The Obama “Hope” Poster Case — Mannie Garcia Weighs In

(This is the 7th in a series of posts on Fairey v. Associated Press. See below for other posts in the series.)

[Update (7/23): The court granted Garcia’s motion to intervene, which was unopposed. AP’s and Fairey’s answers are due Aug. 14, fact discovery will continue until October, and the next status conference in the case will be Nov. 20, meaning we will most likely not get a summary judgement hearing until 2010.]

With the crunch at the end of the semester, my series on the Obama Hope poster case petered out unexpectedly. Among the events I noted silently to myself in the interim were Fairey’s answer to AP’s counterclaims and a trio of NPR interviews on the case with Shepard Fairey, Mannie Garcia, and law professor Greg Lastowka.

There’s nothing like a fresh filing to get one out of the doldrums, however. On Thursday, the other shoe in this case dropped when Mannie Garcia, the photographer who shot the Obama photograph at issue, filed a motion to intervene in the case as a defendant. (Quick, Civ Pro students: what rule?) Garcia’s proposed answer, counterclaims, and cross-claims assert that the photograph is copyrightable, that Garcia, not AP,  is the copyright owner in the photograph, and that Fairey infringed his copyright. I’ll focus on two interesting aspects of the filing after the jump.

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Fair Use and Legal Education

copyrightI’ve just read Pam Samuelson’s recent article, Unbundling Fair Uses. For this article, Samuelson reviewed just about every fair use opinion since 1978, and reached the conclusion that fair use cases fall into 8  discrete clusters. Within most of those clusters, “it is generally possible to predict whether a use is likely to be fair or unfair.” [2542]

Although others have made this sort of argument before (e.g., copyright giant Alan Latman in a 1960 legislative study, and Mike Madison in a 2004 article), Samuelson is cutting deeply against the grain of modern copyright scholarship in her conclusion. As she notes, the opinion is nearly unanimous among modern copyright scholars (including, I confess, me) that fair use is profoundly unpredictable, a crap shoot. As Larry Lessig has pithily quipped, “Fair use is the right to hire a lawyer.”

For me, one of the most interesting questions that arises from Samuelson’s article is, if she’s right, how could so many copyright scholars have gotten it wrong? And what does that have to do with teaching Civ Pro?

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Copyright Law in Transition

Boston MassacreIrene’s post and Kali’s post got me thinking: What is it that interests me about copyright law? The answer is somewhat surprising, given that I specialize in copyright law: nothing, per se. I’m not especially attracted to the doctrine of copyright law more than a number of other subjects, such as torts or contracts or even securities regulation. Indeed, as cocktail party conversation goes, I always cringe a little when I say I specialize in copyright, because it often leads to a discussion of some particular controversy in which I am forced to admit at the end that I have no idea what the answer is, as the statute is vague and there are cases on both sides (or maybe no cases at all). At least there are answers to what constitutes insider trading.

What interests me about copyright is not copyright law in itself, but copyright law as a subject. Over the past few years, I’ve come to realize that my interest in copyright law and Internet law predates law school. It’s part of my general interest in ideological transitions, and in particular turbulent ideological transitions. I’m interested in copyright law for the same reason I’m interested in vigilantes and alterations in foreign policy and systems accidents.

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