4	2	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	12	45	31	10	2	233
Mainline Protestant	23	28	37	10	3	199
Roman Catholic	17	36	39	5	3	146
No religion	31	36	28	5	1	294
Other religion	37	24	27	7	5	131
ideology
Very conservative	6	41	39	10	4	144
Somewhat conservative	7	37	40	12	5	230
Moderate	21	35	35	7	2	358
Somewhat liberal	42	32	22	4	0	162
Very liberal	63	26	11	0	0	111
voter registration status
Yes	25	37	29	6	3	744
No	19	29	40	10	2	260

K4: family financial situation

Thinking about your family's financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?
	Living comfortably	Just getting by	Struggling	n
sex
Male	37	44	19	483
Female	32	41	26	500
Another gender	22	37	41	7
age
18-29	22	47	31	218
30-44	28	45	27	242
45-59	32	45	23	236
60+	49	37	14	309
education
Less than HS	19	31	50	88
HS graduate	25	45	30	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	29	49	22	261
Bachelor's degree	39	46	15	216
Post grad study/professional degree	62	32	6	153
income
Less than $30k	11	44	45	270
$30k to less than $50k	26	48	27	171
$50k to less than $75k	36	49	16	175
$75k to less than $100k	36	47	17	142
$100k or more	61	33	5	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	33	42	25	442
Independent	17	57	26	100
Democrat	39	41	20	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	36	38	26	291
Independent	27	48	25	412
Democrat	42	40	18	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	36	38	26	291
Lean Republican	26	49	25	151
Independent	17	57	26	100
Lean Democrat	34	41	24	161
Democrat	42	40	18	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	33	40	27	196
Weak Republican	43	33	23	95
Lean Republican	26	49	25	151
Independent	17	57	26	100
Lean Democrat	34	41	24	161
Weak Democrat	30	42	28	118
Strong Democrat	49	40	12	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	38	41	21	624
Black Non-Hispanic	36	45	20	113
Hispanic	21	47	32	165
Other	28	45	27	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	36	33	31	60
Once a week	40	42	18	167
Once or twice a month	32	41	27	69
A few times a year	39	44	18	137
Seldom	26	47	27	256
Never	35	42	23	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	28	43	29	233
Mainline Protestant	37	37	26	199
Roman Catholic	40	42	18	146
No religion	34	48	18	294
Other religion	33	42	25	131
ideology
Very conservative	35	40	25	144
Somewhat conservative	33	41	27	230
Moderate	28	49	23	358
Somewhat liberal	50	32	18	162
Very liberal	33	48	19	111
voter registration status
Yes	39	43	17	744
No	19	43	39	260

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
	Just about always	Most of the time	Only some of the time	Never	n
sex
Male	2	18	64	15	483
Female	1	25	60	14	500
Another gender	0	37	55	9	7
age
18-29	2	20	62	16	218
30-44	1	19	65	16	242
45-59	2	18	62	17	236
60+	3	27	60	10	309
education
Less than HS	6	20	63	10	88
HS graduate	2	22	60	16	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	1	20	64	15	261
Bachelor's degree	1	18	65	16	216
Post grad study/professional degree	2	29	56	13	153
income
Less than $30k	3	19	65	13	270
$30k to less than $50k	3	24	58	15	171
$50k to less than $75k	1	23	62	15	175
$75k to less than $100k	0	19	65	15	142
$100k or more	1	25	60	14	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	1	12	68	19	442
Independent	1	10	57	33	100
Democrat	3	33	57	7	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	1	12	67	20	291
Independent	1	15	67	17	412
Democrat	4	39	50	7	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	1	12	67	20	291
Lean Republican	0	11	71	18	151
Independent	1	10	57	33	100
Lean Democrat	1	22	70	6	161
Democrat	4	39	50	7	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	1	9	70	20	196
Weak Republican	1	19	61	19	95
Lean Republican	0	11	71	18	151
Independent	1	10	57	33	100
Lean Democrat	1	22	70	6	161
Weak Democrat	1	34	53	12	118
Strong Democrat	6	43	48	3	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	1	19	65	14	624
Black Non-Hispanic	4	29	58	9	113
Hispanic	4	21	55	19	165
Other	0	28	56	15	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	2	16	69	12	60
Once a week	5	25	54	16	167
Once or twice a month	0	31	52	16	69
A few times a year	3	23	62	12	137
Seldom	2	21	62	15	256
Never	0	18	66	16	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	2	17	70	11	233
Mainline Protestant	3	26	54	17	199
Roman Catholic	5	26	53	17	146
No religion	0	20	66	13	294
Other religion	0	20	62	18	131
ideology
Very conservative	3	5	71	21	144
Somewhat conservative	1	15	65	19	230
Moderate	3	27	57	14	358
Somewhat liberal	0	31	59	9	162
Very liberal	1	26	64	9	111
voter registration status
Yes	2	22	62	14	744
No	1	22	60	17	260

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
	Most people can be trusted	Most people can't be trusted	n
sex
Male	53	47	483
Female	52	48	500
Another gender	50	50	7
age
18-29	37	63	218
30-44	39	61	242
45-59	55	45	236
60+	72	28	309
education
Less than HS	28	72	88
HS graduate	42	58	283
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates	55	45	261
Bachelor's degree	63	37	216
Post grad study/professional degree	68	32	153
income
Less than $30k	35	65	270
$30k to less than $50k	51	49	171
$50k to less than $75k	53	47	175
$75k to less than $100k	64	36	142
$100k or more	67	33	234
party ID, leaners as partisans
Republican	52	48	442
Independent	36	64	100
Democrat	57	43	462
party ID, leaners as independents
Republican	53	47	291
Independent	50	50	412
Democrat	56	44	302
party ID, leaners separate
Republican	53	47	291
Lean Republican	51	49	151
Independent	36	64	100
Lean Democrat	58	42	161
Democrat	56	44	302
party ID, 7-category
Strong Republican	51	49	196
Weak Republican	56	44	95
Lean Republican	51	49	151
Independent	36	64	100
Lean Democrat	58	42	161
Weak Democrat	50	50	118
Strong Democrat	61	39	184
race and ethnicity
White Non-Hispanic	60	40	624
Black Non-Hispanic	47	53	113
Hispanic	38	62	165
Other	35	65	89
religious service attendance
More than once a week	51	49	60
Once a week	63	37	167
Once or twice a month	50	50	69
A few times a year	53	47	137
Seldom	49	51	256
Never	51	49	317
religious preference
Born-again Protestant	49	51	233
Mainline Protestant	54	46	199
Roman Catholic	55	45	146
No religion	54	46	294
Other religion	53	47	131
ideology
Very conservative	43	57	144
Somewhat conservative	62	38	230
Moderate	43	57	358
Somewhat liberal	64	36	162
Very liberal	61	39	111
voter registration status
Yes	62	38	744
No	28	72	260