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Marquette Law School Supreme Court Poll January 27 - February 5, 2025

(Percentages are rounded to whole numbers for reporting of results. Frequencies have been rounded to whole numbers but percentages are calculated based on non-integer weighted sample sizes.)

Results for survey items among all respondents are presented here (unless otherwise indicated). Please note that some questions are only asked of particular groups of respondents. In these instances, the row “NA’s” includes the number and percent of total respondents omitted from the question. These omitted cases are ignored when calculating the “Valid” and “Cumulative” percent columns.

A1: interest in politics

Some people seem to follow what's going on in politics most of the time, whether there's an election going on or not. Others aren't that interested. How often do you follow what's going on in politics…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most of the time 443 44 44 44
Some of the time 408 40 40 84
Only now and then 118 12 12 95
Hardly at all 49 5 5 100

A2: voter registration

Are you registered to vote at your present address, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 775 76 76 76
No 243 24 24 100

B1: 2024 vote choice

In the 2024 election for president did you vote for…?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
(Missing) 1018 100 NA NA

C1: SCOTUS approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 112 11 11 11
Somewhat approve 409 40 40 51
Somewhat disapprove 306 30 30 81
Strongly disapprove 191 19 19 100

C1: SCOTUS approval (2-cat)

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the US Supreme Court is handling its job?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 522 51 51 51
Disapprove 496 49 49 100

C2: Confidence in SCOTUS

[The US Supreme Court] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 94 9 9 9
Quite a lot 208 20 20 30
Some 379 37 37 67
Very little 227 22 22 89
None at all 111 11 11 100

C3: Confidence in Congress

[Congress] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 30 3 3 3
Quite a lot 110 11 11 14
Some 439 43 43 57
Very little 315 31 31 88
None at all 124 12 12 100

C4: Confidence in Presidency

[The Presidency] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 174 17 17 17
Quite a lot 170 17 17 34
Some 201 20 20 54
Very little 209 21 21 74
None at all 264 26 26 100

C5: Confidence in national news media

[The national news media] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 30 3 3 3
Quite a lot 92 9 9 12
Some 292 29 29 41
Very little 371 36 36 77
None at all 233 23 23 100

C6: Confidence in the DoJ

[The U.S. Department of Justice] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 62 6 6 6
Quite a lot 165 16 16 22
Some 422 41 41 64
Very little 261 26 26 89
None at all 108 11 11 100

C7: Confidence in the FBI

[The FBI] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 58 6 6 6
Quite a lot 233 23 23 29
Some 425 42 42 70
Very little 207 20 20 91
None at all 96 9 9 100

C8: Justice nomination majority

What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current US Supreme Court Justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Definitely a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 25 2 2 2
Probably a majority appointed by Democratic presidents 160 16 16 18
Probably a majority appointed by Republican presidents 429 42 42 60
Definitely a majority appointed by Republican presidents 404 40 40 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

C9: Heard about SCOTUS last month

Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 177 17 17 17
A little 695 68 68 86
Nothing at all 146 14 14 100

C10: Justice motivations

In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Mainly politics 545 54 54 54
Mainly the law 472 46 46 100
(Missing) 1 0 NA NA

C11: Should justices consider public opinion

If the Supreme Court rules against the president in a case, does the president have the power to ignore that ruling, or is the president required to do as the ruling says?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
The president has the power to ignore the ruling 176 17 17 17
The president is required to do as the ruling says 842 83 83 100

C12: Can President ignore SCOTUS?

If the Supreme Court rules against the president in a case, does the president have the power to ignore that ruling, or is the president required to do as the ruling says?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
The president has the power to ignore the ruling 176 17 17 17
The president is required to do as the ruling says 842 83 83 100

C13: Judicial review

Does the Supreme Court have the power to review laws passed by Congress and to declare them invalid if they conflict with the Constitution?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, the Supreme Court has this power 881 87 87 87
No, the Supreme Court does not have this power 137 13 13 100

C15: Presidential immunity

In July, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, while there is no immunity for unofficial acts, former presidents have broad immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts as president. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 133 13 13 13
Somewhat favor 267 26 26 39
Somewhat oppose 271 27 27 66
Strongly oppose 346 34 34 100

C16: Dobbs decision overturning Roe

[In 2022 the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states.] How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 226 22 22 22
Somewhat favor 156 15 15 38
Somewhat oppose 171 17 17 54
Strongly oppose 465 46 46 100

C17: Tiktok ban

In January the Supreme Court upheld a law requiring the social media app TikTok, which is owned by a Chinese company, to be sold or banned in the U.S. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 303 30 30 30
Somewhat favor 326 32 32 62
Somewhat oppose 234 23 23 85
Strongly oppose 155 15 15 100

C18: Trump sentencing ruling

In January the Supreme Court rejected Donald Trump’s request to halt his criminal sentencing in New York where he was convicted in May on 34 felony counts, allowing sentencing to proceed. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 468 46 46 46
Somewhat favor 197 19 19 65
Somewhat oppose 178 17 17 83
Strongly oppose 174 17 17 100
Web blank 2 0 0 100

C19: Texas internet ID law

In January the Supreme Court heard arguments concerning a Texas law meant to prevent minors from accessing sexual materials on the internet, through a requirement that adults prove they are 18 or over by submitting government-issued IDs in order to access sexually oriented websites. Do you think the court should uphold this law or strike it down for infringing on the rights of adults?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Uphold the law 704 69 69 69
Strike it down 314 31 31 100

C20: Undocumented immigrants

Which comes closest to your view about undocumented immigrants who are currently working in the U.S.?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
They should be allowed to stay in their jobs and to eventually apply for U.S. citizenship 524 51 51 51
They should be allowed to stay in their jobs only as temporary guest workers but not to apply for U.S. citizenship 190 19 19 70
They should be required to leave their jobs and leave the U.S. 304 30 30 100

D1: Trump job approval

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 292 29 29 29
Somewhat approve 195 19 19 48
Somewhat disapprove 125 12 12 60
Strongly disapprove 404 40 40 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D1: Trump job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 487 48 48 48
Disapprove 529 52 52 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

D1b: Trump cabinet approval, 4-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way President-elect Donald Trump is handling cabinet appointments for his administration?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 249 24 24 24
Somewhat approve 234 23 23 47
Somewhat disapprove 141 14 14 61
Strongly disapprove 393 39 39 100
Web blank 1 0 0 100

D1b: Trump cabinet approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way President-elect Donald Trump is handling cabinet appointments for his administration?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 483 47 47 47
Disapprove 534 52 52 100
999 1 0 0 100

D2: Biden past job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden handled his job when he was president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly approve 76 8 8 8
Somewhat approve 274 27 27 34
Somewhat disapprove 249 24 24 59
Strongly disapprove 419 41 41 100

D2: Biden past job approval, 2-cat

Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden handled his job when he was president?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Approve 350 34 34 34
Disapprove 668 66 66 100

D3: Fav/unfav: Biden

[Joe Biden] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 97 9 9 9
Somewhat favorable 270 27 27 36
Somewhat unfavorable 206 20 20 56
Very unfavorable 429 42 42 98
Haven't heard enough 17 2 2 100

D4: Fav/unfav: Harris

[Kamala Harris] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 160 16 16 16
Somewhat favorable 242 24 24 40
Somewhat unfavorable 144 14 14 54
Very unfavorable 430 42 42 96
Haven't heard enough 42 4 4 100

D5: Fav/unfav: Trump

[Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 266 26 26 26
Somewhat favorable 184 18 18 44
Somewhat unfavorable 100 10 10 54
Very unfavorable 450 44 44 98
Haven't heard enough 17 2 2 100

D6: Fav/unfav: Vance

[J.D. Vance] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 212 21 21 21
Somewhat favorable 185 18 18 39
Somewhat unfavorable 131 13 13 52
Very unfavorable 321 32 32 83
Haven’t heard enough 168 17 17 100

D7: Fav/unfav: Rubio

[Marco Rubio for Secretary of State] Here are some people President-elect Trump has picked for cabinet positions in his new administration. Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 210 21 21 21
Somewhat favorable 227 22 22 43
Somewhat unfavorable 131 13 13 56
Very unfavorable 181 18 18 74
Haven't heard enough 268 26 26 100

D8: Fav/unfav: RFK Jr

[Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. for Secretary of Health and Human Services] Here are some people President-elect Trump has picked for cabinet positions in his new administration. Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 187 18 18 18
Somewhat favorable 215 21 21 39
Somewhat unfavorable 117 12 12 51
Very unfavorable 356 35 35 86
Haven't heard enough 142 14 14 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

D9: Fav/unfav: Hegseth

[Pete Hegseth for Secretary of Defense] Here are some people President-elect Trump has picked for cabinet positions in his new administration. Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 158 16 16 16
Somewhat favorable 124 12 12 28
Somewhat unfavorable 82 8 8 36
Very unfavorable 295 29 29 65
Haven't heard enough 359 35 35 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

D10: Fav/unfav: Bondi

[Pam Bondi for Attorney General] Here are some people President-elect Trump has picked for cabinet positions in his new administration. Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very favorable 167 16 16 16
Somewhat favorable 132 13 13 29
Somewhat unfavorable 94 9 9 39
Very unfavorable 187 18 18 57
Haven't heard enough 437 43 43 100

E1: Personally better off or not

Would you say you personally are better off, about the same, or worse off than you were a year ago?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Better 190 19 19 19
About the same 571 56 56 75
Worse 258 25 25 100

E2: Right direction/wrong track

Do you feel things in this country are generally going in the right direction, or do you feel things have gotten off on the wrong track?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Right direction 391 38 38 38
Wrong track 627 62 62 100

E3: National economy

How would you describe the state of the nation's economy these days?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Excellent 13 1 1 1
Good 262 26 26 27
Not so good 590 58 58 85
Poor 153 15 15 100

F1: Heard about Trump’s cabinet picks

[President-elect Trump’s choices for his cabinet, including Secretaries of State, Defense, Health and Human Services and Attorney General] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 503 49 49 49
A little 408 40 40 89
Nothing at all 107 11 11 100

F2: Heard about deportation plans

[Plans for how to handle deportation of immigrants who are in the U.S. illegally] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 716 70 70 70
A little 265 26 26 96
Nothing at all 37 4 4 100

F3: Heard about government cuts

[Plans to reduce the size of government and cut spending] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 539 53 53 53
A little 359 35 35 88
Nothing at all 120 12 12 100

F4: Heard about inaugural address

[President Trump’s inaugural address] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A lot 395 39 39 39
A little 456 45 45 84
Nothing at all 167 16 16 100

G1: Ban Tiktok

About 170 million Americans use the TikTok app but Congress passed a law requiring it to be sold or banned because it is owned by a Chinese company that could potentially provide the Chinese government with sensitive information about Americans. Do you think these national security concerns are important enough to require the sale or banning of TikTok or do you think Americans should continue to be able to use the app?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Security concerns are important enough to require sale or ban 608 60 60 60
Americans should continue to be able to use the app 410 40 40 100

G2: Tiktok useage

How often, if ever, do you use the TikTok app?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Several times a day 147 14 14 14
Several times a week 77 8 8 22
A few times a month 102 10 10 32
Used in the past but not now 157 15 15 47
Never 535 53 53 100

G3: Jan 6 pardon

Do you favor or oppose President Trump’s pardon of about 1,500 people convicted in the January 6, 2021 violence at the U.S. Capitol?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 348 34 34 34
Oppose 666 65 65 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

G4: Border emergency

Do you favor or oppose President Trump’s executive order declaring migrant crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border to be a national emergency?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 596 59 59 59
Oppose 422 41 41 100

G5: Rename Gulf of Mexico

Do you favor or oppose President Trump’s executive order instructing the Secretary of the Interior to rename the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 291 29 29 29
Oppose 724 71 71 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100

G6: Biological sex order

Do you favor or oppose President Trump’s executive order requiring federal agencies to recognize biological sex as male or female only, eliminate references to gender identity in policies, and require federal documents, such as passports, to reflect biological sex, not gender identity.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 638 63 63 63
Oppose 380 37 37 100

G7: Expand oil & gas production

Do you favor or oppose President Trump’s executive orders that aim to expand oil and gas production?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Favor 607 60 60 60
Oppose 410 40 40 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100

G8: Do tariffs help or hurt?

In general, do you think imposing tariffs or fees on products imported from other countries helps the U.S. economy, hurts the economy, or doesn’t make much of a difference either way?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Helps U.S. economy 249 24 24 24
Hurts U.S. economy 471 46 46 71
Doesn't make much difference 130 13 13 83
Don't know 168 17 17 100

G9: Trump policies affect on inflation

Do you think Trump’s policy proposals will decrease inflation, increase inflation, or have no effect on inflation?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Decrease inflation 369 36 36 36
Increase inflation 497 49 49 85
Have no effect on inflation 148 15 15 100
Skipped/Ref 4 0 0 100

G10: Panama Canal control

In his inaugural address President Trump said the U.S. will take back the Panama Canal from Panama. Do you think the U.S. should take back the Canal, or should Panama continue to control it in accordance with the 1978 Panama Canal Treaties?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take the canal back 352 35 35 35
Panama continue to control the canal 665 65 65 100
Web blank 1 0 0 100

G11: Trump felony sentence

On January 10th the judge in Trump’s New York felony conviction case gave Trump a sentence of unconditional discharge, which includes neither jail time nor any other penalties. Do you think this is an appropriate sentence or should there have been a greater penalty.
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Appropriate sentence 452 44 44 44
Should have been a greater penalty 565 55 55 100
Web blank 1 0 0 100

K1: Foreign policy stance

Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Take an active part in world affairs 625 61 61 61
Stay out of world affairs 393 39 39 100

K2: support for Ukraine

When it comes to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Too much support 419 41 41 41
Not enough support 226 22 22 63
About the right amount of support 373 37 37 100

K3: Russia-Ukraine war importance to US

How much do you think what happens in the Russia-Ukraine conflict matters to life in the United States?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
A great deal 216 21 21 21
Some 470 46 46 67
Not much 280 27 27 95
Not at all 53 5 5 100

K5A: Deportation, v1

Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 154 15 31 31
Somewhat favor 146 14 29 60
Somewhat oppose 129 13 26 86
Strongly oppose 71 7 14 100
(Missing) 519 51 NA NA

K5B: Deportation, v2

Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries even if they have lived here for a number of years, have jobs and no criminal record?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly favor 103 10 20 20
Somewhat favor 117 12 23 43
Somewhat oppose 129 13 25 67
Strongly oppose 169 17 33 100
(Missing) 499 49 NA NA

K8: family financial situation

Thinking about your family's financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Living comfortably 364 36 36 36
Just getting by 484 48 48 83
Struggling 170 17 17 100

K9: Do away with SCOTUS

[If the U.S. Supreme Court started making a lot of decisions that most people disagree with, it might be better to do away with the Supreme Court altogether.] How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree 75 7 7 7
Agree 112 11 11 18
Neither agree nor disagree 324 32 32 50
Disagree 258 25 25 76
Strongly disagree 249 24 24 100

K10: Remove justices

[Justices on the U.S. Supreme Court who consistently make unpopular decisions should be removed from their position as Justice.] How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree 89 9 9 9
Agree 186 18 18 27
Neither agree nor disagree 354 35 35 62
Disagree 201 20 20 82
Strongly disagree 188 18 18 100

K11: Reduce SCOTUS independence

[The U.S. Supreme Court ought to be made less independent so that it listens a lot more to what the people want.] How much do you agree or disagree with the following statement
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strongly agree 129 13 13 13
Agree 256 25 25 38
Neither agree nor disagree 245 24 24 62
Disagree 198 19 19 81
Strongly disagree 191 19 19 100

X1: Trust in government

How much of the time do you think you can trust the government in Washington to do what is right?...Just about always, most of the time, only some of the time, never?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Just about always 12 1 1 1
Most of the time 160 16 16 17
Only some of the time 713 70 70 87
Never 133 13 13 100

X2: Trust in others

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted, or most people can't be trusted?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Most people can be trusted 488 48 48 48
Most people can't be trusted 530 52 52 100

INT1: internet use

Do you use the internet or email, at least occasionally?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 1018 100 100 100

INTFREQ: internet frequency

About how often do you use the internet?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Almost constantly 423 42 42 42
Several times a day 493 48 48 90
About once a day 58 6 6 96
Several times a week 37 4 4 99
Less often 8 1 1 100

Z1: Party ID

Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, or an Independent?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 334 33 33 33
Democrat 266 26 26 59
Independent 272 27 27 86
Other/No preference 146 14 14 100

Z2A: Party ID strenth

Would you call yourself a strong [Republican/Democrat] or a not very strong [Republican/Democrat]?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Strong 347 34 58 58
Not very strong 253 25 42 100
(Missing) 418 41 NA NA

Z2B: Party ID lean

Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 93 9 22 22
Democratic 127 12 30 53
Neither 198 19 47 100
(Missing) 600 59 NA NA

Z3: religious service attendance

Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
More than once a week 80 8 8 8
Once a week 183 18 18 26
Once or twice a month 80 8 8 34
A few times a year 156 15 15 49
Seldom 222 22 22 71
Never 296 29 29 100

Z4: born-again or evangelical

Would you describe yourself as a "born-again" or evangelical Christian, or not?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, would 258 25 25 25
No, would not 760 75 75 100

Z5: political ideology

Generally speaking, how would you describe your political views?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Very conservative 124 12 12 12
Somewhat conservative 245 24 24 36
Moderate 405 40 40 76
Somewhat liberal 139 14 14 90
Very liberal 105 10 10 100

Z6: talk to neighbors

During the last 12 months, how often did you talk with any of your neighbors?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Basically, every day 52 5 5 5
A few times a week 270 26 26 32
A few times a month 284 28 28 60
Once a month 106 10 10 70
Less than once a month 205 20 20 90
Not at all 101 10 10 100

Z7: volunteering

We are interested in volunteer activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps expenses.  In the last 12 months, have you done any volunteer activities through or for an organization?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes 291 29 29 29
No 727 71 71 100

GE2020: 2024 vote

Did you vote in the general election in 2024?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, did vote in the 2024 general election 745 73 73 73
No, did not vote in the 2024 general election 273 27 27 100

Z8: Vote choice in 2024

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2024?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Kamala Harris 353 35 47 47
Donald Trump 350 34 47 94
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 7 1 1 95
Chase Oliver 3 0 0 96
Jill Stein 2 0 0 96
Another candidate 20 2 3 99
Did not vote in that election 9 1 1 100
Skipped/Ref 2 0 0 100
(Missing) 273 27 NA NA

GE2020: 2020 vote

Did you vote in the general election in 2020?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Yes, did vote in the 2020 general election 703 69 69 69
No, did not vote in the 2020 general election 315 31 31 100

Z9: Vote choice in 2020

Which presidential candidate did you vote for in 2020?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Donald Trump 304 30 43 43
Joe Biden 367 36 52 95
Jo Jorgensen 11 1 2 97
Another candidate 15 1 2 99
Did not vote in that election 6 1 1 100
Skipped/Ref 1 0 0 100
(Missing) 315 31 NA NA

Z10: own or rent

Is your home owned or rented?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Owned 710 70 70 70
Rented 308 30 30 100

Z11: adults in household

Including yourself, how many adults age 18 or older are there living in your household?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
1 194 19 19 19
2 490 48 48 67
3 202 20 20 87
4 87 9 9 96
5 33 3 3 99
6 8 1 1 100
7 2 0 0 100
8 or more 2 0 0 100

party ID, 5-cat

Party ID with leaners separate
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 334 33 33 33
Lean Republican 93 9 9 42
Independent 198 19 19 61
Lean Democrat 127 12 12 74
Democrat 266 26 26 100

party ID, leaners as partisans

Party ID with leaners included
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Republican 427 42 42 42
Independent 198 19 19 61
Democrat 393 39 39 100

gender

sex
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Male 489 48 48 48
Female 509 50 50 98
Another gender 4 0 0 98
Skipped/Ref 16 2 2 100

age

age, 4 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
18-29 195 19 19 19
30-44 267 26 26 45
45-59 240 24 24 69
60+ 316 31 31 100

education

education - 5 categories
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than HS 91 9 9 9
HS graduate 286 28 28 37
Vocational/tech school/some college/ associates 268 26 27 64
Bachelor's degree 201 20 20 84
Post grad study/professional degree 162 16 16 100
(Missing) 11 1 NA NA

income

income recode
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Less than $30k 256 25 25 25
$30k to less than $50k 176 17 17 42
$50k to less than $75k 178 17 17 60
$75k to less than $100k 154 15 15 75
$100k or more 250 25 25 100
DK/NA/Ref 4 0 0 100

marital status

marital status
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Married 525 52 52 52
Widowed 37 4 4 55
Divorced 99 10 10 65
Separated 25 3 3 67
Single, never married 227 22 22 90
Single, cohabitating 104 10 10 100

race/ethnicity

race and hispanic origin
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
White 602 59 59 59
Black 114 11 11 70
Hispanic 171 17 17 87
Other/Multiple 95 9 9 97
Skipped/Ref 36 3 3 100

religious affiliation

religious identification
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Born-again Protestant 221 22 22 22
Mainline Protestant 193 19 19 41
Roman Catholic 182 18 18 59
No religion 296 29 29 88
Other religion 118 12 12 99
Skipped/Ref 5 1 1 100
(Missing) 3 0 NA NA