Israel Reflections 2015: Dome of the Rock

Dome of the RockWhile we were in Jerusalem, Sarah Farrukh, our Muslim student, was able to go visit the Dome of the Rock.  (Non-Muslims are generally not permitted to visit so this was an individual visit.) When she rejoined the group in the beautiful traditional garb, she was excited to share her story below:

Temple Mount is one of the most important religious sites in the Old City of Jerusalem.  Three monumental structures – al-Aqsa Mosque, the Dome of the Rock, and the Dome of the Chain – dominate the present site.  I had the opportunity to visit all three monuments.  Currently, only Muslims are allowed inside the complex.  I knew I may need to “prove” I am Muslim when I arrived.  I greeted the guards with the traditional greeting, “As-Salam Alaykum,” which means “Peace be upon you.”  They asked me whether I am Muslim as a formality.  Finally, a guard asked me to recite the heart of the Qur’an, which is Surah Al-Fatiha. The surah praises Allah and asks for his guidance.  I literally said the first two syllables, and the guard waved me in.

With its golden, glittering dome, the Dome of the Rock is hard to miss.  The shrine, built around the Foundation Stone, is covered in beautiful blue and white mosaics and Arabic calligraphy.  Because repairs are being made to the interior of the dome, I couldn’t see the stone itself, but I was able to touch a small portion of the stone around which a nook was built.  I also entered a cavern beneath the rock, called the Well of Souls.  The Dome of the Chain is a shaded prayer house next to the Dome of the Rock.  I actually did not know what it was or its religious and historical significance until after my visit.  Al-Aqsa Mosque sits on the southern end of Temple Mount.  The silver domed mosque is painted in rich, warm colors, and the architecture and arches are beautiful.  I offered prayers and read the Qur’an in both al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock.  The sites were peaceful and relatively quiet.  I saw families and friends leisurely conversing, waiting for the call to the evening prayer.  As I was leaving, I heard the azan (call to prayer) for the evening prayer. I stopped and listened, but I was not able to join the communal prayer because I had to join the rest of my class at Hebrew University.  However, I am now motivated to return to Jerusalem, so I’m definitely going back!

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Deadly Force in Philly (and Milwaukee)

Last month, the U.S. Department of Justice issued a voluminous report on uses of deadly force by the Philadelphia Police Department. In recent years, there has been a drop in both violent crime and assaults on police officers in the City of Brotherly Love, but officer-involved shootings (OISs) have remained stubbornly high. Amidst media coverage of rising OIS numbers in 2013, the Police Department requested assistance from the DOJ in order to assess the problem.

The new report, authored by George Fachner and Steven Carter, finds there were 394 OISs in Philadelphia between 2007 and 2014, for an average of 49 per year. The suspects were unarmed in 15% of the cases. Fachner and Carter provide a wealth of data regarding the 394 OISs and dozens of recommendations for the Department.

One recommendation is that the “PPD should publish a detailed report on use of force, including deadly force, on an annual basis. The report should be released to the public.”

I’m pleased to say that we are already doing such annual reports here in Milwaukee. How do the numbers compare?

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Exploitative Businesses and the Perpetuation of Poverty

walker-thomas_furniture_signProf. David Papke has a new article in print, entitled “Perpetuating Poverty: Exploitative Businesses, the Urban Poor, and the Failure of Reform,” appearing in 16 St. Mary’s Law Review on Race & Social Justice 223 (2014). Here is the abstract:

While rent-to-own outlets, payday lenders, and title pawns operate in suburban and rural areas, these exploitative businesses are most concentrated in America’s inner cities. The businesses’ highly crafted, standardized contractual agreements are central in their business models and for the most part enforceable in the courts. What’s more, the contractual agreements and business models are so sophisticated and adjustable as to make them virtually impervious to regulation or legislative reform. The businesses as a result continue not only to exploit the urban poor but also to socioeconomically subjugate them by trapping them into a ceaseless debt cycle. Profits go up when the urban poor cannot pay up, and rent-to-own outlets, payday lenders, and title pawns take advantage of urban poverty while simultaneously increasing and perpetuating it.

An earlier draft of the paper appeared on SSRN.

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