Incarceration Nation
Despite the increasingly audible calls for changes in policy, we should not lose sight of the extent and nature of imprisonment in the United States. As of 1975, only .01% of the population was imprisoned, but the percentage has grown every year since then and now stands at almost .05%. We as a nation have the dubious distinction of reporting the highest per capita imprisonment figure in the world. What’s more, American prisons are no longer geared to rehabilitating inmates. Instead of educating and training inmates, prisons for the most part simply warehouse them.
These developments do not derive from increases in crime or from the widespread commission of more serious crimes. Instead, the increase in the number of inmates and the use of warehouse-style incarceration are attributable to such policies as quicker revocation of probation and parole, mandatory sentences for certain crimes, three strikes legislation, and truth-in- sentencing laws. Often, these policies come into play for drug-related offenses and are part of the larger “war on drugs.”
Noam Chomsky contends, “In the United States the drug war is basically a technique for containing populations internal to the country and doesn’t have much to do with drugs.” Chomsky has in mind the urban underclass, which is disproportionately but not exclusively made up of members of minority groups. Middle and upper class Americans have come to see the underclass as dangerous and almost inherently criminal and are comfortable with warehousing larger and larger numbers in order to maintain social control. Chomsky suggests the contemporary imprisoning of large numbers of poor men and women is an American variety of “social cleansing.”
As harsh as Chomsky’s comments might seem, law professor Jonathan Simon might take the critique one step further. In his book Poor Discipline, Simon argues that mainstream Americans perceive inmates as a type of “toxic waste” and take those who run our jails, prisons, and penitentiaries to have the nasty task of “waste management.” How troubling is to see our nation traveling down this fundamentally dehumanizing path.
The identifying and catching of criminals continues to dominate the peak hours of primetime network television, but a change has taken place in the make-up and methods of the crime-stoppers. Gone are the hard-nosed detectives who occupied the squad room in “NYPD Blue” and physically battled crime in the rougher parts of town. The recent “Southland” had comparable detectives and a similar mission, but the show could not make it to a second season. Instead, crime-stoppers of a more cerebral and less physical type reign. Modern-day crime-stoppers include not only forensic scientists and brainy psychologists but also mathematicians, clairvoyants, and even mind-readers.