Americans are overall pessimistic on reducing intense political conflict; half of those polled say heated language by leaders makes violence more likely

Also:

• 58% say it is always unacceptable to be happy about the death of someone they oppose; 89% say political violence is always unjustified
• Majorities of all partisan groups view tariffs as a bargaining chip for Trump, not policies he intends to enforce
• Approval of Trump’s job performance continues to slowly decline, with 43% approval now
• Majorities think that Trump policies increase inflation and that inflation will increase in the next year

Please note: Complete Poll results and methodology information can be found online at law.marquette.edu/poll

MILWAUKEE – A new Marquette Law School Poll national survey conducted following the shooting death of conservative activist Charlie Kirk on Sept. 10, 2025, finds that 38% of Americans think the threat of violence against political leaders is a very big problem, with an additional 38% who say it is a moderately big problem. It is seen as a small problem by 19% and not a problem at all by just 4%.

Half of Republicans say the threat of violence is a very big problem, while 27% of independents and 30% of Democrats see it as a very big problem.

Asked which is a bigger problem, 27% of respondents say left-wing violence while 22% say right-wing violence. Just over half, 51%, say both are equally a problem. Perception of this is dramatically different for each party. Among Republicans, 57% say left-wing violence is the bigger problem and just 3% say right-wing violence is more of a problem. Democrats see a near mirror image, with 50% who see right-wing violence as the bigger problem and only 4% who say left-wing violence is the greater problem. Independents see equal blame for both sides, with 87% saying left and right are equally a problem, 4% saying the left is more of the problem, and 9% saying the right is the bigger problem.

The survey was conducted Sept. 15-24, 2025, interviewing 1,043 adults nationwide, with a margin of error of +/-3.3 percentage points.

Just under half, 49%, say elected officials using heated or aggressive language to talk about political opponents makes political violence much more likely. Thirty-seven percent say this makes violence somewhat more likely, and 14% say such rhetoric does not make political violence at all more likely. While Republicans view the threat of political violence as a bigger problem than do Democrats, perceptions between the parties are reversed on the question of aggressive political language and violence. Among Republicans, 39% say aggressive political speech makes violence much more likely, while 63% of Democrats say such speech makes political violence much more likely. Among independents, 40% say aggressive language makes violence much more likely.

Americans are pessimistic about finding a way to reduce intense political conflict and violence, with 31% saying a path to reduction can be found and 69% saying the country is so divided that intense political conflict and violence are going to escalate. A majority of each party and of independents see escalating conflict as likely, with 63% of Republicans, 72% of independents, and 73% of Democrats saying violence is going to escalate.

A majority of Americans, 58%, say it is always unacceptable for a person to be happy about the death of a public figure they oppose, with 29% saying this is usually unacceptable, 9% saying it is usually acceptable, and 4% saying it is always acceptable. Seventy-eight percent of Republicans say such happiness is always unacceptable, 49% of independents say it is always unacceptable, and 41% of Democrats say it is always unacceptable. The number of those likely to say pleasure over the death of a political opponent is always unacceptable rises with age, with people under 30 years old least likely to say pleasure over the death of a political opponent is always unacceptable, at 45%. The figure rises to 51% among those 30-44, 61% among those 45-59, and 69% for those 60 or older.

Political ideology shows a strong gradient in the acceptability of feeling happy over the death of a political opponent. Among those who describe themselves as very liberal, 26% say such happiness is always unacceptable, as do 40% who say they are somewhat liberal. Among self-described moderates, 56% say this is always unacceptable. Of those who say they are somewhat conservative, 71% say this is always unacceptable, as do 80% of those who are very conservative.

A very large majority, 89%, say violence is never justified in order to achieve political goals, and 11% say violence can sometimes be justified. A majority of each partisan group, age group, and ideological group also say violence is never justified. The minority view, that violence can sometimes be justified, is larger among Democrats (15%) than among Republicans (6%); among those under 30 years old (14%) than among those 60 or older (5%); and among those who describe themselves as very liberal (25%) than among those who say they are very conservative (10%).

Respondents were asked how much they knew about Charlie Kirk before his shooting death. Twenty-three percent say they knew a lot about him, while 44% report having known a little and 33% saying they knew nothing at all about him. Kirk was better known among Republicans, 33% of whom say they knew a lot, than among independents (11%) and Democrats (18%). Kirk’s efforts to persuade and mobilize young voters are reflected in the finding that 30% of those 18-30 years old say they knew a lot about him, compared to 23% among those 30-44 and 20% for those 45-59. Among those 60 years old or older, 22% say they knew a lot about Kirk prior to his death. Kirk was especially well known among those who describe themselves as very conservative, 45% of whom said they knew a lot about him. He was also relatively well known among those self-described as very liberal, 32%, while only 12% of moderates said they knew a lot about him before his death.

A majority of respondents, 53%, approve of the way President Donald Trump has responded to the shooting death of Kirk, while 47% disapprove. Views of Trump’s response differ sharply by party, with 89% of Republicans approving, compared to 39% of independents and 18% of Democrats.

Presidential approval

Approval of Trump’s overall job performance in September stands at 43%, with disapproval at 57%. This continues a series of small declines since Trump took office in January, when 48% approved and 52% disapproved. The full trend is shown in Table 1. (All results in the tables are stated as percentages.)

Table 1: Trump approval

Among adults

Poll dates	Approval
	Net	Approve	Disapprove
9/15-24/25	-14	43	57
7/7-16/25	-10	45	55
5/5-15/25	-8	46	54
3/17-27/25	-8	46	54
1/27-2/6/25	-4	48	52
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as president?

Approval remains strong among Republicans at 81%, although this is a decline of 8 percentage points since January, and shows almost 1-in-5 Republicans now disapprove. Among independents, 27% approve, a decline of 10 percentage points since January. Democratic approval is 8%, 1 point lower than in January. The full trend by party is shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Trump approval, by party ID

Among adults

Poll dates	Approval
	Net	Approve	Disapprove
Republican
9/15-24/25	62	81	19
7/7-16/25	72	86	14
5/5-15/25	74	87	13
3/17-27/25	74	87	13
1/27-2/6/25	78	89	11
Independent
9/15-24/25	-46	27	73
7/7-16/25	-24	38	62
5/5-15/25	-38	31	69
3/17-27/25	-35	32	67
1/27-2/6/25	-26	37	63
Democrat
9/15-24/25	-84	8	92
7/7-16/25	-86	7	93
5/5-15/25	-84	8	92
3/17-27/25	-80	10	90
1/27-2/6/25	-82	9	91
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as president?

Approval of Trump varies substantially across individual issues, with his highest approval of 55% for handling border security, followed by his response to the Kirk shooting at 53%. And net approval is negative on all other issues, with Trump’s lowest approval rating being 28% for handling information about Jeffrey Epstein, one percentage point below the 29% approval for dealing with inflation and the cost of living. In between these extremes, net approval of Trump’s job performance is negative on each issue, meaning that more disapprove than approve of his handling of immigration, sending National Guard troops to Washington, D.C., his job performance overall, the economy, tariffs, the Israel-Hamas war, and the Russia-Ukraine war (to maintain the order of his best-to-worst scores on those items surveyed). Across all issues, net approval ranges from +10 (border security) to -44 (Epstein) percentage points, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Trump job approval across issues

Among adults

Issue	Net	Approve	Disapprove
Border security	10	55	45
Response to Kirk shooting	6	53	47
Immigration	-8	46	54
Sending National Guard to D.C.	-10	45	55
Overall	-14	43	57
The economy	-20	40	60
Tariffs	-24	38	62
Israel-Hamas war	-32	34	66
Russia-Ukraine war	-34	33	67
Inflation/cost of living	-42	29	71
Information about Jeffrey Epstein	-44	28	72
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as president?
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling each of the following issues?

The variation in approval across issues is substantially driven by variation in approval among Republicans and independents, with less variation from Democrats. Among all adults, approval ranges from 55% to 28%. Among Republicans the range is from 89% to 46%, a spread of 43 percentage points. Independents vary less, from 46% to 14%, a variation of 32 percentage points. For Democrats, the range is smaller still, from 23% to 5%, a difference of 18 percentage points. A majority of Republicans approve of Trump’s handling of all issues except information about Jeffrey Epstein, while Trump fails to win majority approval on any issue among independents, and he holds less than 25% support on all issues among Democrats.

Table 4 shows approval on each issue by party identification, as well as approval by all adults for comparison. The table is presented in order of approval among all adults.

Table 4: Trump job approval across issues, by party identification

Among adults

Issue	All adults approve	Rep approve	Ind approve	Dem approve
Border security	55	88	46	23
Response to Kirk shooting	53	89	39	18
Immigration	46	82	31	12
Sending National Guard to D.C.	45	80	34	12
Overall	43	81	27	8
The economy	40	73	24	10
Tariffs	38	72	24	8
Israel-Hamas war	34	65	14	9
Russia-Ukraine war	33	61	20	8
Inflation/cost of living	29	57	14	5
Information about Jeffrey Epstein	28	46	26	9
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling his job as president?
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way Donald Trump is handling each of the following issues?

Opinion of past presidents

The Marquette Law School Poll asked favorability ratings for each president from Ronald Reagan to Trump. Reagan has the most positive net favorability at +28 points, followed by George H. W. Bush and Barack Obama, each with net favorability of +17 points. Bill Clinton and George W. Bush also have positive net favorability, each at +8 points. The current president, Trump, has a net negative favorability of -15 points, while Joe Biden has the lowest net rating, -24 points. The two earliest presidents, Reagan and George H. W. Bush, both have relatively high percentages saying they haven’t heard enough about them to have an opinion, as do Clinton and George W. Bush to a lesser degree.

These ratings are shown in Table 5, arranged in order of net favorability.

Table 5: Favorability of past presidents

Among adults

President	Net favorability	Favorable	Unfavorable	Haven’t heard enough
Ronald Reagan	28	58	30	12
George H. W. Bush	17	53	36	10
Barack Obama	17	57	40	2
Bill Clinton	8	51	43	7
George W. Bush	8	50	42	8
Donald Trump	-15	42	57	1
Joe Biden	-24	37	61	2
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following former presidents or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Question: [Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?

Table 6 shows favorability by party identification. Republicans are net favorable to only Republican presidents and unfavorable to all Democratic presidents. Likewise, Democrats have positive net favorability to only Democratic presidents and are net negative to all Republican presidents. In contrast, independents rate some presidents of both parties positively overall and rate one president of each party (Biden and Trump) negatively overall. Independents are much more likely than either partisan camp to say they don’t have an opinion, especially of earlier presidents.

Table 6: Favorability of past presidents, by party identification

Among adults

President	Net favorability	Favorable	Unfavorable	Haven’t heard enough
Republican
Ronald Reagan	75	84	9	7
Donald Trump	58	79	21	0
George H. W. Bush	44	68	24	7
George W. Bush	33	64	31	5
Bill Clinton	-24	36	60	3
Barack Obama	-46	27	73	0
Joe Biden	-86	7	93	0
Independent
Barack Obama	33	62	29	9
Ronald Reagan	14	45	31	25
Bill Clinton	9	46	37	17
George H. W. Bush	5	44	39	17
George W. Bush	0	42	42	16
Joe Biden	-32	29	61	9
Donald Trump	-45	25	70	5
Democrat
Barack Obama	79	89	10	1
Joe Biden	47	73	26	1
Bill Clinton	42	68	26	6
George H. W. Bush	-7	41	48	10
George W. Bush	-14	39	53	7
Ronald Reagan	-17	36	53	11
Donald Trump	-81	9	90	1
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following former presidents or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?
Question: [Donald Trump] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?

Among Republicans, Reagan has the highest net favorability rating, +75, followed by Trump at +58. Independents give Obama their highest net rating, +33, followed by Reagan at +14. Democrats also give top marks to Obama at +79, followed by Biden at +47.

Republicans give their lowest rating to Biden, -86, while independents and Democrats place Trump last, -45 and -81, respectively.

Most important issue

Inflation and the cost of living remain the most important concerns for the public, as they have been all year in Marquette polls. In September, 40% cite inflation as the issue that matters most to them, an increase from 34% in July. The economy is the second greatest concern, with 19% saying it is the most important issue to them, up from 16% in July. Immigration and border security is the third most cited problem at 10%, a slight decrease from July when it was 13%. The full set of top concerns is shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Most important issue

Among adults

Issue
	Percent most important
Inflation and the cost of living	40
The economy	19
Immigration and border security	10
Medicare & Social Security	9
Health care	7
Crime	4
The size of the federal deficit	3
Abortion policy	2
The war between Russia and Ukraine	2
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Which one of the following issues matters MOST to you right now?

Tariffs, inflation and the economy

By a 58% to 29% margin, the public thinks tariffs hurt rather than help the economy, while 13% say tariffs make no difference. There has been little change in opinion of tariffs since March, as shown in Table 8.

Table 8: Impact of tariffs on economy

Among adults

Poll dates	Impact of imposing tariffs
	Helps U.S. economy	Hurts U.S. economy	Doesn’t make much difference
9/15-24/25	29	58	13
7/7-16/25	28	59	12
5/5-15/25	32	58	10
3/17-27/25	28	58	14
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: In general, do you think imposing tariffs or fees on products imported from other countries helps the U.S. economy, hurts the economy, or doesn’t make much of a difference either way?

While majorities think tariffs hurt the economy and disapprove of Trump’s handling of tariffs, 63% think tariffs are bargaining chips Trump is looking to exchange for concessions from other countries, while 37% think they are policies he intends to enforce. Majorities of each partisan group think the tariffs are bargaining chips, a view held by 60% of Republicans, 63% of independents, and 66% of Democrats.

Sixty percent of Americans believe Trump’s policies will increase inflation, while 25% think they will decrease inflation and 15% think they will have no effect. This view has shifted from near parity in December 2024, when 45% thought his policies would increase inflation and 41% thought the policies would decrease inflation. Opinion has shifted steadily to more pessimism about inflation since December, as shown in Table 9.

Table 9: Trump policy effect on inflation

Among adults

Poll dates	Effect on inflation
	Decrease inflation	Increase inflation	Have no effect on inflation
9/15-24/25	25	60	15
7/7-16/25	28	60	12
5/5-15/25	28	61	10
3/17-27/25	30	58	12
1/27-2/6/25	36	49	15
12/2-11/24	41	45	14
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Do you think Trump’s policy proposals will decrease inflation, increase inflation, or have no effect on inflation?

Adults nationwide see the prices of groceries rising over the last six months, with 42% saying they have gone up a lot and 32% saying they’ve gone up a little. Sixteen percent say grocery prices have stayed about the same, while 9% say they have gone down a little or a lot. While majorities of all partisan groups say that grocery prices have gone up, there is a partisan gap, with 18% of Republicans saying prices have gone down, a view shared by 8% of independents and by 1% of Democrats. Republicans are also more likely to say grocery prices have stayed about the same than are independents or Democrats. These views are shown by party identification in Table 10.

Table 10: Grocery prices, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Grocery prices
	Gone down	Stayed about the same	Gone up
Republican	18	24	58
Independent	8	12	81
Democrat	1	10	89
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: How has the price you pay for groceries changed over the last six months?

Expectations of increasing inflation over the next year have inched up since May, with 67% now saying they expect increased inflation, up from 63% saying this in May. Twelve percent expect a decrease in inflation, down from 20% in May. The trend is shown in Table 11.

Table 11: Inflation expectation over next 12 months

Among adults

	Inflation expectation
Poll dates	Increase	Decrease	Stay about the same
9/15-24/25	67	12	20
7/7-16/25	65	18	18
5/5-15/25	63	20	17
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Over the next 12 months do you think inflation and the cost of living will increase, decrease or stay about the same?

In September, 20% say they are personally better off than a year ago, while 35% say they are worse off and 45% say they are about the same. In July, 24% said they were better off and 32% said worse off. The full trend since December is shown in Table 12.

Table 12: Better or worse off than a year before

Among adults

Poll dates	Better or worse off
	Better	About the same	Worse
9/15-24/25	20	45	35
7/7-16/25	24	44	32
5/5-15/25	23	43	34
3/17-27/25	24	44	32
1/27-2/6/25	19	56	25
12/2-11/24	18	49	33
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Would you say you personally are better off, about the same, or worse off than you were a year ago?

Views of the state of the nation’s economy have varied modestly since December, with a small decline from July. In September, 30% said the economy was excellent or good, 50% said it was not so good, and 20% said the economy was poor. In July, 35% said excellent or good, 44% said not so good, and 21% said poor. The full history since December is shown in Table 13.

Table 13: State of the national economy

Among adults

Poll dates	National economy
	Excellent/Good	Not so good	Poor
9/15-24/25	30	50	20
7/7-16/25	35	44	21
5/5-15/25	32	47	22
3/17-27/25	26	53	20
1/27-2/6/25	27	58	15
12/2-11/24	29	50	21
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: How would you describe the state of the nation’s economy these days?

The Federal Reserve Board, Centers for Disease Control

The effort by Trump to remove a member of the Federal Reserve Board has received modest attention from the public, with 30% saying they have heard or read a lot about this, 38% saying they have heard a little, and 31% saying they have heard nothing at all.

A majority of the public, 79%, say the Federal Reserve Board should be independent of political control, while 21% say the president should have more influence over setting interest rates and monetary policy. A majority of each partisan group supports an independent Federal Reserve, with 65% of Republicans, 81% of independents, and 94% of Democrats favoring independence.

Confidence in the Federal Reserve is evenly divided between those with high confidence, 29%, and those with low confidence, 26%. A substantial percentage say they have some confidence, 45%. Those with greater confidence are more strongly in favor of independence for the Federal Reserve, though a majority of even those with the least confidence say the board should be independent of political control, as shown in Table 14.

Table 14: Independence of Federal Reserve, by confidence in it

Among adults

Confidence in Federal Reserve	Independent or presidential influence
	Should be independent	President should have more influence
Great deal/quite a lot	90	10
Some	79	21
Very little/None at all	68	32
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: [Federal Reserve Board] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?
Question: Should the Federal Reserve Board, which sets interest rates and monetary policy, be independent of political control, or should the President have more influence over setting interest rates and monetary policy?

The firing of the director of the Centers for Disease Control in late August received modest attention from the public. Twenty-nine percent say they heard or read a lot about this, 45% heard a little, and 26% heard nothing at all.

In terms of confidence in the CDC, 28% express high confidence, 37% have some confidence, and 35% say they have little or no confidence in the CDC. Confidence in the CDC is only slightly related to partisanship, with 27% of Republicans saying they have high confidence and 32% of Democrats saying the same. Table 15 shows the full relationship of confidence with party identification.

Table 15: Confidence in Centers for Disease Control, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Confidence in CDC
	Great deal/quite a lot	Some	Very little/None at all
Republican	27	41	33
Independent	21	42	37
Democrat	32	31	37
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: [Centers for Disease Control (CDC)] Here is a list of institutions in American society. How much confidence do you have in each one?

Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., is viewed favorably by 39% and unfavorably by 52%, with 9% who say they haven’t heard enough. Attention to news about the firing of the CDC director was more strongly associated with opinions of Kennedy, with only 18% of those favorable to Kennedy having heard a lot about the firing, while 42% of those unfavorable to Kennedy had heard a lot. Table 16 presents this full relationship.

Table 16: Heard about CDC firing, by favorability to Kennedy

Among adults

Kennedy favorability	Heard about CDC firing
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all
Favorable	18	53	29
Unfavorable	42	42	16
Haven’t heard enough	2	31	67
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: [The firing of the director of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)] Here are some recent topics in the news. How much have you heard or read about each of these?
Question: [Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.] Do you have a favorable or an unfavorable opinion of the following people or haven’t you heard enough yet to have an opinion?

The parties, a government shutdown, and redistricting

Approval of how Republicans in Congress are handling their job is at 42%, with disapproval at 58%, unchanged from July. Approval of Democrats in Congress is 31% with disapproval at 69%. In July, 34% approved of the Democrats and 66% disapproved.

Views of the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” have hardly changed since July, with 42% who support the bill and 58% who oppose it. That represents a one-percentage-point increase in support and a one-point decline in opposition from July.

As of mid-September when this poll was taken, 13% thought a federal government shutdown on October 1 was very likely, 42% thought it somewhat likely, 37% said it was not too likely, and 8% said it was not at all likely. Democrats were somewhat more inclined than Republicans or independents to think a shutdown was likely, as shown in Table 17.

Table 17: Likelihood of government shutdown, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Likelihood of shutdown
	Very likely	Somewhat likely	Not too likely	Not at all likely
Republican	8	36	46	9
Independent	14	41	37	8
Democrat	17	49	27	6
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: How likely is it that there will be a shutdown of the federal government on October 1 due to  failure to pass a budget agreement?

A majority of the public, and a majority of each party, are opposed to the mid-decade redistricting that is taking place in several states. Redistricting is opposed by 70% and favored by 30%. Opinion of redistricting by party is shown in Table 18, with more support among Republicans but majority opposition even in Republican ranks.

Table 18: Redistricting, by party identification

Among adults

Party ID	Opinion of redistricting
	Favor	Oppose
Republican	38	62
Independent	31	69
Democrat	20	80
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Texas has redrawn its congressional districts to create more seats Republicans are likely to win. California is considering doing the same to create more seats Democrats are likely to win. Several other states are also considering drawing new districts. Do you favor or oppose states, outside the normal ten-year census cycle, redrawing their congressional districts to make them as advantageous as possible for the party with the majority in the state?

Crime and deployment of federal forces

Just over half of Americans, 53%, say they are very or somewhat concerned about crime in their community, with 20% very concerned and 33% somewhat concerned. Thirty-seven percent are not too concerned, and 10% are not at all concerned.

As for their personal safety, 73% say they feel safe from crime when going about their daily activities, while 27% say they are worried about their safety.

Concern with gun violence in their community is slightly higher than with crime, with 28% very concerned, 28% somewhat concerned, 31% not too concerned, and 14% not at all concerned.

Fifty-one percent said they had heard a lot about the deployment of the National Guard and federal agents to Washington, D.C., while 40% had heard a little and 8% had heard nothing at all.

As for deploying the National Guard to the respondent’s community, 25% said they would like such a federal presence, while 75% said their community would be better off without such federal involvement.

Opinion is mixed on the effect on crime in Washington, D.C., due to the presence of the National Guard and federal agents, with 44% who say this has reduced crime in Washington and 56% who say it hasn’t made much difference.

Foreign affairs

Fifty-four percent say they have read or heard a lot about the war between Russia and Ukraine, with 39% who say they have heard a little and 8% who say they have heard nothing at all.

Support for aid to Ukraine in its war with Russia has increased since December, when 25% said the United States was not giving enough support and 42% said America was giving too much aid. In September these figures have reversed, with 38% now saying the United States should give more aid and 28% saying the country is giving too much aid. This is the first time in Marquette polling that more people say the United States should give more aid than say America is giving too much. The full trend in opinion about aid to Ukraine is shown in Table 19.

Table 19: Aid to Ukraine

Among adults

Poll dates	Aid
	Net not enough-too much	Too much support	Not enough support	About the right amount of support
9/15-24/25	10	28	38	34
3/17-27/25	-4	37	33	29
1/27-2/6/25	-19	41	22	37
12/2-11/24	-17	42	25	34
10/1-10/24	-16	38	22	40
5/6-15/24	-14	39	25	36
3/18-28/24	-5	36	31	33
2/5-15/24	-13	38	25	37
11/2-7/23	-17	38	21	40
9/18-25/23	-15	37	22	41
7/7-12/23	-12	34	22	44
5/8-18/23	-11	34	23	43
3/13-22/23	-10	34	24	41
1/9-20/23	-5	29	24	46
11/15-22/22	-9	32	23	45
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: When it comes to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Ukraine, not enough support to Ukraine, or about the right amount of support to Ukraine?

Americans view Ukraine more favorably, 60%, than unfavorably, 27%, a slight improvement since last asked in March, when 59% were favorable and 31% were unfavorable.

Views of Russia are much more negative, with 7% favorable and 82% unfavorable. In March, 9% were favorable and 83% were unfavorable.

Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is seen favorably by 43% and unfavorably by 36%, with 21% who say they haven’t heard enough about him. In March, 45% were favorable, 39% were unfavorable, and 17% hadn’t heard enough.

Russian President Vladimir Putin is viewed favorably by 6% and unfavorably by 87%, with 7% who haven’t heard enough. In March, 7% saw him favorably, 85% unfavorably, and 8% hadn’t heard enough.

The war between Israel and Hamas has received among respondents an amount of attention similar to the Russia-Ukraine war, with 52% who say they have heard a lot about it, 37% saying they have heard a little, and 11% saying they have heard nothing at all.

Increased aid to Israel is supported by 23%, while 42% say Israel is receiving too much aid and 34% say it is getting about the right amount of aid. Opinion about the level of aid to Israel has remained relatively stable since February 2024, as shown in Table 20.

Table 20: Aid to Israel

Among adults

Poll dates	Aid
	Net not enough-too much	Too much support	Not enough support	About the right amount of support
9/15-24/25	-19	42	23	34
12/2-11/24	-16	40	24	36
5/6-15/24	-17	41	24	35
3/18-28/24	-13	37	24	39
2/5-15/24	-21	42	21	38
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: When it comes to Israel’s war with Hamas in Gaza, do you think the United States is providing too much support to Israel, not enough support to Israel, or about the right amount of support to Israel?

Israel is viewed favorably by 36% and unfavorably by 49%, with 15% saying they haven’t heard enough. This is a decrease from March, when 43% were favorable, 43% unfavorable, and 14% lacked an opinion. Views of Israel vary with age: among those 18-29, 20% hold a favorable opinion and 59% an unfavorable opinion, while those 60 and older are 49% favorable and 41% unfavorable.

The Palestinians are seen favorably by 32% and unfavorably by 50%, with 18% who say they haven’t heard enough. This question was not asked previously. The Palestinians are viewed more favorably by those 18-29, 44% favorable and 34% unfavorable, than they are by those 60 and older, who are 24% favorable and 62% unfavorable.

More than half, 56%, say it is better for the U.S. to take an active part in world affairs, while 44% say it is better to stay out of world affairs. The trend on this question since 2022 is shown in Table 21.

Table 21: U.S. role in world

Among adults

Poll dates	U.S. role
	Net active role-stay out	Take an active part in world affairs	Stay out of world affairs
9/15-24/25	12	56	44
3/17-27/25	28	64	36
1/27-2/6/25	22	61	39
12/2-11/24	20	60	40
10/1-10/24	8	54	46
5/6-15/24	8	54	46
3/18-28/24	12	56	44
2/5-15/24	8	54	46
11/2-7/23	4	52	48
9/18-25/23	16	58	42
7/7-12/23	6	53	47
5/8-18/23	10	55	45
3/13-22/23	10	55	45
1/9-20/23	18	59	41
11/15-22/22	20	60	40
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: Sept. 15-24, 2025
Question: Do you think it will be better for the future of the country if we take an active part in world affairs, or if we stay out of world affairs?

About the Marquette Law School Poll

The survey was conducted Sept. 15-24, 2025, interviewing 1,043 adults nationwide, with a margin of error of +/-3.3 percentage points.

Interviews were conducted using the SSRS Opinion Panel, a national probability sample with interviews conducted online. Certain other data from this survey (focusing on those about public views of the Supreme Court) are held for release on Oct. 2. The detailed methodology statement, survey instrument, topline results, and crosstabs for this release are available on the Marquette Law Poll website.

Also:

• Approval of the Supreme Court at 49%, down slightly due to greater disapproval from Democrats
• Large majorities continue to support authority of courts, limits on presidential powers
• Majorities oppose calls to impeach judges

MILWAUKEE — A new Marquette Law School Poll national survey finds majorities of adults in favor each of seven U.S. Supreme Court cases decided this year.

Support ranges from 56% for a decision limiting district court use of nationwide injunctions to 75% for a decision upholding a Texas state law requiring proof of age to access sexually oriented websites. Support also surpassed 70% for decisions requiring due process for those subject to deportation (73%) and upholding a Tennessee state law banning gender-transition treatment for minors (71%).

A decision requiring schools to allow parents to decide to opt their children out of lessons on religious grounds is favored by 69%. A decision from January upholding a federal law requiring the sale of TikTok has 60% in favor. And a decision overturning a Wisconsin ruling that denied a Catholic charity organization a religious tax exemption is favored by 59%. The full set of rulings surveyed is shown in Table 1. (All results in the tables are stated as percentages.)

Table 1: Favor or oppose recent Supreme Court decisions

Among adults

	Favor or oppose
Decision	Favor	Oppose
Upholds law requiring proof of age to access sexually oriented websites	75	25
Requires due process for those subject to deportation	73	27
Upholds ban on transgender treatment for minors	71	29
Allows parents to opt school children out of lessons	69	31
Upholds law requiring TikTok sale	60	40
Requires religious tax exemption for Catholic Charities organization	59	41
Limits district court use of nationwide injunctions	56	44
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: See full question texts at the end of this release

Across these cases, 75% favored a majority of the seven decisions, while 25% opposed a majority of the results. Most respondents disagreed with at least some Court rulings. All seven outcomes are favored by 10%, six of the seven are favored by 28%, and five are favored by 21%. Few respondents oppose most of the decisions, with 1% opposed to all, 4% opposed to six, and 7% opposed to five. Table 2 shows support across all decisions.

Table 2: Number of decisions supported

Among adults

Number of decisions supported
	Percent
0	1
1	4
2	7
3	13
4	16
5	21
6	28
7	10
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: Agreement with decisions across seven cases

The survey was conducted July 7-16, 2025, interviewing 1,005 adults nationwide, with a margin of error of +/-3.4 percentage points.

Approval of the job the Supreme Court is doing inched down from 53% in May to 49% in July, with 51% disapproving in July. During the current term of the Court since October 2024, approval rose from 45% in October with small declines in May and July, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: U.S. Supreme Court approval

Among adults

Poll dates	Approval
	Approve	Disapprove
7/7-16/25	49	51
5/5-15/25	53	47
3/17-27/25	54	46
1/27-2/6/25	51	49
12/2-11/24	48	52
10/1-10/24	45	55
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: July 7-16, 2025
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Supreme Court is handling its job?

The decline in approval in July is driven by shifts among Democrats, whose approval fell from 31% in May to 18% in July. Approval among Republicans and independents increased only slightly, as shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Supreme Court approval

Among national adults

Poll dates	Approval
	Approve	Disapprove
Republican
7/7-16/25	81	19
5/5-15/25	78	22
3/17-27/25	79	21
1/27-2/6/25	84	16
12/2-11/24	74	26
10/1-10/24	68	32
Independent
7/7-16/25	45	55
5/5-15/25	43	57
3/17-27/25	45	55
1/27-2/6/25	46	54
12/2-11/24	46	54
10/1-10/24	41	59
Democrat
7/7-16/25	18	82
5/5-15/25	31	69
3/17-27/25	31	69
1/27-2/6/25	19	81
12/2-11/24	21	79
10/1-10/24	23	77
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: July 7-16, 2025
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Supreme Court is handling its job?

Partisan differences in approval of the Court persist beyond agreement or disagreement with the Court’s rulings. Yet approval is higher in each party among those who agree with a majority of rulings than among those in the same party who disagree with most decisions, as shown in Table 5.

Table 5: Supreme Court approval, by agreement with seven surveyed decisions and party ID

Among national adults

Agreement with decisions	Approval
	Approve	Disapprove
Republican
Agree on 0-3 cases	58	42
Agree on 4-7 cases	83	17
Independent
Agree on 0-3 cases	24	76
Agree on 4-7 cases	53	47
Democrat
Agree on 0-3 cases	7	93
Agree on 4-7 cases	26	74
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey July 7-16, 2025
Question: Overall, how much do you approve or disapprove of the way the U.S. Supreme Court is handling its job?

Democrats are more attentive to news about the Court than are independents and Republicans. Among Democrats, 46% say they heard or read a lot about the Court in the last month, compared to 26% among Republicans and 25% among independents. Republicans and independents are also considerably more likely than Democrats to say they heard nothing at all about the Court, as shown in Table 6.

Democrats who disagreed with a majority of recent decisions were also more attentive to news about the Court. Of Democrats who opposed a majority of the decisions, 55% said they had heard a lot about the Court in the last month, compared to 38% saying this among Democrats who agreed with a majority of decisions.

Table 6: Attention to news about the U.S. Supreme Court

Among adults

Party ID	Attention to Court news
	A lot	A little	Nothing at all
Republican	26	55	19
Independent	25	48	27
Democrat	46	49	5
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: Thinking about the last month only, how much have you heard or read about the U.S. Supreme Court?

Partisan divisions on individual Supreme Court decisions

Some recent decisions draw bipartisan support, while others reflect partisan divides. These divisions are generally smaller than ones typically seen for presidential approval or other clearly partisan issues.

The decision upholding a Texas law requiring proof of age in order to access sexually oriented websites is an example of strong support across party groups. This decision is favored by 84% of Republicans, 70% of independents, and 68% of Democrats, as shown in Table 7.

Table 7: Proof of age to access sexually oriented websites

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	75	25
Republican	84	16
Independent	70	30
Democrat	68	32
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In June, the Supreme Court upheld a Texas law meant to prevent minors from accessing sexual materials on the internet, through a requirement that adults prove they are 18 or over by submitting government-issued IDs in order to access sexually oriented websites. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Majorities of each party also favor a decision to require due process for those facing deportation, though the gap between Republicans and Democrats is substantial. The ruling is favored by 53% of Republicans, 75% of independents, and 92% of Democrats, as shown in Table 8.

Table 8: Due process for those facing deportation

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	73	27
Republican	53	47
Independent	75	25
Democrat	92	8
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In April, the Supreme Court said that those the administration is seeking to deport under the Alien Enemies Act must receive notice that they are subject to deportation within a reasonable time and in such a manner as will allow them to actually seek court review before such deportation occurs. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

A similar bipartisan majority and a similar partisan gap are seen on the decision upholding Tennessee’s ban on transgender treatment for minors, with 90% of Republicans in favor of the ruling, along with 72% of independents and 52% of Democrats, as shown in Table 9.

Table 9: Law banning gender-transition treatment for minors

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	71	29
Republican	90	10
Independent	72	28
Democrat	52	48
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In June, the Supreme Court upheld a Tennessee law that prohibits medical providers from prescribing puberty-delaying medication or performing gender transition surgery for youth under 18. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

The decision allowing parents to opt their children out of certain school lessons due to religious objections falls just short of commanding bipartisan majorities, with 91% of Republicans in favor, while 66% of independents and 48% of Democrats are in favor. See Table 10.

Table 10: Allow parents to opt children out of school lessons

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	69	31
Republican	91	9
Independent	66	34
Democrat	48	52
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In June, the Supreme Court ruled that parents of elementary school students should be able to opt their children out of reading classes concerning stories about LGBTQ+ characters, if those stories conflict with the families’ religious beliefs. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

The decision upholding the federal law requiring the sale of TikTok also falls just short of bipartisan agreement, though with a smaller gap between Republicans, 77% of whom favor the ruling, and the 47% each of Democrats and of independents who favor the ruling, as shown in Table 11.

Table 11: Uphold law requiring sale of TikTok

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	60	40
Republican	77	23
Independent	47	53
Democrat	47	53
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In January, the Supreme Court upheld a law requiring the social media app TikTok, which is owned by a Chinese company, to be sold or banned in the U.S. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

There is a smaller partisan gap on the decision requiring a religious tax exemption for a Catholic charity organization, with 70% of Republicans across the nation in favor, along with 60% of independents and 47% of Democrats. The decision overturned a Wisconsin Supreme Court ruling, which had upheld denying the organization a tax exemption. These results are in Table 12.

Table 12: Tax exemption for Catholic charities

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	59	41
Republican	70	30
Independent	60	40
Democrat	47	53
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In June, the Supreme Court ruled that Wisconsin violated the Constitution when it refused to give Catholic Charities Bureau, Inc. the same exemption from the state’s unemployment tax that it gives to churches, religious schools, and some other religious groups. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Republicans and Democrats are strongly divided on a decision limiting the ability of federal district courts to impose nationwide injunctions, with 78% of Republicans in favor, compared to 32% of Democrats. The ruling is also favored by 63% of independents. Partisan favorability is shown in Table 13.

Table 13: Limit district courts use of nationwide injunctions

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	56	44
Republican	78	22
Independent	63	37
Democrat	32	68
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In June, the Supreme Court limited the ability of federal district courts to issue nationwide injunctions blocking government actions found to be unconstitutional. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

The survey also asked about the 2015 decision that held there is a constitutional right to same-sex marriage. Support among Republicans falls just short of a majority at 48%, with 66% of independents and 89% of Democrats in favor. The results are in Table 14.

Table 14: Constitutional right to same-sex marriage

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	68	32
Republican	48	52
Independent	66	34
Democrat	89	11
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Public opinion on the 2024 decision that held presidents have broad immunity from criminal prosecution for their official acts has a wide partisan gap, with 61% of Republicans in favor of the decision compared to 17% of Democrats and 42% of independents. This result is shown in Table 15.

Table 15: Presidential immunity from criminal prosecution

Among adults

Party ID	Favor or oppose ruling
	Favor	Oppose
Among all adults	39	61
Republican	61	39
Independent	42	58
Democrat	17	83
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: In July 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, while there is no immunity for unofficial acts, former presidents have broad immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts as president. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Court authority

While 56% favor the Court’s decision limiting nationwide injunctions, a different question asked whether courts have the authority to temporarily block some of the executive actions of President Donald Trump’s administration. With this question, 69% say the courts have this authority, while 31% say they do not. In May, 64% said the courts had this power and 36% said they did not. On this question, which directly mentions the Trump administration, the partisan gap is even larger than for the decision on nationwide injunctions. Among Republicans, 42% think courts have the authority to temporarily block the administration’s actions, while 73% of independents and 94% of Democrats think so, as shown in Table 16.

Table 16: Do courts have authority to temporarily block Trump administration actions

Among adults

Party ID	Have authority or not
	Yes	No
Among all adults	69	31
Republican	42	58
Independent	73	27
Democrat	94	6
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: Federal courts have issued orders temporarily blocking a number of the Trump administration’s executive actions. Do you think such orders can be a proper use of judicial authority?

The poll shows continued strong support for the Supreme Court when it rules against the president. When asked whether a president must obey a ruling by the Supreme Court, 83% say the president must obey and 17% say the president can ignore the ruling. This high level of support for the power of the Supreme Court has remained stable since first asked in 2019, as shown in Table 17.

Table 17: Must a president obey ruling of U.S. Supreme Court

Among adults

Poll dates	Obey ruling
	The president has the power to ignore the ruling	The president is required to do as the ruling says
7/7-16/25	17	83
5/5-15/25	16	84
3/17-27/25	17	83
1/27-2/6/25	17	83
12/2-11/24	21	79
9/8-15/20	16	82
9/3-13/19	22	76
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: July 7-16, 2025
Question: If the Supreme Court rules against the president in a case, does the president have the power to ignore that ruling, or is the president required to do as the ruling says?

Large majorities of all partisan groups say the president must obey Supreme Court rulings, as shown in Table 18. There is modest variation across partisan identification, with Republicans and independents somewhat more likely than Democrats to say presidents can ignore rulings, but more than 75% of each group say Supreme Court rulings must be followed.

Table 18: Must a president obey Supreme Court rulings

Among adults

Party ID	Obey Supreme Court ruling
	The president has the power to ignore the ruling	The president is required to do as the ruling says
Republican	18	82
Independent	21	79
Democrat	14	86
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, July 7-16, 2025
Question: If the Supreme Court rules against the president in a case, does the president have the power to ignore that ruling, or is the president required to do as the ruling says?

There have been calls from members of Congress and from Trump to impeach federal judges who have ruled against administration actions. A majority of survey respondents say judges should not be impeached for such rulings. Specifically, 66% oppose impeachment of judges when members of Congress call for it, and 68% oppose impeachment when President Trump calls for it. There has been little change since May, when 70% opposed congressional calls for impeachment and 70% opposed Trump’s call to impeach.

Presidential power

Since taking office, Trump has frozen some spending and moved to close some agencies that had been authorized by Congress. Sixty-two percent say this is beyond the president’s authority, while 38% say the president has this authority. These views are little-changed since first asked in March, as shown in Table 19.

Table 19: Does president have authority to close agencies authorized by Congress

Among adults

Poll dates	Authority
	Beyond the president’s authority	Has the authority without congressional approval
7/7-16/25	62	38
5/5-15/25	62	38
3/17-27/25	64	36
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: July 7-16, 2025
Question: Do you think agencies and spending that have been authorized by Congress are beyond the president’s authority to close or freeze, or do you think the president has the authority to take these actions without congressional approval?

When Congress fails to act, 20% say the president should have the power to make laws on his own, while 80% say he should not be able to do so. Opposition to this additional presidential power has increased a little since 2020, when 72% said the president should not be able to unilaterally make laws, as shown in Table 20.

Table 20: Should president be able to make laws if Congress fails to act

Among adults

Poll dates	President make laws
	Yes, president should be able to make laws	No, president should not be able to make laws
7/7-16/25	20	80
5/5-15/25	19	81
12/2-11/24	22	78
9/8-15/20	28	72
Marquette Law School Poll, national survey, latest: July 7-16, 2025
Question: When Congress fails to act, should the president have the power to make laws on his own?

While a majority of all partisan groups are opposed to allowing the president to make laws, there is greater support for this power among Republicans, 35%, than among independents, 15%, or among Democrats, 6%. All partisan groups are less supportive of this power than they were in September 2020, as shown in Table 21, though Republican support has increased from December 2024 to July.

Table 21: Should president be able to make laws if Congress fails to act

Among adults

Poll dates	Make laws
	Yes, president should be able to make laws	No, president should not be able to make laws
Republican
7/7-16/25	35	65
5/5-15/25	31	69
12/2-11/24	28	72
9/8-15/20	45	55
Independent
7/7-16/25	15	85
5/5-15/25	21	79
12/2-11/24	23	77
9/8-15/20	23	77
Democrat
7/7-16/25	6	94
5/5-15/25	6	94
12/2-11/24	14	86
9/8-15/20	15	85
Marquette Law School Poll, national surveys, latest: July 7-16, 2025
Question: When Congress fails to act, should the president have the power to make laws on his own?

About the Marquette Law School Poll

The survey was conducted July 7-16, 2025, interviewing 1,005 adults nationwide, with a margin of error of +/-3.4 percentage points.

Interviews were conducted using the SSRS Opinion Panel, a national probability sample with interviews conducted online. Certain other data from this survey (focusing on views of the Trump administration and policy issues) were released previously, on July 23. The detailed methodology statement, survey instrument, topline results, and crosstabs for this release are available on the Marquette Law Poll website.

Wording of questions about recent and past Supreme Court decisions

These items do not attempt to exactly frame the particular issues in specific cases but rather address the topic in more general terms.

The wording of questions about recent cases include:

Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton

• In June, the Supreme Court upheld a Texas law meant to prevent minors from accessing sexual materials on the internet, through a requirement that adults prove they are 18 or over by submitting government-issued IDs in order to access sexually oriented websites. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Trump v. J.G.G.

• In April, the Supreme Court said that those the administration is seeking to deport under the Alien Enemies Act must receive notice that they are subject to deportation within a reasonable time and in such a manner as will allow them to actually seek court review before such deportation occurs. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

United States v. Skrmetti

• In June, the Supreme Court upheld a Tennessee law that prohibits medical providers from prescribing puberty-delaying medication or performing gender transition surgery for youth under 18. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Mahmoud v. Taylor

• In June, the Supreme Court ruled that  parents of elementary school students should be able to opt their children out of reading classes concerning stories about LGBTQ+ characters, if those stories conflict with the families’ religious beliefs. How much do you favor or oppose that decision?

TikTok v. Garland

• In January, the Supreme Court upheld a law requiring the social media app TikTok, which is owned by a Chinese company, to be sold or banned in the U.S. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Catholic Charities Bureau v. Wisconsin Labor & Industry Review Commission

• In June, the Supreme Court ruled that Wisconsin violated the Constitution when it refused to give Catholic Charities Bureau, Inc., the same exemption from the state’s unemployment tax that it gives to churches, religious schools, and some other religious groups. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Trump v. CASA

• In June, the Supreme Court limited the ability of federal district courts to issue nationwide injunctions blocking government actions found to be unconstitutional. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Obergefell v. Hodges

• In 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution guarantees a right to same-sex marriage. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?

Trump v. United States.

• In July 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that, while there is no immunity for unofficial acts, former presidents have broad immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts as president. How much do you favor or oppose this decision?