This continuing series of reflections relates the work of some of our recent Public Interest Law Society summer fellows. From Andrea Bishop’s work in housing matters to Mia Stevenson’s appreciation of outreach, we now turn to Alana Borman. Alana spent her summer in the housing unit at Legal Action of Wisconsin. The work was personal and more generally is a reminder of the connection between housing and health.

By Alana Borman, 2L

My interest in housing started long before I ever started working at Legal Action. It began when I was a child through my mom and her best friend, whom I’ll call Donna. They had been nurses working together for years and had done everything together. As a child, it was routine for me to go to Donna’s house and play in her pool.

Everything was routine until it wasn’t. I noticed Donna was not coming over as much. Instead of working at the hospital, she was being seen at the hospital. She had stage four breast cancer. It was life altering for her. She made the difficult decision to pay for more important things, such as chemotherapy, instead of rent. There were no options for her. She was embarrassed to ask for help, even after everything her and my mom had been through.

We eventually learned she had lost her housing and was staying at a homeless shelter. My mom tried every way possible to get her to come stay at our house, but she remained too ashamed of what had happened. Months would pass without hearing from Donna. A once-vibrant person in my life had drifted away. Donna eventually passed away at that homeless shelter.

There had been no resources for her, no one to turn toward to help her remain in her home. I have no doubt that staying in a shelter did not aid in her situation. It was my goal this summer to understand more about why this happens—why there is a lack of resources in situations like Donna’s where people are forced to decide between housing and survival.

This summer I was exposed to many “Donnas”—people who were just one payment away from losing housing. This included many who were sick and paying for treatments as opposed to rent. Many did not have any place to turn. For some, Legal Action was the only resource .

It was through this experience I realized the many intricacies that go into housing. For some, the eviction comes out of nowhere. They are served a 28-day notice with no warning. Others are merely given a 5-day notice to pay or get out before a proceeding begins. The difficulties that lie in having an eviction action on one’s name are heavy. Even when an eviction action is dismissed and there is no judgment, many cannot find housing because of the eviction even being associated with their name. Of course, in some instances in Milwaukee, a judge will grant name redactions to parties.

Still, the eviction often brings shame just as it did with Donna. There is no real place in the court file to add one’s own story of how it came to be. If people could look closer, many would come to find out that people did not suddenly stop paying out of spite. Rather, there are various reasons for inability to pay. Some individuals have delays in their benefits or their benefits from the state may never come. Others were one paycheck away from losing it all and the ball finally dropped. Many of the people I met were mothers, veterans, young adults who had just left their parents’ homes, and those who were very ill.

There are so many housing needs that are not being addressed, and I encourage all law students at some point to get involved. Much of the information I learned this summer still benefits me as I inform friends and family who rent about the current laws. We all likely know someone who rents or will be a renter.

I am still struck with Donna’s story and how much adequate housing can impact one’s life. Housing for her could have meant a place to come home to rest after a long day of chemotherapy. For others it means the ability to hold a job or provide a place for their children to live. A home means so many things to so many people, it should not be diminished to nothing.  Losing a loved one to homelessness has made me deeply aware of how fortunate I am to have a place to call home, something I can no longer take for granted.

Evictions are just one area of the law contributing to homelessness. Legal Action is just one agency working toward reform and keeping people in their housing. The judgment cast toward the homeless or evicted may often be unfounded. Again, an eviction is just one view of a situation that has many layers. Many of the cases in which I was involved this past summer were dismissed because of condition issues, lack of proper accounting or service, and various other issues that normally a client would not know to argue.

This summer came with many hardships but also with self-reflection. I have now had the ability to add to my version of Donna’s story to make the bad ending good. She truly guided me through everything this summer. I hope to take with me the stories of people I worked with this summer and draw on them for inspiration during my journey in law school and beyond.

This is the second part of a series celebrating our recent PILS summer fellows through some representative examples—and, hopefully, pointing toward future public interest minded work. In the first entry, Andrea Bishop reflected on their work with the Eviction Defense Project. Today, Mia Stevenson, who spent the past summer at Coast to Coast Legal Aid Society of South Florida, reflects on the importance of legal aid organizations reaching out to the community to describe and explain the work they are doing.

By Mia Stevenson, 2L

As a Marquette Law School Public Interest Law Society Fellow, I spent my summer at Coast to Coast Legal Aid Society of South Florida, where I observed the important role that presence in the community plays for legal aid providers.

Attorneys, paralegals, and interns attend outreach events, including community presentations, clinics, and events such as backpack giveaways and resource fairs. I had the privilege of attending Fort Lauderdale FLITE Center’s resource fair, where we provided those in attendance with information about the presence of Coast to Coast Legal Aid of South Florida and the free civil legal services itprovides. Although some of these outreach events are directly tied to providing legal information, many also emphasize giving back to the community, which is just as important and is among the values of legal aid providers.

The lack of access by everyday Americans to legal assistance and the justice system is why it is important for legal aid services to be visible in the community. Legal aid providers provide access to a wide variety of populations, including victims of domestic violence, rural populations, veterans, and people who have been wrongfully evicted. If, however, the community is unaware of the presence of the legal aid providers, then it is more difficult for them to seek out and receive the help that they need.

Additionally, in underserved communities there is a large group of people who are unaware that some of the issues that they face could be resolved or mitigated with the help of an attorney. Community outreach events allow legal aid providers to interact with community members and explain the services that can be provided and how they can help. Community outreach as a form of service – though it can easily be underappreciated – is incredibly valuable to the people we serve.

Marquette University Law School and its surrounding communities are fortunate to have students dedicated to making a positive impact, as well as the strong support of those who help them in their efforts. As we look forward to a new group of Public Interest Law Society (PILS) fellows for this summer, we are sharing this week a series of reflections by Marquette law students on their experiences as Public Interest Law Society fellows during the past summer.

These reflections offer insight into how hands-on advocacy not only affects the communities served but also shapes the professional identities of future attorneys.

Public interest legal work requires working with people through challenging times. Our PILS fellows provide critical services to underserved populations and confront the challenge of justice—or injustice—in people’s lives.

This series of stories provides an opportunity to reflect on the formative power of this work.

We begin with Andrea Bishop (2L), who worked with Legal Action of Wisconsin’s Eviction Defense Project, providing legal representation to tenants facing housing instability. Her story reveals how critical access to representation is in addressing inequities in housing and creating stability for vulnerable individuals and communities.

By Andrea Bishop, 2L

At least twice a week this past summer, I worked with a tenant who, like dozens of others present in the Milwaukee County Courthouse, was moments away from losing their home—until we stepped in. This is the difference that adequate counsel can play in a person’s life.

I worked for and have continued to volunteer with Legal Action of Wisconsin’s Eviction Defense Project. Focusing on providing same-day limited scope legal representation to tenants facing eviction court, the Eviction Defense Project has been instrumental in changing the lives of hundreds of individuals.

Because civil defendants do not have a constitutional right to counsel, most Milwaukee tenants go unrepresented in eviction proceedings. The National Coalition for a Civil Right to Counsel reported that only 2% of Milwaukee tenants receive legal representation. But 76% of those represented successfully prevent eviction, according to the Stout report on Eviction Free MKE. Representation matters.

When tenants have access to counsel, they are given support that can make the difference in the ability to maintain jobs, schooling, and even health. In Milwaukee County, eviction court cases and judgments disproportionally affect individuals of color, exacerbating the already pressing issues of poverty and housing instability. Most Milwaukee landlords will outright deny rental applications from individuals with eviction cases on their records, even if the judgment has been paid in full or the case dismissed. Those that accept them tend to charge double or triple the security deposit to provide collateral to mitigate the risk of renting to tenants with prior evictions. These increased costs result in limited housing options for individuals suffering from financial difficulties, who are often left living in housing with severe conditions issues.

Many tenants at risk of eviction do not report unsafe conditions to Milwaukee’s Department of Neighborhood Services (DNS) for fear their housing will be deemed uninhabitable. This would force them to lose their housing, often without warning or preparation. Even when tenants do request inspections, DNS can refuse them and regularly does so when eviction proceedings are in motion.

Tenants who have had an eviction granted against them may lose housing benefits that are a critical component of their ability to maintain safe and secure housing. While tenants can reapply for benefits through the Housing Authority of the City of Milwaukee (HACM), it is a process which involves multiple forms and a lottery system. There is not enough availability of these sought after housing vouchers—HACM closed its Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher and Public Housing waiting lists on August 1, 2024—and individuals who qualify have now missed their chance at affordable housing.

Milwaukee’s housing instability crisis requires all of us—lawmakers, landlords, and community members—to work together toward systemic change. The work of the Eviction Defense Project is just the beginning, and there is more to be done to ensure everyone has a safe and secure home. I am glad for the opportunity to contribute to this work.