Majority of public opposes presidential immunity, but Republican majority supports it when Trump is mentioned in question; partisan differences are substantial over restricting abortion-drug use, banning sleeping in public

MILWAUKEE – A new Marquette Law School Poll national survey finds that 39% of adults approve of the job the U.S. Supreme Court is doing, while 61% disapprove. This is the lowest approval of the Court since July 2022, when 38% approved and 61% disapproved. Approval has fluctuated in the low to mid 40% range since March 2023, with the exception of March 2024 when approval was at 47%.

Approval of the Court fell from 66% in September 2020 and 60% in July 2021 to the mid-50% range later in 2021 and early 2022. It fell again, to 38%, in July 2022 following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision overturning the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision that had made abortion legal nationwide. Since then, until this month’s survey, approval has fluctuated between 40% and 47%. The trend in approval since 2020 is shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. (All results in the tables are stated as percentages; the precise wording of the questions can be found in the online link noted above.)

Table 1: U.S. Supreme Court approval

Among adults

Poll dates	Approval
	Approve	Disapprove
5/6-15/24	39	61
3/18-28/24	47	53
2/5-15/24	40	60
11/2-7/23	41	59
9/18-25/23	43	57
7/7-12/23	45	55
5/8-18/23	41	59
3/13-22/23	44	56
1/9-20/23	47	53
11/15-22/22	44	56
9/7-14/22	40	60
7/5-12/22	38	61
5/9-19/22	44	55
3/14-24/22	54	45
1/10-21/22	52	46
11/1-10/21	54	46
9/7-16/21	49	50
7/16-26/21	60	39
9/8-15/20	66	33
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Supreme Court is handling its job?

The latest Marquette Law School Poll national Supreme Court survey was conducted May 6-15, 2024. The survey interviewed 1,033 adults nationwide and has a margin of error of +/-4.3 percentage points.

Approval of the Court fell in May across all categories of partisanship, declining 7 percentage points among Republicans, 12 points among independents, and 8 points among Democrats. Approval by party over the last three polls is shown in Table 2. (Party identification, here and subsequently, includes independents who lean to a party)

Table 2: Approval of the U.S Supreme Court, by party identification, February, March, and May 2024

Among adults

Party ID	Court approval
	Approve	Disapprove
5/6-15/24
Republican	57	43
Independent	26	74
Democrat	23	77
3/18-28/24
Republican	64	36
Independent	38	62
Democrat	31	69
2/5-15/24
Republican	57	43
Independent	28	72
Democrat	27	73
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, Feb. 5-15, 2024, March 18-28, 2024, and May 6-15, 2024
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Supreme Court is handling its job?

Cases before the Court

One case pending before the Court is Trump v. United States, concerning presidential immunity from criminal prosecution. The case was argued on April 25.

To understand how former President Donald Trump’s involvement affects views of presidential immunity, the poll asked a random half of the sample if “former presidents” should have immunity and the other half if “former President Donald Trump” should have immunity. Of those thus asked, 16% said “former presidents” should have immunity, while 71% said they should not. Of those asked about “former President Donald Trump,” 30% said he should have immunity, while 60% said he should not. The effect of mentioning Trump almost doubles support for immunity—increasing it by 14 percentage points, a larger effect than the 8-percentage-point effect found in March before the case was argued.

These results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Presidential immunity, by question wording

Among adults

Question wording	Immunity opinion
	Should be immune from criminal prosecution for their official acts	Should not have immunity from criminal prosecution for their official acts	Don’t know
5/6-15/24
Former presidents wording	16	71	13
Former President Donald Trump wording	30	60	10
3/18-28/24
Former presidents wording	20	62	18
Former President Donald Trump wording	28	56	17
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, March 18-28, 2024, and May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether former presidents have immunity from criminal prosecution for official actions while in office. Which comes closer to your view?
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether former President Donald Trump has immunity from criminal prosecution for official actions while president. Which comes closer to your view?

The shift in responses largely comes from Republicans. When asked about “former presidents,” only 29% support immunity, but when asked about “former President Donald Trump,” support soars to 61%. Support for immunity also increases among independents, from 4% to 20%, when Trump is named. Democrats do not change support for immunity when Trump is mentioned, although the percent opposed declines slightly and the percent of those saying they don’t know increases. The full results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Presidential immunity, by question wording and party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Immunity opinion
	Should be immune from criminal prosecution for their official acts	Should not have immunity from criminal prosecution for their official acts	Don’t know
Former presidents wording
Republican	29	48	22
Independent	4	75	21
Democrat	5	95	1
Former President Donald Trump wording
Republican	61	29	10
Independent	20	47	33
Democrat	5	88	7
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether former presidents have immunity from criminal prosecution for official actions while in office. Which comes closer to your view?
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether former President Donald Trump has immunity from criminal prosecution for official actions while president. Which comes closer to your view?

On April 22, the Court heard arguments in City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Johnson, concerning whether the U.S. Constitution—the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of “cruel and unusual punishment”—prohibits cities from banning homeless people camping on public property,

The survey found 47% said cities should be able to ban sleeping in public places, 36% said cities should not be able to do so, and 18% didn’t know.

Partisan differences are apparent in this case, with 63% of Republicans saying cities should be allowed to ban public sleeping, while 27% of independents and 35% of Democrats agree. The full results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Can cities ban sleeping in public spaces, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Preference
	Cities can ban sleeping in public spaces	Cities cannot ban sleeping in public spaces	Don’t know
Total	47	36	18
Republican	63	18	19
Independent	27	43	30
Democrat	35	50	15
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether cities can, without violating the Constitution, ban homeless people from sleeping or camping in public spaces. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: Cities can ban sleeping in public spaces
Response option: Cities cannot ban sleeping in public spaces

There are also divisions by age on this topic. Those under 30 are opposed to cities banning sleeping in public spaces, while those who are older favor the permissibility of such bans, as shown in Table 6.

Table 6: Can cities ban sleeping in public spaces, by age

Among adults

Age	Preference
	Cities can ban sleeping in public spaces	Cities cannot ban sleeping in public spaces	Don’t know
Total	47	36	18
18-29	23	58	19
30-44	48	39	13
45-59	48	29	22
60+	59	23	18
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning whether cities can, without violating the Constitution, ban homeless people from sleeping or camping in public spaces. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: Cities can ban sleeping in public spaces
Response option: Cities cannot ban sleeping in public spaces

On March 26, the Court heard oral arguments in Food and Drug Administration v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine, concerning a lower court decision which would restrict access to mifepristone, a drug used in medication abortions. Among those polled, 57% said the Court should keep the current level of access to the drug by overturning the lower court ruling, while 27% said the Court should uphold the lower court ruling that increased restrictions on the use of mifepristone. The remaining 17% said they don’t know. These opinions have hardly shifted since March, when 60% said the Court should keep the current access. The two poll results are shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Opinion on abortion medication mifepristone

Among adults

Poll dates	Preference
	The Court should rule to keep the current access to the medication abortion drug, thus overturning the lower court decision	The Court should rule that the lower court was correct in its decision, thus restricting access to the medication abortion drug	Don’t know
5/6-15/24	57	27	17
3/18-28/24	60	25	15
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is reviewing a lower court decision that would significantly restrict (but not eliminate altogether) access to a drug used in medication abortions, mifepristone. Which comes closer to your view?

Views on this issue differ by party, as shown in Table 8. A plurality of Republicans, 45%, favor upholding restrictions on access to mifepristone, while 37% say the Court should overturn the restrictions found by a lower court. A smaller plurality of independents favor overturning the restrictions, but almost as many say they don’t know. A large majority of Democrats, 79%, say the Court should strike down the restrictions.

Table 8: Restrict access to mifepristone, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Preference
	The Court should rule to keep the current access to the medication abortion drug, thus overturning the lower court decision	The Court should rule that the lower court was correct in its decision, thus restricting access to the medication abortion drug	Don’t know
Total	57	27	17
Republican	37	45	18
Independent	37	29	35
Democrat	79	8	12
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is reviewing a lower court decision that would significantly restrict (but not eliminate altogether) access to a drug used in medication abortions, mifepristone. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: The Court should rule to keep the current access to the medication abortion drug, thus overturning the lower court decision
Response option: The Court should rule that the lower court was correct in its decision, thus restricting access to the medication abortion drug.

On Feb. 26, the Court heard arguments in two cases, NetChoice, LLC v. Paxton and Moody v. NetChoice, LLC, dealing with how much social media companies can control the content of user postings on their sites, as well as the extent to which governments can regulate those decisions. We asked the question:

“The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning laws that regulate how large social media companies like Facebook and YouTube control content posted on their sites. Which comes closer to your view? 1. The Court should rule that the companies have a First Amendment right to make decisions about what content may be presented on their sites. 2. The Court should rule that the companies cannot decide what views users may express on the sites. 3. Don’t know.”

A plurality, 47%, say social media companies have a right to make decisions regarding content on their sites, while 35% say they should not be able to restrict content and 18% say they don’t know. These results are nearly identical to those in the March survey, as shown in Table 9.

Table 9: Opinion on social media regulation

Among adults

Poll dates	Preference
	Companies can control content	Companies cannot control content	Don’t know
5/6-15/24	47	35	18
3/18-28/24	46	38	16
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning laws that regulate how large social media companies like Facebook and YouTube control content posted on their sites. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: The Court should rule that the companies have a First Amendment right to make decisions about what content may be presented on their sites.
Response option: The Court should rule that the companies cannot decide what views users may express on the sites.

Opinion on social media restrictions varies by political ideology, with conservatives more opposed to control by social media companies over content and liberals more in favor, as shown in Table 10.

Table 10: Social media restrictions, by political ideology

Among adults

	Preference
Political ideology	Companies can control content	Companies cannot control content	Don’t know
Total	47	35	18
Conservative	38	48	14
Moderate	47	35	18
Liberal	59	18	22
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning laws that regulate how large social media companies like Facebook and YouTube control content posted on their sites. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: The Court should rule that the companies have a First Amendment right to make decisions about what content may be presented on their sites.
Response option: The Court should rule that the companies cannot decide what views users may express on the sites.

Those who are the heaviest users of the internet, saying they are “almost constantly” online, are more supportive of the ability of social media companies to impose restrictions and less likely to say they don’t know. Those who use the internet less often are less in favor of such an ability but also more likely to lack an opinion. These results are shown in Table 11.

Table 11: Social media restrictions, by internet use

Among adults

Internet use	Preference
	Companies can control content	Companies cannot control content	Don’t know
Total	47	35	18
Almost constantly	53	33	14
Several times a day	47	34	19
Once a day or less	23	50	27
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning laws that regulate how large social media companies like Facebook and YouTube control content posted on their sites. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: The Court should rule that the companies have a First Amendment right to make decisions about what content may be presented on their sites.
Response option: The Court should rule that the companies cannot decide what views users may express on the sites.

On Nov. 7, the Court heard arguments in United States v. Rahimi on whether a federal law that prohibits the possession of a firearm by persons subject to domestic violence restraining orders violates the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms.

The question was worded as follows:

“The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning the constitutionality of a federal law that prohibits people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from possessing firearms. Which comes closer to your view? 1. The Court should uphold the law prohibiting gun possession by those subject to restraining orders. 2. the Court should strike down the law as a violation of the Second Amendment right to bear arms. .3. Don’t know”

A substantial majority, 75%, say the Court should uphold the federal law, while 16% say the Court should strike down the law in favor of the right to bear arms and 9% say they don’t know. Opinion is little changed from March, as shown in Table 12.

Table 12: Opinion on gun possession by someone under restraining order

Among adults

Poll dates	Preference
	Uphold law prohibiting firearm possession	Strike down law prohibiting firearm possession	Don’t know
5/6-15/24	75	16	9
3/18-28/24	72	17	11
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning the constitutionality of a federal law that prohibits people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from possessing firearms. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: The Court should uphold the law prohibiting gun possession by those subject to restraining orders.
Response option: The Court should strike down the law as a violation of the Second Amendment right to bear arms.

On this issue, 64% of Republicans and 59% of independents say the Court should uphold the law, as do 89% of Democrats, as shown in Table 13.

Table 13: Law prohibiting firearm possession, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Preference
	Uphold law prohibiting firearm possession	Strike down law prohibiting firearm possession	Don’t know
Total	75	16	9
Republican	64	26	10
Independent	59	18	23
Democrat	89	6	5
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: The U.S. Supreme Court is considering a case concerning the constitutionality of a federal law that prohibits people subject to domestic violence restraining orders from possessing firearms. Which comes closer to your view?
Response option: The Court should uphold the law prohibiting gun possession by those subject to restraining orders.
Response option: The Court should strike down the law as a violation of the Second Amendment right to bear arms.

Opinions also differ by gender and by gun ownership. Among men, 73% say the Court should uphold the prohibition of firearm possession, while 78% of women say so. There is a larger difference between gun owners, 67% of whom say possession can be prohibited, and those not owning guns, 80% of whom say the same.

Knowledge and news about the Court

The Court has had a majority of justices appointed by Republican presidents for 54 years, since 1970 (with the exception of a 14 month vacancy in 2016-17 which created a 4-4 tie), and the current Court has six justices appointed by Republicans and three appointed by Democrats. Nonetheless, 28% of adults believe a majority of justices were definitely or probably appointed by Democratic presidents. Forty percent say that a majority were probably appointed by Republican presidents, and 33% that a majority were definitely appointed by Republicans. This opinion has varied modestly since 2019, as shown in Table 14.

Table 14: Majority of Court appointed by which party’s presidents

Among adults

Poll dates	Majority appointed by
	Definitely/Probably Dem majority	Probably Rep majority	Definitely Rep majority
5/6-15/24	28	40	33
3/18-28/24	25	43	32
2/5-15/24	29	38	33
11/2-7/23	26	43	30
9/18-25/23	26	42	32
7/7-12/23	22	42	36
5/8-18/23	29	41	30
3/13-22/23	27	41	31
1/9-20/23	23	41	36
11/15-22/22	24	40	35
9/7-14/22	22	40	37
7/5-12/22	20	40	40
5/9-19/22	31	39	31
3/14-24/22	28	47	24
1/10-21/22	23	44	33
11/1-10/21	28	44	28
9/7-16/21	25	46	29
7/16-26/21	24	45	30
9/8-15/20	28	51	21
9/3-13/19	27	53	19
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current U.S. Supreme Court justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?

Knowledge of which party’s presidents have appointed a majority of the Court varies by party, with 23% of Republicans correctly saying there is definitely a majority appointed by Republicans but nearly twice that percentage of Democrats, 44%, saying so. Likewise, 37% of Republicans say a majority were definitely or probably appointed by Democrats, whereas only 18% of Democrats believe this. The full results are shown in Table 15.

Table 15: Answers on majority of Court appointed by which party’s presidents, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Majority appointed by
	Definitely/Probably Dem majority	Probably Rep majority	Definitely Rep majority
Total	28	40	33
Republican	37	40	23
Independent	31	47	22
Democrat	18	37	44
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current U.S. Supreme Court justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?

Approval of the Court varies with party and knowledge about the Court, but in opposite directions. Among both Republicans and Democrats, approval breaks as knowledge of the makeup of the Court increases: Republican approval increases and Democratic approval decreases. This striking pattern is shown in Table 16.

Table 16: Approval of the Court, by knowledge of appointed majority and by party identification

Among adults

Majority appointed by	Approval
	Approve	Disapprove
(Republican respondents)
Definitely/Probably Dem majority	32	68
Probably Rep majority	67	33
Definitely Rep majority	79	21
(Independent respondents)
Definitely/Probably Dem majority	31	69
Probably Rep majority	32	68
Definitely Rep majority	5	95
(Democrat respondents)
Definitely/Probably Dem majority	53	47
Probably Rep majority	26	74
Definitely Rep majority	9	91
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Supreme Court is handling its job?
Question: What is your guess as to whether a majority of the current U.S. Supreme Court justices were appointed by Democratic or Republican presidents?

Basis of the justices’ decisions

In May, 56% say the justices’ decisions are motivated mainly by politics, and 44% say decisions are based mainly on the law. In September 2019, 35% said mainly politics and 64% said mainly the law. The increased perception of political motivation began in January 2022 with a dramatic 17-percentage-point shift. The full trend is shown in Table 17.

Table 17: Are justices’ decisions motivated mainly by the law or mainly by politics

Among adults

Poll dates	Perceived motivation
	Mainly politics	Mainly the law
5/6-15/24	56	44
3/18-28/24	50	50
2/5-15/24	54	46
11/2-7/23	55	45
9/18-25/23	52	48
7/7-12/23	58	42
1/9-20/23	49	51
7/5-12/22	52	48
1/10-21/22	47	53
11/1-10/21	30	70
9/7-16/21	39	61
7/16-26/21	29	71
9/8-15/20	37	62
9/3-13/19	35	64
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?

Among Republicans, 60% say the justices’ decisions are based mainly on the law, while 67% of independents and 68% of Democrats say decisions are mainly based on politics. Table 18 shows these results.

Table 18: Justices’ decisions based mainly on law or politics

Among adults

Party ID	Basis of decisions
	Mainly politics	Mainly the law
Total	56	44
Republican	40	60
Independent	67	33
Democrat	68	32
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: In general, what most often motivates Supreme Court justices’ decisions?

Attention to news about the Court

Table 19 shows the trend in attention to news about the Court from September 2023 to May 2024. Few respondents had heard a lot about the Court “in the past month” in either September or November, but there has been some increase since, even though the percent hearing a lot declined slightly from March to May. With major decisions to come by the expected end of the term in late June, awareness of news about the Court is likely to increase.

Table 19: Attention to news about the Court

Among adults

Poll dates	How much heard or read
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all
5/6-15/24	27	52	21
3/18-28/24	30	50	19
2/5-15/24	24	56	20
11/2-7/23	15	60	25
9/18-25/23	17	61	22
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?

Confidence in institutions

Confidence in several institutions is summarized in Table 20. Juries in criminal cases enjoy the highest confidence of the five institutions and the lowest percentage drawing little or no confidence. Each of the other institutions has more respondents expressing little or no confidence than expressing a great deal or quite a lot of confidence. The U.S. Supreme Court has the second highest level of confidence, followed very closely by the U.S. Department of Justice and the presidency, with some differences in those saying little or no confidence. Congress suffers the lowest confidence rating, with 11% expressing a great deal or a lot of confidence and 53% saying they have little or no confidence in Congress.

Table 20: Confidence in institutions

Among adults

Institution	Confidence
	Great deal/a lot	Some	Little/None
Juries that decide criminal cases	35	41	24
U.S. Supreme Court	24	37	40
The U.S. Department of Justice	23	39	38
The Presidency	23	31	46
Congress	11	36	53
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, May 6-15, 2024
Question: Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?

Perceived ideological leaning of the Court

In May, 25% say they would describe the Supreme Court as “very conservative,” 32% would describe it as “somewhat conservative,” and 31% would call the Court “moderate,” while 10% see the Court as “somewhat liberal” and 2% believe it is “very liberal.”

Views of the Court have shifted to the right since 2019, as shown in Table 21, with fewer seeing the Court as moderate. Perception of the Court as very conservative peaked in July 2022.

Table 21: Perceived ideological leaning of the Court, 2019-2024

Among adults

Poll dates	Perceived ideology
	Very conservative	Somewhat conservative	Moderate	Somewhat liberal	Very liberal
5/6-15/24	25	32	31	10	2
3/18-28/24	25	32	33	8	3
2/5-15/24	21	34	33	7	5
11/2-7/23	21	35	32	7	5
9/18-25/23	20	37	32	7	3
7/7-12/23	27	35	28	7	3
5/8-18/23	24	33	30	10	3
3/13-22/23	23	35	34	6	2
1/9-20/23	22	37	31	8	2
11/15-22/22	25	36	32	6	2
9/7-14/22	29	35	27	5	3
7/5-12/22	34	33	21	7	3
5/9-19/22	23	33	34	8	2
3/14-24/22	15	37	36	10	2
1/10-21/22	17	38	35	8	2
11/1-10/21	15	35	39	8	1
9/7-16/21	16	35	40	7	2
7/16-26/21	13	37	42	6	1
9/8-15/20	5	30	54	9	2
9/3-13/19	5	33	50	9	3
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: May 6-15, 2024
Question: In general, would you describe each of the following… The U.S. Supreme Court

About the Marquette Law School Poll

The survey was conducted May 6-15, 2024, interviewing 1,033 adults nationwide, with a margin of error of +/-4.3 percentage points. Interviews were conducted using the SSRS Opinion Panel, a national probability sample with interviews conducted online. The detailed methodology statement, survey instrument, topline results, and crosstabs for this release are available on the Marquette Law School Poll website. Some items from this survey are held for later release.

Enthusiasm gap in presidential race, favoring Trump; enthusiasm overall for voting considerably lower than four years ago

MILWAUKEE – A new Marquette Law School Poll survey of Wisconsin finds Republican former President Donald Trump supported by 51% of registered voters and Democratic President Joe Biden by 49%. Among likely voters also, Trump is the choice of 51% and Biden of 49%.

In the U.S. Senate race, Democratic Sen. Tammy Baldwin is supported by 52% and Republican challenger Eric Hovde by 47% among registered voters. Among likely voters, the race is a tie, with 50% for both Baldwin and Hovde. These results include initially undecided voters who are then asked which candidate they would pick if they had to decide. The initial question, including undecided voters, produces slightly different results, with Baldwin at 44%, Hovde at 37%, and undecided at 18% among registered voters. Among likely voters, Baldwin was favored by 45%, Hovde by 41%, and 15% were initially undecided.

In January, Trump received 49% and Biden 49% among registered voters, and Trump received 50% and Biden 49% among likely voters. Those results included initially undecided voters who were then asked whom they would vote for if they had to choose between Biden and Trump. The recent trend in vote choice is shown in Table 1. (All results in the tables are stated as percentages; the precise wording of the questions can be found in the online link noted above.)

Table 1: Vote for Biden or Trump

Poll dates	Vote choice
	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Haven’t decided/Neither
Registered voters
4/3-10/24	49	51	0
1/24-31/24	49	49	2
10/26-11/2/23	50	48	1
Likely voters
4/3-10/24	49	51	0
1/24-31/24	49	50	1
10/26-11/2/23	50	48	1
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the 2024 election for president were held today between former President Donald Trump, the Republican, and President Joe Biden, the Democrat, would you vote for Donald Trump or for Joe Biden or haven’t you decided?
Question: If you had to choose, would you vote for Biden or for Trump?

The survey was conducted April 3-10, 2024, interviewing 814 Wisconsin registered voters, with a margin of error of +/-4.8 percentage points. Of the full sample, 736 are considered likely voters, and the margin of error for that group is +/-5 percentage points.

The initial question on the presidential race includes the option for “haven’t decided.” Among registered voters, the undecided have declined from 12% in November to 8% in April. The trend in vote choice, including undecided, is shown in Table 2. A higher proportion of registered voters remain undecided than among likely voters. In each case, the undecided group remains larger than the margin between the candidates.

Table 2: Vote for Biden or Trump, including initially undecided

Poll dates	Vote choice
	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Haven’t decided
Registered voters
4/3-10/24	44	47	8
1/24-31/24	44	44	12
10/26-11/2/23	45	42	12
Likely voters
4/3-10/24	45	48	6
1/24-31/24	44	46	10
10/26-11/2/23	47	45	8
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the 2024 election for president were held today between former President Donald Trump, the Republican, and President Joe Biden, the Democrat, would you vote for Donald Trump or for Joe Biden or haven’t you decided?

When third-party candidates are included (and the undecided are asked to pick), Trump receives 41% and Biden 40% among registered voters. Independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. receives 13%, Green Party candidate Jill Stein is the choice of 3%, and independent candidate Cornel West receives 2%.

Among likely voters in the five-way race, Trump is the choice of 42%, Biden 41%, Kennedy 12%, Stein 3%, and West 1%. The trend is shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Vote including third party candidates

Poll dates	Vote choice
	Biden	Trump	Kennedy, Jr.	Stein	West	Don’t know
Registered voters
4/3-10/24	40	41	13	3	2	1
1/24-31/24	37	40	16	4	2	1
Likely voters
4/3-10/24	41	42	12	3	1	1
1/24-31/24	39	41	13	4	2	1
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the presidential ballot included additional candidates, would you vote for Democrat Joe Biden,  Republican Donald Trump, independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr., independent Cornel West, or the Green Party’s Jill Stein?

Presidential vote by party identification

Table 4 shows the Biden vs. Trump results by party identification. Among Democrats, 97% support Biden with 3% crossing over to Trump. Among Republicans, 91% say they will vote for Trump with 9% crossing over to Biden. Independents lean substantially to Trump in this month’s survey, with 59% for Trump and 41% voting for Biden. Partisan loyalty is at its highest level since November for both parties in the April poll.

Independents have varied in which candidate they support in recent polling, as seen in Table 5. The variability in independent vote is due to both lack of partisan attachment and to the small sample size among independents, who make up 12% of registered voters in this survey.

Table 4: Vote for Biden or Trump

Among registered voters

Party ID	Vote choice
	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Haven’t decided/Neither
4/3-10/24
Republican	9	91	0
Independent	41	59	0
Democrat	97	3	0
1/24-31/24
Republican	10	90	0
Independent	49	42	8
Democrat	91	9	0
10/26-11/2/23
Republican	10	88	1
Independent	47	47	4
Democrat	94	6	0
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the 2024 election for president were held today between former President Donald Trump, the Republican, and President Joe Biden, the Democrat, would you vote for Donald Trump or for Joe Biden or haven’t you decided?
Question: If you had to choose, would you vote for Biden or for Trump?

In the five-way ballot test, Kennedy takes more votes from Republicans than from Democrats and an especially large share from independents. Stein and West take more votes from Democrats than from Republicans. Independents are much more likely to support one of the third-party candidates than are either Democrats or Republicans. These results are shown in Table 6.

Table 5: Five-way ballot, by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Vote choice
	Biden	Trump	Kennedy, Jr.	Stein	West	Don’t know
4/3-10/24
Republican	4	79	13	3	0	1
Independent	23	32	32	5	4	5
Democrat	85	1	8	4	2	0
1/24-31/24
Republican	5	76	16	1	1	0
Independent	33	27	28	3	4	2
Democrat	73	5	12	8	2	1
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the presidential ballot included additional candidates, would you vote for Democrat Joe Biden, Republican Donald Trump, independent Robert F. Kennedy Jr, independent Cornel West, or Green Party’s Jill Stein?

Senate vote by party identification

Among Democratic registered voters, Baldwin receives the support of 94% and Hovde wins 6%. Among Republicans, Hovde holds 85%, while Baldwin takes 13%. Independents substantially favor Baldwin by 61% to Hovde’s 37%.

With likely voters, partisan loyalty is slightly higher for both parties, but independents split almost evenly, 51% for Baldwin and 49% for Hovde.

Table 6: Vote for Baldwin or Hovde

Among registered voters

Party ID	Vote choice
	Poll dates	Tammy Baldwin	Eric Hovde	Haven’t decided
Registered voters
Republican	4/3-10/24	13	85	2
Independent	4/3-10/24	61	37	2
Democrat	4/3-10/24	94	6	0
Likely voters
Republican	4/3-10/24	11	87	2
Independent	4/3-10/24	51	49	1
Democrat	4/3-10/24	95	5	0
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the 2024 election for U.S. Senate were held today between Eric Hovde, the Republican, and Tammy Baldwin, the Democrat, would you vote for Eric Hovde or for Tammy Baldwin or haven’t you decided?
Question: If you had to choose, would you vote for Hovde or for Baldwin?

Enthusiasm and likelihood of voting

Registered voters are less enthusiastic about voting than they were in March 2020, as shown in Table 7. In the current survey, 47% say they are “very enthusiastic” about voting in November, compared to 67% in late March 2020. Enthusiasm has fluctuated over the most recent three polls, with a small increase in “not at all enthusiastic,” rising from 6% in November to 12% in April.

Table 7: Enthusiasm to vote in November election

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Enthusiasm
	Very	Somewhat	Not too	Not at all
4/3-10/24	47	22	18	12
1/24-31/24	49	25	17	9
10/26-11/2/23	46	28	19	6
3/24-29/20	67	21	7	5
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: (2024) How enthusiastic are you about voting in the elections in November 2024 for president and other offices? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not too, or not at all enthusiastic?
Question: (2020) How enthusiastic are you about voting in this November’s elections? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not too, or not at all enthusiastic?

Those who are more enthusiastic substantially prefer Trump to Biden, while those less enthusiastic prefer Biden to Trump, as shown in Table 8.

Table 8: Vote for Biden or Trump, by enthusiasm

Among registered voters

Enthusiasm	Vote choice 2024
	Joe Biden	Donald Trump	Haven’t decided/Neither
Very enthusiastic	41	59	0
Somewhat enthusiastic	45	55	0
Not too enthusiastic	64	36	0
Not at all enthusiastic	62	37	1
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the 2024 election for president were held today between former President Donald Trump, the Republican, and President Joe Biden, the Democrat, would you vote for Donald Trump or for Joe Biden or haven’t you decided?
Question: If you had to choose, would you vote for Biden or for Trump?
Question: How enthusiastic are you about voting in the elections in November 2024 for president and other offices? Would you say you are very, somewhat, not too, or not at all enthusiastic?

Favorability of presidential candidates

Table 9 shows the trend in favorability to presidential candidates among all registered voters. All the candidates are viewed more unfavorably than favorably, and the independent or third-party candidates are much less well known than Biden or Trump.

Biden’s net favorability has been increasingly negative, while Trump’s is less net negative than in November. Biden is now more net negative than Trump, reversing the order of November.

Table 9: Favorability to presidential candidates

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Favorability
	Net favorable	Favorable	Unfavorable	Haven’t heard enough
Joe Biden
4/3-10/24	-19	40	59	1
1/24-31/24	-17	41	58	1
10/26-11/2/23	-14	42	56	2
Donald Trump
4/3-10/24	-13	43	56	1
1/24-31/24	-18	40	58	1
10/26-11/2/23	-24	37	61	2
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
4/3-10/24	-15	30	45	25
1/24-31/24	2	35	33	32
10/26-11/2/23	-8	31	39	30
Cornel West
4/3-10/24	-8	7	15	75
1/24-31/24	-12	7	19	73
10/26-11/2/23	-14	6	20	69
Jill Stein
4/3-10/24	-13	8	21	69
1/24-31/24	-14	10	24	66
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin surveys, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of (INSERT NAME) or haven’t you heard enough about them yet?

A significant share of voters, 17%, see both Biden and Trump unfavorably, a number that has held quite steady. Their combined favorability trend is shown in Table 10.

Table 10: Combined favorability to Biden and Trump

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Combined Favorability
	Biden fav, Trump fav	Biden fav, Trump unfav	Biden unfav, Trump fav	Biden unfav, Trump unfav	DK Biden or Trump
4/3-10/24	2	38	41	17	2
1/24-31/24	2	40	38	18	2
10/26-11/2/23	1	41	36	18	4
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of (INSERT NAME) or haven’t you heard enough about them yet?

Senate candidate favorability

Baldwin’s net favorability has improved since January, rising to +5 from -3. Hovde’s net favorability has declined slightly, from -2 to -5. Both candidates are better known in April than they were last June. The percent saying they haven’t heard enough about Baldwin has decreased from 22% in June to 11% in April. Hovde is much less well known but has seen dramatically improved public awareness of him, going from 85% who didn’t know enough about him in June to 56% in April. These trends are shown in Table 11.

Table 11: Favorability to Senate candidates

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Favorability
	Net favorable	Favorable	Unfavorable	Haven’t heard enough
Tammy Baldwin
4/3-10/24	5	47	42	11
1/24-31/24	-3	42	45	13
10/26-11/2/23	-2	41	43	15
6/8-13/23	3	40	37	22
Eric Hovde
4/3-10/24	-5	19	24	56
1/24-31/24	-2	7	9	82
6/8-13/23	-4	4	8	85
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin surveys, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of (INSERT NAME) or haven’t you heard enough about them yet?

A comparison from 2012

Coincidentally, in 2012 both Baldwin and Hovde were non-incumbent candidates in their respective party’s Senate primaries, allowing a comparison of current results to their first efforts in statewide campaigns.

Baldwin, a member of Congress in 2012, was better known than Hovde throughout the pre-primary season, though over 30% said they did not know enough about her up to the date of the August primary. After the primary Baldwin became better known, with those not knowing enough to give an opinion about her falling to 15% in the final poll before the November election. Her net favorability was generally in the negative single digits. Baldwin was unopposed in the 2024 Democratic primary.

Hovde was somewhat less well known through most of the 2012 pre-primary campaign than he is in this year’s April poll, with more than 60% then saying they didn’t know enough to have an opinion of him. This declined to 49% in the final 2012 pre-primary poll. His net favorability fluctuated in the positive single digits, but fell to -4 in the final pre-primary poll. Hovde faced a four-person Republican primary, losing to former Gov. Tommy Thompson, 34% to 31%.

These trends are shown in Table 12.

Table 12: Favorability to Senate candidates in 2012

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Favorability
	Net favorable	Favorable	Unfavorable	Haven’t heard enough
Tammy Baldwin
10/25-28/12	-8	36	44	15
10/11-14/12	-16	31	47	18
9/27-30/12	-2	37	39	20
9/13-16/12	5	36	31	28
8/16-19/12	-5	32	37	27
8/2-5/12	-5	30	35	32
7/5-8/12	-5	26	31	38
6/13-16/12	-3	27	30	39
5/23-26/12	0	26	26	39
3/22-25/12	-6	20	26	46
2/16-19/12	-6	21	27	49
1/19-22/12	2	23	21	50
Eric Hovde
8/2-5/12	-4	21	25	49
7/5-8/12	7	19	12	61
6/13-16/12	1	14	13	62
5/23-26/12	2	15	13	61
3/22-25/12	-3	6	9	69
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin surveys, Jan.-Oct. 2012
Question: Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of (INSERT NAME) or haven’t you heard enough about them yet?

Issues in the campaign

Table 13 shows which presidential candidate is thought to do a better job on seven issues. Trump is seen as better on immigration and border security, the Israel-Hamas war, and the economy, and holds a slight edge on handling foreign relations. Biden has an advantage in perceptions on Medicare and Social Security, abortion policy, and health care.

A substantial percentage, between 15%-26%, say on each issue that both candidates would be about the same or that neither would be good. These voters could change their minds over the course of the campaign, providing an opportunity for change in these perceptions.

Table 13: Which candidate would do a better job on issues

Among registered voters

Issue	Who better
	Biden	Trump	Both about the same	Neither good
Immigration and border security	28	53	8	11
Israel-Hamas war	26	46	8	18
The economy	34	52	9	6
Foreign relations	41	44	5	10
Medicare and Social Security	45	37	12	6
Abortion policy	46	37	7	10
Health care	45	35	12	8
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Do you think Joe Biden or Donald Trump would do a better job handling each of the following issues, they are both about the same or would neither be good on the issue?

Most important issues

Respondents were asked which of seven issues would be most important for deciding their vote. The economy is the top-rated issue, followed by immigration, abortion policy, and Medicare and Social Security. The other issues remain in single digits, as shown in Table 14.

Table 14: Most important issues

Among registered voters

Response	Percent
The economy	33
Immigration and border security	21
Abortion policy	13
Medicare and Social Security	11
Foreign relations	6
Health care	5
The war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza	2
Don’t know	8
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Which one of the following issues will be MOST important in deciding your vote for president?

Partisans differ on the most important issues, as shown in Table 15. Republicans are much more likely to rank the economy and immigration as most important, while placing little weight on any of the other issues. Independents rank the economy and immigration as their two top issues, with Medicare and Social Security as their third highest concern. Democrats put abortion policy as their top concern, closely followed by the economy and Medicare and Social Security.

Table 15: Most important issues by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Issue
	The economy	Immigration and border security	Health care	Foreign relations	Abortion policy	Medicare & Social Security	The war between Israel and Hamas in Gaza	Don’t know
Republican	43	37	1	4	5	3	1	6
Independent	31	23	8	9	5	14	0	10
Democrat	22	1	9	8	24	19	4	11
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Which one of the following issues will be MOST important in deciding your vote for president?

Immigration

Views of immigration and the policy that should be pursued concerning people who are in the country illegally vary with how the question is framed. The question that has been asked since 2012 is framed in terms of undocumented people currently working in the U.S.

Which comes closest to your view about undocumented immigrants who are currently working in the U.S.?

1. They should be allowed to stay in their jobs and to eventually apply for U.S. citizenship
2. They should be allowed to stay in their jobs only as temporary guest workers but not to apply for U.S. citizenship
3. They should be required to leave their jobs and leave the U.S.

Just under half say undocumented workers should be allowed to stay and eventually apply for citizenship, while nearly a third say they should be required to leave the country and about a sixth say they should stay only as guest workers.

The option to stay and eventually apply for citizenship for undocumented immigrants is favored by 49% in the current poll, down from 67% in February 2020 and 64% in April 2022.

There has been an increase in the percentage saying that these immigrants should be required to leave the U.S., which is 30% in the April poll. That is up from 13% in Feb. 2020 and 16% in April 2022. This is the highest support for requiring undocumented residents to leave the country in the 22 polls that have asked this question. The full trend is shown in Table 16.

Table 16: Policy toward undocumented immigrants working in the U.S.

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Policy options
	Stay and apply for citizenship	Stay as temporary guest workers	Required to leave jobs and U.S.	Don’t know
4/3-10/24	49	16	30	5
4/19-24/22	64	16	16	4
2/19-23/20	67	15	13	3
10/24-28/18	65	15	15	3
9/12-16/18	68	15	14	3
2/25-3/1/18	71	14	9	4
3/13-16/17	66	17	14	2
9/15-18/16	62	19	16	2
8/25-28/16	62	19	15	3
8/4-7/16	60	19	17	3
6/9-12/16	60	18	17	4
3/24-28/16	60	22	16	2
1/21-24/16	57	17	21	4
8/13-16/15	49	25	23	3
10/23-26/14	52	20	24	3
10/21-24/13	61	20	16	2
5/6-9/13	58	19	20	2
3/11-13/13	57	17	21	4
10/25-28/12	53	19	22	5
10/11-14/12	52	21	21	4
9/27-30/12	52	19	22	6
9/13-16/12	51	23	20	4
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Which comes closest to your view about undocumented immigrants who are currently working in the U.S.

An alternative framing of the issue with no mention of working or options for staying in the U.S., asked later in the survey, is worded as:

“Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries?”

With this wording, a majority, 56%, favor deportations, while 39% are opposed and 5% say they don’t know.

Those who favor an eventual-citizenship path, as well as those who favor deportation, when worker status is mentioned in the first question, hold those opinions in the second framing of the question. Those who favor allowing undocumented workers to stay but only as guest workers are substantially in favor of deportation when the worker status in not mentioned.

The relationship between the two questions is shown in Table 17. Of those saying stay and apply for citizenship, 68% oppose deportation of those in the U.S. illegally on the second question. Of those who favor guest worker status, 73% say they favor deportation on the second question. Those who favored requiring undocumented workers to leave almost all, 94%, favor deportation of immigrants in the U.S. illegally.

Table 17: Relationship between policy framings on immigration

Among registered voters

Undocumented workers	Deport those illegally in U.S.
	Favor	Oppose	Don’t know
Stay and apply for citizenship	25	68	6
Stay as temporary guest workers	73	26	0
Required to leave jobs and U.S.	94	4	2
Don’t know	73	8	19
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Which comes closest to your view about undocumented immigrants who are currently working in the U.S.? 1. They should be allowed to stay in their jobs and to eventually apply for U.S. citizenship 2. They should be allowed to stay in their jobs only as temporary guest workers but not to apply for U.S. citizenship 3. They should be required to leave their jobs and leave the U.S.
Question: Do you favor or oppose deporting immigrants who are living in the United States illegally back to their home countries?

Abortion

A majority of the public continues to oppose the Dobbs decision overturning the constitutional right to abortion recognized in Roe v. Wade, with 62% opposed and 37% in favor of the decision. Opinion has been generally stable since August 2022, as shown in Table 18.

Table 18: Favor or oppose the Dobbs decision overturning Roe v. Wade

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Favor or oppose
	Favor	Oppose	DK/Ref
4/3-10/24	37	62	1
1/24-31/24	34	66	0
10/26-11/2/23	35	57	8
6/8-13/23	31	64	4
10/24-11/1/22	37	55	8
10/3-9/22	33	60	7
9/6-11/22	30	63	7
8/10-15/22	33	60	7
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: In 2022, the Supreme Court overturned Roe versus Wade, thus striking down the 1973 decision that made abortion legal in all 50 states. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

A majority, 54%, favor a national ban on abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy with exceptions for rape, incest, and the life and health of the mother, while 43% are opposed and 3% didn’t know. This is the first time this question has been asked.

In January, a question was asked about a state policy for a 14-week ban, which was then being discussed in the legislature. In that poll, 45% favored such a policy, while 48% were opposed and 8% said they didn’t know.

Health care

Health care did not rise to the top of the most important problems, but there has been increased political discussion of the Affordable Care Act or “Obamacare” in recent months. In April, a majority, 51%, have a favorable view of the law, with 38% unfavorable and 11% who don’t know. Views of the ACA have improved since 2017, the year efforts to replace the law failed in Congress, as shown in Table 19.

Table 19: Views of the Affordable Care Act or Obamacare

Among registered voters

Poll dates	View of ACA
	Favorable	Unfavorable	Don’t know
4/3-10/24	51	38	11
2/19-23/20	48	48	4
4/3-7/19	45	49	6
9/12-16/18	47	45	7
6/22-25/17	41	51	7
3/13-16/17	45	46	8
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: As you may know, a health reform bill was signed into law in 2010, often called the Affordable Care Act or Obamacare. Given what you know about the health reform law, do you have a generally favorable or generally unfavorable opinion of it?

Biden and Trump presidential job approval

Biden’s job approval in April stands at 40%, a one-point decline in approval since January, with disapproval at 57%. Table 20 shows the recent trend in job approval.

Table 20: Biden job approval

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Job approval
	Total approve	Total disapprove	Strongly approve	Somewhat approve	Somewhat disapprove	Strongly disapprove
4/3-10/24	40	57	16	24	8	49
1/24-31/24	41	58	18	23	10	48
10/26-11/2/23	42	57	17	25	12	44
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?

Biden approval by party identification is shown in Table 21. Republicans are nearly unanimous in their disapproval of Biden at 95%, with independents’ disapproval at 55% and approval at 34%. Democrats are quite approving of Biden at 81%, with16% disapproving.

Table 21: Biden job approval, by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Job approval
	Approve	Disapprove	Don’t know
Republican	5	95	1
Independent	34	55	9
Democrat	81	16	3
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?

The April poll also asked respondents if they approved or disapproved of the job Trump did when he was president. Forty-seven percent approved and 52% disapproved. This matches Trump’s approval in the last Marquette Law School Poll survey before the 2020 election, when 47% approved and 52% disapproved.

Table 22 shows Trump approval by party identification. Virtually all Democrats, 97%, disapprove of how Trump handled his job as president, while a large majority of Republicans, 86%, approved. Independents are closely balanced, with 49% approving and 47% disapproving.

Table 22: Trump job approval, by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Job approval
	Approve	Disapprove	Don’t know
Republican	86	14	0
Independent	49	47	1
Democrat	3	97	0
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump handled his job when he was president?

Vote choice is strongly related to approval, though Biden wins a majority of voters among those who somewhat disapprove of the job he is doing, as shown in Table 23.

Table 23: Biden vs. Trump, by Biden job approval

Among registered voters

Biden job approval	Vote choice
	Joe Biden	Donald Trump
Total	49	51
Strongly approve	100	0
Somewhat approve	96	3
Somewhat disapprove	56	43
Strongly disapprove	8	92
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the 2024 election for president were held today between former President Donald Trump, the Republican, and President Joe Biden, the Democrat, would you vote for Donald Trump or for Joe Biden or haven’t you decided?
Question: If you had to choose, would you vote for Biden or for Trump?
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Joe Biden is handling his job as president?

In contrast with Biden, those who somewhat disapprove of the job Trump did as president give a majority of their vote to Biden: 59%, compared with 40% who prefer Trump. Table 24 shows vote by approval of Trump’s job as president.

Table 24: Biden vs. Trump, by Trump job approval

Among registered voters

Trump job approval	Vote choice
	Joe Biden	Donald Trump
Total	49	51
Strongly approve	1	99
Somewhat approve	7	92
Somewhat disapprove	59	40
Strongly disapprove	95	4
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: If the 2024 election for president were held today between former President Donald Trump, the Republican, and President Joe Biden, the Democrat, would you vote for Donald Trump or for Joe Biden or haven’t you decided?
Question: If you had to choose, would you vote for Biden or for Trump?
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump handled his job when he was president?

Characteristics of Biden and Trump

Table 25 shows how well voters regard various phrases as describing Biden and Trump.

Corruption charges have been leveled against both candidates, with 61% saying “has behaved corruptly” describes Trump and 47% saying this describes Biden.

Biden is seen as having the right temperament to be president by 52%, while 41% say Trump has the right temperament.

Biden is seen as too old to be president by 80%, compared to those who see Trump as too old, 58%.

On “shares your values,” 48% say this describes Biden and 45% say it describes Trump.

On their records as president, Trump has an advantage, with 58% saying “strong record of accomplishments” describes him while 44% say this describes Biden.

Table 25: How well does this phrase describe Biden or Trump

Among registered voters

Candidate	How well phrase describes
	Poll dates	Very/somewhat well	Not too/not at all well
Has behaved corruptly
Biden	4/3-10/24	47	53
Biden	1/24-31/24	49	50
Biden	10/26-11/2/23	47	52
Trump	4/3-10/24	61	38
Trump	1/24-31/24	67	32
Trump	10/26-11/2/23	67	32
Has the right temperament to be president
Biden	4/3-10/24	52	48
Trump	4/3-10/24	41	59
Is too old to be president
Biden	4/3-10/24	80	18
Biden	1/24-31/24	82	17
Biden	10/26-11/2/23	77	22
Trump	4/3-10/24	58	41
Trump	1/24-31/24	56	44
Trump	10/26-11/2/23	54	45
Shares your values
Biden	4/3-10/24	48	52
Biden	1/24-31/24	46	53
Biden	10/26-11/2/23	46	54
Trump	4/3-10/24	45	55
Trump	1/24-31/24	42	58
Trump	10/26-11/2/23	42	58
Strong record of accomplishments as president
Biden	4/3-10/24	44	56
Biden	1/24-31/24	43	57
Biden	10/26-11/2/23	41	58
Trump	4/3-10/24	58	42
Trump	1/24-31/24	52	48
Trump	10/26-11/2/23	50	50
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: How well does each of the following phrases describe (Joe Biden)(Donald Trump)?

Direction of the state, economic conditions, and personal financial situation

A majority of registered voters say the state of Wisconsin is on the wrong track, 59%, while 41% say it is headed in the right direction. In January, 57% said the state was on the wrong track, and 42% said it was headed in the right direction. The recent trend for this opinion is shown in Table 26.

Table 26: Right direction or wrong track

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Direction of state
	Right direction	Wrong track	Don’t know
4/3-10/24	41	59	0
1/24-31/24	42	57	0
10/26-11/2/23	36	62	2
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Thinking just about the state of Wisconsin, do you feel things in Wisconsin are generally going in the right direction, or do you feel things have gotten off on the wrong track?

A majority of Democrats see the state headed in the right direction, while a majority of Republicans and independents say the state is on the wrong track, as shown in Table 27.

Table 27: Right direction or wrong track, by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Direction of the state
	Right direction	Wrong track
Total	41	59
Republican	21	79
Independent	36	62
Democrat	65	34
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Thinking just about the state of Wisconsin, do you feel things in Wisconsin are generally going in the right direction, or do you feel things have gotten off on the wrong track?

The national economy is seen as excellent by only 5%, as good by 28%, as not so good by 38%, and as poor by 28%. Views of the economy dipped slightly from January to April, as shown in Table 28.

Table 28: Views of the national economy

Among registered voters

Poll dates	National economy
	Excellent	Good	Not so good	Poor
4/3-10/24	5	28	38	28
1/24-31/24	6	32	34	28
10/26-11/2/23	3	24	36	37
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: How would you describe the state of the nation’s economy these days?

Views of the economy differ sharply by party identification, as shown in Table 29, with Republicans quite negative and Democrats quite positive. Independents are more negative than positive, though less negative than Republicans.

Table 29: Views of the national economy, by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Description of national economy
	Excellent	Good	Not so good	Poor
Total	5	28	38	28
Republican	0	9	46	44
Independent	2	31	34	33
Democrat	12	50	31	8
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: How would you describe the state of the nation’s economy these days?

Respondents see the Wisconsin economy as better than the national economy. The comparison is shown in Table 30.

Table 30: Wisconsin economy vs. national economy

Among registered voters

State or national	View of economy
	Excellent	Good	Not so good	Poor
Wisconsin economy	6	38	42	14
National economy	5	28	38	28
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: How would you describe the state of the Wisconsin economy these days?
Question: How would you describe the state of the nation’s economy these days?

Partisan differences are also strong in views of Wisconsin’s economy, though views of the state are more positive than of the nation across each partisan category, as shown in Table 31.

Table 31: Views of the Wisconsin economy, by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Description of Wisconsin economy
	Excellent	Good	Not so good	Poor
Total	6	38	42	14
Republican	0	23	55	21
Independent	6	34	42	17
Democrat	11	56	26	6
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: How would you describe the state of the Wisconsin economy these days?

Their family financial situation is seen by respondents as a little worse in April than in January. Among registered voters, 45% say they are living comfortably. That is a four-point drop from January, with a two-point increase each for “just getting by” to 40% and “struggling” to 15%. This trend is shown in Table 32.

Table 32: Family financial situation

Among registered voters

Poll dates	Financial situation
	Living comfortably	Just getting by	Struggling
4/3-10/24	45	40	15
1/24-31/24	49	38	13
10/26-11/2/23	48	36	15
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Thinking about your family’s financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?

Partisan differences in personal financial situation are shown in Table 33. Republicans are less likely to say they are living comfortably than either independents or Democrats.

Table 33: Family financial situation, by party identification

Among registered voters

Party ID	Family financial situation
	Living comfortably	Just getting by	Struggling
Total	45	40	15
Republican	38	47	14
Independent	44	33	23
Democrat	54	34	13
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Thinking about your family’s financial situation, would you say you are living comfortably, just getting by, or struggling to make ends meet?

Approval of governor, legislature, and state Supreme Court

Table 34 shows the job approval ratings for Gov. Tony Evers, the Wisconsin legislature, and the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Evers’ approval is 52% and disapproval is 44%. In January, Evers’s approval was 51% and disapproval was 44%.

Table 34: Approval of governor, the legislature, and state Supreme Court

Among registered voters

	Approval
Approval of	Poll dates	Approve	Disapprove	Don’t know
Tony Evers	4/3-10/24	52	44	3
Tony Evers	1/24-31/24	51	44	5
Tony Evers	10/26-11/2/23	53	46	2
The Wisconsin legislature	4/3-10/24	34	56	9
The Wisconsin legislature	1/24-31/24	34	58	8
The Wisconsin legislature	10/26-11/2/23	40	57	3
The Wisconsin state Supreme Court	4/3-10/24	46	39	15
The Wisconsin state Supreme Court	1/24-31/24	45	43	13
The Wisconsin state Supreme Court	10/26-11/2/23	51	43	5
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, latest April 3-10, 2024
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way Tony Evers is handling his job as Governor of Wisconsin?
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way the Wisconsin legislature is handling its job?
Question: Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way the Wisconsin state Supreme Court is handling its job?

Favorability of state elected officials

Favorability ratings of Sen. Ron Johnson, Evers, and Assembly Speaker Robin Vos are shown in Table 35. Vos is far less known statewide than are the others.

Table 35: Favorability of state political figures

Among registered voters

Favorability to	Favorability
	Favorable	Unfavorable	Haven’t heard enough	Don’t know
Ron Johnson	39	51	11	NA
Tony Evers	50	45	5	0
Robin Vos	17	37	44	1
Marquette Law School Poll, Wisconsin survey, April 3-10, 2024
Question: Do you have a favorable or unfavorable opinion of (INSERT NAME) or haven’t you heard enough about them yet?

About the Marquette Law School Poll

The Marquette Law School Poll is the most extensive statewide polling project in Wisconsin history. The survey was conducted April 3-10, 2024, interviewing 814 Wisconsin registered voters, with a margin of error of +/-4.8 percentage points. The sample contains 736 likely voters, those who say they are absolutely certain to vote in November, with a margin of error of +/-5 percentage points.

The survey was conducted with a hybrid sample of 588 respondents selected from the Wisconsin voter registration list and 226 selected from the SSRS Opinion Panel, a sample drawn from postal addresses across the state and invited to take part in surveys online. The interview was conducted online with 653 respondents and with 161 by telephone with a live interviewer. Full details of the methodology are contained in the methodology statement at the link below.

The partisan makeup of the sample is 34% Republican, 31% Democratic, and 34% independent. Since January 2020, the long-term partisan balance has been 30% Republican and 29% Democratic, with 40% independent.

The entire questionnaire, methodology statement, full results and breakdowns by demographic groups are available at law.marquette.edu/poll/results-and-data.